Factor Structure and Reliability of the Posttraumatic Cognitions Inventory in Korean Female Victims of Sexual Violence

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 2254-2270
Author(s):  
Kyoung Min Shin ◽  
Young Ki Chung ◽  
Nam Hee Kim ◽  
Kyoung Ah Kim ◽  
Hyoung Yoon Chang
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Violence ◽  
Psychometric Properties ◽  
Posttraumatic Stress ◽  
Factor Structure ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Event Scale ◽  
Female Victims ◽  
Posttraumatic Cognitions ◽  
Korean Version ◽  
The Impact

Trauma-related cognitions play an important role in formation and persistence of posttraumatic stress symptoms. This study investigated the psychometric properties of the Korean version of the Posttraumatic Cognitions Inventory (PTCI) in a sample of 227 females who had experienced sexual violence. Data were collected from victims who sought victim support services following sexual violence between 2011 and 2015. The Impact of Event Scale–Revised, Beck Depression Inventory, and Beck Anxiety Inventory were used to measure posttraumatic stress disorder severity, depression, and anxiety, respectively. The three-factor solution of the PTCI (SELF, WORLD, BLAME) was supported; however, it was necessary to remove five items from the original 33-item scale. The 28-item PTCI displays good internal consistency, concurrent validity, and discriminant validity. SELF and WORLD subscales correlated with trauma symptom severity, controlling depression and anxiety. This is the first study to investigate factor structure and psychometric properties of the Korean version of the PTCI with female victims of sexual violence, which demonstrated that 28-item version of PTCI is an acceptable assessment measure of examining trauma-related cognitions.

Childbirth and Posttraumatic Stress Responses

2006 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 259-267 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eelco Olde ◽  
Rolf J. Kleber ◽  
Onno van der Hart ◽  
Victor J.M. Pop
Keyword(s):  
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Posttraumatic Stress ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Rating Scales ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Traumatic Experience ◽  
Event Scale ◽  
Self Rating ◽  
The Impact

Childbirth has been identified as a possible traumatic experience, leading to traumatic stress responses and even to the development of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The current study investigated the psychometric properties of the Dutch version of the Impact of Event Scale-Revised (IES-R) in a group of women who recently gave birth (N = 435). In addition, a comparison was made between the original IES and the IES-R. The scale showed high internal consistency (α = 0.88). Using confirmatory factor analysis no support was found for a three-factor structure of an intrusion, an avoidance, and a hyperarousal factor. Goodness of fit was only reasonable, even after fitting one intrusion item on the hyperarousal scale. The IES-R correlated significantly with scores on depression and anxiety self-rating scales, as well as with scores on a self-rating scale of posttraumatic stress disorder. Although the IES-R can be used for studying posttraumatic stress reactions in women who recently gave birth, the original IES proved to be a better instrument compared to the IES-R. It is concluded that adding the hyperarousal scale to the IES-R did not make the scale stronger.

Validity and reliability of the Self-administered-Psycho-TherApy-SystemS (SELFPASS) depression and anxiety self-assessment item pool: a cross-sectional online survey (Preprint)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gwendolyn Mayer ◽  
Svenja Hummel ◽  
Nadine Gronewold ◽  
Oetjen Neele ◽  
Thomas Hilbel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Psychometric Properties ◽  
Factor Structure ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Criterion Validity ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Item Pool ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Self Assessment ◽  
Underlying Factor

BACKGROUND E-mental-health applications targeting at depression and anxiety have gained increased attention in mental health care. Daily self-assessment is an essential part of e-mental-health apps. The app SELFPASS (Self-administered-Psycho-TherApy-SystemS) is a self-management app to manage depressive and anxious symptoms. A self-developed item pool with 40 depression items and 12 anxiety items is included to provide symptom specific suggestions for interventions. However, the psychometric properties of the item pool have not yet been tested. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study is to investigate the validity and reliability of the SELFPASS item pool that has been developed for an internet-based daily self-assessment of depressive and anxious symptoms. METHODS An online link with the SELFPASS item pool and validated mood assessment scales were distributed to healthy subjects and patients who had received a diagnosis of a depressive disorder within the last year. Two scores were derived from the SELFPASS item pool: SELFPASS depression (SP-D) and SELFPASS anxiety (SP-A). The reliability was examined using Cronbach’s α. The construct validity was assessed via Pearson correlations with the Patients Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), the General Anxiety Disorder Scale-7 (GAD-7) and the WHO-5-Wellbeing-Scale (WHO-5). A logistic regression was performed as an indicator for concurrent criterion validity of SP-D and SP-A. A factor analysis provides information about the underlying factor structure of the item pool. Item-scale-correlations were calculated in order to determine item quality. RESULTS A total of n=284 participants were included, with n=192 (67.6%) healthy subjects and n=92 (32.4%) patients. Cronbach’s α was α=0.94 for SP-D and α=0.88 for SP-A. We found significant positive correlations of SP-D and PHQ-9 (r=0.87, P<.001), SP-A and GAD-7 (r=0.80, P<.001), and negative correlations of SP-D and WHO-5 (r=-0.80, P<.001) and SP A and WHO-5 (r=-.69, P<.001). Increasing scores of SP-D and SP-A led to increased odds of belonging to the patient group (SP-D: OR=1.03 (1.01 – 1.05), P<.001; SP-A: 1.05 (1.05 – 1.01), P=.01). The item pool showed two factors with one that consisted of mood-related items and another factor with somatic-related items. CONCLUSIONS The SELFPASS item pool showed good psychometric properties in terms of reliability, construct and criterion validity. However, the underlying factor structure could not be reduced to the two diagnostic categories depression and anxiety, but to a more mood related and a rather somatic factor. Few items should be replaced for future use.

scholarly journals SUBJEKTYVAUS TRAUMINIO PATYRIMO IR POTRAUMINIO AUGIMO BEI POTRAUMINIO STRESO SUTRIKIMO SĄSAJOS

Psichologija ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 7-18
Author(s):  
Evaldas Kazlauskas ◽  
Irma Šimėnaitė ◽  
Danutė Gailienė
Keyword(s):  
Psychometric Properties ◽  
Posttraumatic Growth ◽  
Posttraumatic Stress ◽  
Traumatic Event ◽  
Life Time ◽  
Human Mind ◽  
Traumatic Experience ◽  
Traumatic Experiences ◽  
Impact Of Event Scale ◽  
Event Scale

Potrauminis augimas yra teigiami psichologiniai padariniai po traumos, kurie pasireiškia savęs suvokimo, požiūrio į pasaulį ir tarpasmeninių santykių pokyčiais (Tedeschi and Calhoun, 1996). Pozityvūs procesai po traumos dar tik pradedami tyrinėti, todėl nėra žinoma, kokios yra potrauminio augimo (PTA), trauminio įvykio intensyvumo ir potrauminio streso sutrikimo (PTSS) sąsajos. Siekiant įvertinti ryšius tarp trauminės patirties ir PTSS bei PTA, buvo ištirti 104 studentiško amžiaus jaunuoliai, per savo gyvenimą patyrę bent vieną trauminį įvykį. Tako analizės modelis parodė, kad subjektyvus trauminės patirties intensyvumasyra veiksnys, reikšmingai prognozuojantis tiek PTSS, tiek PTA. Kuo reakcija į trauminį įvykį yra stipresnė, tuo labiau išreikšti PTSS ir PTA požymiai. Nustatytas nestiprus teigiamas ryšys tarp PTSS ir PTA parodė, kad, norėdami geriau suprasti, kaip jaučiasi asmenys po traumos, turime atsižvelgti ir į teigiamus (PTA), ir į neigiamus (PTSS) traumos padarinius. Pagrindiniai žodžiai: trauma, potrauminis stresas, potrauminis augimas.RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN TRAUMA EXPOSURE, POSTTRAUMATIC GROWTH AND POSTTRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDEREvaldas Kazlauskas, Irma Šimėnaitė, Danutė Gailienė SummaryObjectives: The notion that traumatic experiences may have an impact on human mind is very old. Recent developments in psychotraumatology shifted the approach to a trauma from a purely negative to a more positive perspective. Research confirmed that traumatic events may lead not only to posttraumatic stress or other disorders, but also to positive changes. The present research was based on the concept of Posttraumatic Growth developed by Calhoun and Tedeschi (1996), which is widely known in the field of traumatic stress. Although the number of Posttraumatic Growth (PTG) research is growing rapidly, little is known about Posttraumatic Growth predictors. The present research was designed to find out the links between Posttraumatic Growth, Posttraumatic Stress and initial reactions to the traumatic event. We set up two goals of the study: 1) evaluation of how initial traumatic reactions predict PTG, and 2) assessment of links between PTG and PTSD.Methods: A group of 104 university students exposed to at least one life-time traumatic event participated in the study. The average time gap between exposure to a traumatic event and the time of research was 43 months. The intensity of initial reactions to a traumatic event was measured using a 10-item selfrating inventory developed by the authors of the present study. The Subjective Traumatic Experience (STE) inventory consisted of items covering cognitive, emotional and physiological reactions to a traumatic event. Posttraumatic Growth was measured using the Posttraumatic Growth Inventory (PGI) developed by Tedeschi and Calhoun (1996). Previous research showed satisfactory psychometric properties of the Lithuanian version of PGI (Gailienë & Kazlauskas, 2005). Posttraumatic Stress Disorder was measured using the Lithuanian version of Impact of Event Scale – Revised (IES-R). A recent validation of the IES-R on Lithuanian population showed its good psychometric properties (Kazlauskas et al., 2006).

Symptoms of Acute Posttraumatic Stress Disorder After Intensive Care

2008 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 534-543 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen Wallen ◽  
Wendy Chaboyer ◽  
Lukman Thalib ◽  
Debra K. Creedy
Keyword(s):  
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Posttraumatic Stress ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Independent Predictor ◽  
Cutoff Score ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Impact Of Event Scale ◽  
Event Scale ◽  
The Impact

Background Admission to intensive care is often a sudden and unexpected event precipitated by a life-threatening condition, 2 determinants thought to influence the development of posttraumatic stress disorder. Objectives To identify the frequency of acute symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder and to describe factors predictive of these symptoms in patients 1 month after discharge from intensive care. Methods In this prospective cohort study, all patients meeting the inclusion criteria during the study period were invited to participate. Participants completed the Impact of Event Scale-Revised, and demographic and clinical data were accessed from an intensive care unit database. Results During a 9-month period, 114 of 137 patients who met the inclusion criteria consented to participate in the study, and 100 (88%) completed it. The mean total score on the Impact of Event Scale-Revised was 17.8 (SD, 13.4; possible range, 0–88). A total of 13 participants (13%) scored higher than the cutoff score for clinical posttraumatic stress disorder. Neither sex nor length of stay was predictive of acute symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder. In multivariate analysis, the only independent predictor of symptoms was age. Patients younger than 65 years were 5.6 times (95% confidence interval, 1.17–26.89) more likely than those 65 years and older to report symptoms. Conclusion The rate of symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder 1 month after discharge from intensive care was relatively low. Consistent with findings of previous research, being younger than 65 years was the only independent predictor of symptoms.

Measuring the Meaning of Miscarriage: Revision of the Impact of Miscarriage Scale

2014 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolyn S. Huffman ◽  
Kristen Swanson ◽  
Mary R. Lynn
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analysis ◽  
Psychometric Properties ◽  
Exploratory Factor Analysis ◽  
Factor Structure ◽  
Phenomenological Study ◽  
Original Structure ◽  
Factor Solution ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
The Impact

Background and Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine a factor structure for the Impact of Miscarriage Scale (IMS). The 24 items comprising the IMS were originally derived from a phenomenological study of miscarriage in women. Initial psychometric properties were established based on a sample of 188 women (Swanson, 1999a). Method: Data from 341 couples were subjected to confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and exploratory factor analysis (EFA). Results: CFA did not confirm the original structure. EFA explained 57% of the variance through an 18-item, 4-factor structure: isolation and guilt, loss of baby, devastating event, and adjustment. Except for the Adjustment subscale, Cronbach’s alpha coefficients were ≥.78. Conclusion: Although a 3-factor solution is most defensible, with further refinement and additional items, the 4th factor (adjustment) may warrant retention.

Association between posttraumatic stress and acceptance of social changes: Findings from a general population study and proposal of a new concept

2017 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 126-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evaldas Kazlauskas ◽  
Paulina Zelviene
Keyword(s):  
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
General Population ◽  
Posttraumatic Stress ◽  
Social Factors ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Population Sample ◽  
Social Changes ◽  
Event Scale ◽  
General Population Study ◽  
The Impact

Background: There is a growing understanding of the importance of the social factors of posttraumatic stress disorder. Aims: This study expands research on association between posttraumatic stress and social factors by introducing the measure of the acceptance of social changes and evaluating possible links between posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms and acceptance of social changes. Methods: A general population sample ( n = 778) aged from 18 to 89 years ( M = 40.2) from Lithuania participated in our study, of whom 68% reported exposure to traumatic events. Posttraumatic stress reactions were measured with the Impact of Event Scale – Revised (IES-R), and acceptance of social changes was measured with the Acceptance of Social Changes Instrument (SOCHI) developed by the authors of this study. Results: About 8% of the participants had a potential posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) diagnosis. Acceptance of social changes was negatively associated with posttraumatic stress. PTSD was related to lower acceptance of social changes ( d = .61). Structural equation model (SEM) revealed the mediating role of PTSD for acceptance of social changes following trauma exposure. Conclusion: Findings of our study indicate that the acceptance of social changes might be an important psychosocial factor of PTSD.

scholarly journals Postconcussion Symptoms in Patients with Injury-Related Chronic Pain

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Britt Marie Stålnacke
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Pain ◽  
Posttraumatic Stress ◽  
Brain Injuries ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Diagnostic Value ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Impact Of Event Scale ◽  
Event Scale ◽  
Significant Relationships ◽  
Postconcussion Symptoms

Background. Postconcussion symptoms (PCSs)—such as fatigue, headache, irritability, dizziness, and impaired memory—are commonly reported in patients who have mild traumatic brain injuries (MTBIs). Evaluation of PCS after MTBI is proposed to have a diagnostic value although it is unclear whether PCS are specific to MTBI. After whiplash injuries, patients most often complain of headaches and neck pain; the other PCS are not as closely evaluated. In patients with chronic pain because of other injuries, the presence of PCS is unclear. This study aimed to describe the frequency of PCS in patients with injury-related pain and to examine the relationships between PCS, pain, and psychological factors.Methods. This study collected data using questionnaires addressing PCS (Rivermead Postconcussion Questionnaire, RPQ), pain intensity (Visual Analogue Scale), depression, anxiety (Hospital, Anxiety, and Depression Scale), and posttraumatic stress (Impact of Event Scale).Results. Fatigue (90.7%), sleep disturbance (84.9%), headache (73.5%), poor concentration (88.2%), and poor memory (67.1%) were some of the most commonly reported PCS. Significant relationships were found between PCS and posttraumatic stress, depression, and anxiety.Conclusion. To optimize treatment, it is important to assess each patient’s PCS, the mechanism of injury, and factors such as posttraumatic stress and depression.

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