scholarly journals The Impact of COVID-19 Related Lockdown on the Prevalence of Spousal Violence Against Women in Kurdistan Region of Iraq

2021 ◽  
pp. 088626052199792
Author(s):  
Kazhan I. Mahmood ◽  
Sherzad A. Shabu ◽  
Karwan M. M-Amen ◽  
Salar S. Hussain ◽  
Diana A. Kako ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Violence Against Women ◽  
Emotional Abuse ◽  
Physical Violence ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Spousal Violence ◽  
Kurdistan Region ◽  
Gender Based Violence ◽  
Effective Prevention ◽  
Gender Based ◽  
The Impact

There is increasing concern about the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and the lockdown’s social and economic consequences on gender-based violence. This study aimed to assess the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on gender-based violence by comparing the prevalence of spousal violence against women before and during the COVID-19 related lockdown periods. This study was conducted in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq using a self-administered online questionnaire survey after the COVID-19 lockdown period in June 2020. Data were collected from a sample of 346 married women about the occurrence, frequency, and forms of spousal violence before and during the lockdown period. Significant increases in violence were observed from the pre-lockdown period to the lockdown period for any violence (32.1% to 38.7%, p = .001), emotional abuse (29.5% to 35.0%, p = .005), and physical violence (12.7% to 17.6%, p = .002). Regarding emotional abuse, humiliation (24.6% to 28.3%, p = .041) and scaring or intimidation (14.2% to 21.4%, p < .001) significantly increased during the lockdown. For physical violence, twisting the arm or pulling hair (9.0% to 13.0%, p = .004) and hitting (5.2% to 9.2%, p = .003) significantly increased during the lockdown. Forcing to have sexual intercourse also significantly increased during lockdown (6.6% to 9.5%., p = .021). The concerned authorities and women’s rights organizations should collaborate to enhance the prevention of violence against women. An effective prevention strategy should emphasize recognizing and acknowledging the extent of the problem, raising awareness about the problem and the available resources to address it, and ensuring social and economic stability. Lessons learned about the increased prevalence of spousal violence against women during the COVID-19 pandemic and the need to adopt appropriate strategies to prevent and address it will be valuable for similar future crises.

GENDER-BASED VIOLENCE AMONGST WOMEN WITH DISABILITIES: A CASE STUDY OF MWENEZI DISTRICT, ZIMBABWE

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tafadzwa Rugoho ◽  
France Maphosa
Keyword(s):  
Violence Against Women ◽  
Community Perceptions ◽  
Gender Based Violence ◽  
Group Discussions ◽  
Women With Disabilities ◽  
Qualitative Research Design ◽  
Disabled Women ◽  
Gender Based ◽  
The Impact

This article is based on a study of gender-based violence against women with disabilities. The study sought to examine the factors that make such women vulnerable, to investigate the community’s responses to gender-based violence against women with disabilities, and to determine the impact of gender-based violence on the wellbeing and health of women with disabilities. The study adopted a qualitative research design so as to arrive at an in-depth understanding of the phenomenon under study. The study sample consisted of 48 disabled women living in marital or common law unions, selected using purposive sampling. Of the 48 women in the sample, 16 were visually impaired while the remaining 32 had other physical disabilities. Focus group discussions were used for data collection. The data were analysed using the thematic approach. The finding was that women with disabilities also experience gender-based violence. The study makes recommendations whose thrust is to change community perceptions on disability as the only guarantee towards eradicating gender-based violence against women with disabilities.

“The Perfect Storm”: The Rise of Gender-Based Violence in the Age of COVID-19

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janvi Huria ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Violence Against Women ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Physical Violence ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Gender Based Violence ◽  
Women Experiences ◽  
Crimes Against Women ◽  
Gender Based ◽  
Partner Violence Against Women ◽  
Perfect Storm

One in three women experiences sexual or physical violence at some point in their life (“A Staggering One-in-Three Women”, 2019). In the last 12 months alone, 243 million girls between the ages of 15 and 49 were subjected to sexual or physical violence by an intimate partner (“Violence against Women”, n.d.). During the COVID-19 pandemic, sudden shifts in routine have made this situation a “ticking time bomb” for the exponential growth in rates of crimes against women (Campbell, 2020).

scholarly journals Violence against Women in Eka Kurniawan’s Vengeance Is Mine, All Others Pay Cash

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 101
Author(s):  
Dian Febriyanti ◽  
Pratiwi Retnaningdyah
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Violence ◽  
Violence Against Women ◽  
Thematic Analysis ◽  
Physical Violence ◽  
Psychological Violence ◽  
Female Characters ◽  
Gender Based Violence ◽  
Patriarchal Culture ◽  
Verbal Violence ◽  
Gender Based

The aim of this article is to analyze the types of violence against women depicted in Eka Kurniawan’s Vengeance Is Mine, All Others Pay Cash also to reveal the process of several female characters from being disempowered (after received violence by men) to empowering themselves. Those are global and common issues that society would face every day. This study uses thematic analysis on the basis of Gender-based Violence (GBV) to categorize the type of violence based on a theory of feminist by Beauvoir and also using Naila Kabeer’s perspective to reveal that violence affect women in empower and disempower ways. The female characters that receive violence are Scarlet Blush, Iteung, Young Widow, and Jelita. The types of violence that occurred are sexual violence, physical violence, verbal violence, and psychological violence. However, the result of women’s empowerment only causes Iteung itself, she is the only one who can survive and be empowered after fighting against patriarchal culture, while Scarlet Blush is the opposite.

scholarly journals Gender-Based Violence Perpetration by Male High School Students in Eastern Ethiopia

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (15) ◽  
pp. 5536
Author(s):  
Addisu Shunu Beyene ◽  
Catherine Chojenta ◽  
Deborah J. Loxton
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Abuse ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
School Level ◽  
Male Students ◽  
Gender Based Violence ◽  
Eastern Ethiopia ◽  
Effective Prevention ◽  
Violence Perpetration ◽  
Violent Acts ◽  
Gender Based

Gender-based violence (GBV) perpetration is a global public health problem due to its detrimental effect on health and education. This study aims to determine the prevalence of gender-based violence perpetration by male students in eastern Ethiopia. A cross-sectional study was conducted in eastern Ethiopia in December 2018. A total of 1064 male students were involved in the study. Data were collected using an adaptation of the WHO Multi-Country Study self-administered questionnaire on the Women Health and Life Event. Descriptive statistics were calculated using STATA version 14. The prevalence of gender-based violence committed by a male in the last 12 months was 55.83% (95% CI: 52.84–58.82%). The prevalence of emotional abuse against an intimate or non-partner was 45.86% (95% CI: 42.87–48.86%), physical abuse was 45.77% (95% CI: 42.77–48.77%), and sexual abuse was 31.11% (95% CI: 28.32–33.90%). The perpetration of multiple types of gender-based violence (emotional, physical, and sexual) was 47.15% (95% CI: 43.15–51.25%), with 17.72% (95% CI: 14.75–21.03%) reporting emotionally and physically violent acts, 14.21% (95% CI: 11.51–17.27%) reporting emotionally violent acts only, and 12.88% (95% CI: 10.29–15.82%) reporting physically violent acts only. There were statistically significant differences between the age of participants who committed acts of all forms of GBV in the “ever” timeframe and the past 12 months (p < 0.001). Effective prevention and intervention strategies should be developed at the school level to reduce gender-based violence perpetration.

Male and Female Perceptions and Experiences of Sexual and Gender-based Violence in South Kivu, Eastern DRC

2020 ◽  
pp. 088626052098330
Author(s):  
Elyse J. Thulin ◽  
Andrew Lustig ◽  
Violette Perrotte ◽  
Marx Lwabanya ◽  
Tyler Evans
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Violence ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Democratic Republic Of Congo ◽  
Physical Violence ◽  
Gender Based Violence ◽  
Community Based ◽  
South Kivu ◽  
Gender Based ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Impact

Conflict settings are often the context of some of the highest rates of sexual and gender-based violence (SGBV). Although women are disproportionately the victims of SGBV, they are not the only victims. Indirect impacts of SGBV also impact men, families, and communities. Examining SGBV as only a woman’s concern reinforces the hegemonic gender-binary view that SGBV somehow does not include men, who can be direct victims of SGBV, family members of female victims of SGBV, and/or perpetrators of SGBV. This qualitative study seeks to fill a gap by exploring the impact of SGBV on individuals, families, and communities, and potential options to ameliorate those issues. Data were collected in 2019 from community-based discussions in South Kivu, Democratic Republic of Congo. Women described being direct victims of SGBV, as well as the burden of being at constant alert to the possible threat of violence. Men talked more about SGBV being perpetrated against women, and the indirect effect on men’s perception of their social husband and/or father role to protect and provide for their family. Taken together, women and men describe three types of violence: sexual violence by an unknown assailant who is often associated the rebel groups or the military; sexual violence from a known assailant within one’s community; and sexual or physical violence within intimate partnerships (i.e., intimate partner violence). Women focused more on community-based solutions to reduce their exposure to violence, while men discussed the government’s responsibility to end the long-standing conflict that has severely disrupted lives. Practically, these findings support the need to specify different types of SGBV, and the opportunity to tailor interventions by type.

scholarly journals The role of Circle women in curbing violence against women and girls in Africa

2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sylvia Owusu-Ansah
Keyword(s):  
West Africa ◽  
Violence Against Women ◽  
African Women ◽  
Background Information ◽  
Gender Based Violence ◽  
Women And Girls ◽  
Gender Based ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Impact

The article looks at the role Circle of Concerned African Women Theologians (the Circle) have played in the struggle to end or reduce the rate at which violence against women and girls occurs in West Africa by highlighting the contributions of older Circle women, especially the initiator of the Circle, Mercy Amba Oduyoye. The initiator of the Circle and other older Circle women have left a remarkable legacy that needs to continue by the current and future generations of the Circle. The background information examines the leadership and mentorship of Mercy Amba Oduyoye and the impact she has made in the lives of African women. The essay then looks at the types of violence that women face in West Africa with the specific contributions of Circle women in the struggle to end violence against women and girls. It then argues that Circle women have played very significant roles both in setting the pace and giving the platform for women activities to minimise gender-based violence against women and girls. Circle women have written and presented papers that have addressed many challenges including HIV and/or AIDS, Girl Child trafficking, Marriage of Minors, and almost all kinds of violence against women and girls. Currently, religious violence threatens the fabric of African nations causing insecurity and panic, women and girls being the most vulnerable. The challenge to the present and future Circle members is to contribute in significant ways towards religious harmony in Africa and beyond. The Circle acknowledges the leadership role of women and encourages them to spearhead the liberation of women as well as empower them to be able to aspire to get to the top or become independent. No one understands what someone else feels better than the person experiencing the ordeal. Women can better understand what they go through and also have the passion to strive towards liberation.Intradisciplinary and/or interdisciplinary implications: In this article, the discipline of practical theology combines with elements of social science and Gender Studies, bringing out the Circle�s contribution towards the eradication of religious and cultural and gender violence against women and girls in Ghana and Africa.Keywords: Circle; Theology; gender-based violence; Mercy Amba Oduyoye; West Africa

The Impact of Adjacent Laws on Implementing Violence Against Women Laws: Legal Violence in the Lives of Costa Rican Women

2020 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 432-459
Author(s):  
Erin Adamson ◽  
Cecilia Menjívar ◽  
Shannon Drysdale Walsh
Keyword(s):  
Costa Rica ◽  
Violence Against Women ◽  
Gender Based Violence ◽  
Social Violence ◽  
State Institutions ◽  
Legal Violence ◽  
Gender Based ◽  
Implementation Gaps ◽  
Forms Of Violence ◽  
The Impact

Most scholarship addressing implementation gaps of violence against women (VAW) laws focuses on countries with high levels of violence in the lives of women—accompanied by weak policing and judicial responses. These studies tend to argue that the most egregious forms of political or social violence explain this gap. However, there has been little attention to countries with lower levels of gender-based violence and relatively responsive state institutions. We analyze the application of VAW laws in Costa Rica, with a focus on the impact of adjacent laws, or laws that are seemingly unrelated to VAW laws but are applied in tandem with and often in conflict with VAW laws. Based on a decade of fieldwork in Costa Rica, we argue that adjacent laws on land, labor, and immigration can be leveraged in ways that undermine the interpretation and implementation of VAW laws. These failures constitute legal violence: the normalized but cumulatively injurious effects of laws that can result in various forms of violence. While legal violence causes implementation gaps in almost every country, our case study reveals that the underlying sociolegal system upon which these laws rest contributes to a significant gap between VAW laws and practice.

scholarly journals Female exposed to violence at Beni Suef governorate (Egypt) "2010-2014"

2019 ◽  
pp. 01-11
Author(s):  
Sherien Salah Ghaleb ◽  
Dalia Abd Elwhab Hassan ◽  
Amr Reda Zaki ◽  
Ahmed Jamal Sobhi Abdulla
Keyword(s):  
Violence Against Women ◽  
Causes Of Death ◽  
Physical Violence ◽  
Legal Aspects ◽  
General Term ◽  
Role Expectations ◽  
Power Relationships ◽  
Gender Based Violence ◽  
Women And Girls ◽  
Gender Based

Background: Violence has always been part of the human experience. Its impact can be seen, in various forms, in all parts of the world. Overall, violence is among the leading causes of death worldwide for people aged 15-44 years. “Gender-based violence (GBV) is the general term used to capture violence that occurs as a result of the normative role expectations associated with each gender, along with the unequal power relationships between the two genders, within the context of a specific society.” While women, girls, men and boys can be victims of GBV, the main focus of this resource package is on violence against women and girls. Methodology: Data was retrieved from achieves of Beni Suef medico legal area from January 2010 to December 2014. Aim of the work: The present study was done to demonstrate medico legal aspects of violence against females. Conclusion: The study revealed that wives who faced violence were significantly young; exposure to violence indoors was less common than outdoors. Physical violence had several forms; the most common of which was blunt injuries followed by firearm, cut wounds, thermal, violent asphyxia, stabs, multiple (blunt+sharp), Neglicance and finally Carbamate toxicity. Keywords: Violence against women and Egypt

scholarly journals Istanbul Convention, Honour Killings and Turkey’s Experience

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-99
Author(s):  
Ulviyya Mammadova ◽  
Kristi Joamets
Keyword(s):  
Domestic Violence ◽  
Violence Against Women ◽  
Legal Protection ◽  
Legal Issue ◽  
Prevention Measures ◽  
Gender Based Violence ◽  
Effective Prevention ◽  
Domestic Violence Against Women ◽  
Gender Based ◽  
Istanbul Convention

Summary The problem of domestic violence against women (DVAW) is a global concern and pivotal point which is still waiting for necessary radical measures to prevent it. Honour related violence is a phenomenon and special form of domestic violence against women that affects every country. For decades, honour killings have been a topical legal issue in Turkey. This article highlights the positive changes of Turkey’s legislation after ratification of the Istanbul Convention, which provides legal protection and prevention measures to help women and their families and shows how important it was for Turkey to implement the Convention in order to prevent these crimes. The authors shed light to the point that Turkey has done much to implement the Istanbul Convention, but male-dominated mentality, still hampers the effective prevention of gender-based violence. Article analyses the importance of the Istanbul Convention in Turkey through the “Unjust Provocation” concept and Law No. 6284 which was adopted by Turkey after ratification of the Convention.

Assessing the Impact of the Violence Against Women Act

2022 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 115-131
Author(s):  
Leigh Goodmark
Keyword(s):  
Violence Against Women ◽  
Legal System ◽  
Gender Based Violence ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Violence Against Women Act ◽  
Legal Response ◽  
Underlying Causes ◽  
Gender Based ◽  
Criminal Legal System ◽  
The Impact

The Violence Against Women Act (VAWA) has been hailed as the federal government's signature legislation responding to gender-based violence. VAWA, passed in 1994 and reauthorized three times since then, has created several new programs and protections for victims of gender-based violence. VAWA is, however, primarily a funding bill and what it primarily funds is the criminal legal system. But the criminal legal response to gender-based violence has not been effective in decreasing rates of gender-based violence or deterring violence. A VAWA that discontinued funding for the criminal legal system and instead focused on economics, prevention, and community-based resources—a noncarceral VAWA—could better meet the needs of victims of gender-based violence and target the underlying causes of that violence.

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