Effectiveness of a Sexual Assault Self-defense Program for American Indian Girls

2021 ◽  
pp. 088626052199794
Author(s):  
Katie M. Edwards ◽  
Laura Siller ◽  
Lorey A. Wheeler ◽  
Leon Leader Charge ◽  
Damon P. Leader Charge ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Native American ◽  
High Schools ◽  
Sexual Assault ◽  
Sexual Harassment ◽  
American Indian ◽  
Sexual Violence ◽  
Dating Violence ◽  
The United States ◽  
Self Defense ◽  
Physical Dating Violence

This study evaluated the effectiveness of a 6-session (12-hour) empowerment self-defense classroom delivered curriculum (i.e., IMpower) among American Indian girls. Girls ( N = 74) in one middle school and two high schools on an Indian Reservation in the Great Plains region of the United States received the intervention and completed a pre-test and a post-test six months following the final program session. The surveys administered assessed hypothesized intermediary (i.e., efficacy to resist a sexual assault, self-defense knowledge), primary (i.e., sexual violence victimization), and secondary (i.e., physical dating violence, sexual harassment) outcomes. Native American girls ( N = 181) in five middle schools and three high schools in a nearby city where there was no sexual assault prevention occurring completed surveys assessing sexual violence, physical dating violence, and sexual harassment victimization approximately six months apart, thus serving as a comparison to girls in the treatment condition on primary and secondary outcomes. Girls exposed to the IMpower program reported significant increases over time in efficacy to resist a sexual assault and knowledge of effective resistance strategies. Furthermore, propensity score analyses suggested that girls who received the IMpower program reported significantly fewer types of sexual assault and sexual harassment at follow-up compared to girls in the control condition. However, no effect was found for physical dating violence. These data suggest that empowerment self-defense is a promising approach in preventing sexual assault and sexual harassment among American Indian girls.

Dating Violence, Sexual Assault, and Sexual Harassment Victimization Among Girls on an Indian Reservation: An Examination of Rates and Risk and Protective Factors

2021 ◽  
pp. 107780122110120
Author(s):  
Katie M. Edwards ◽  
Laura Siller ◽  
Damon Leader Charge ◽  
Simone Bordeaux ◽  
Leon Leader Charge
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Native American ◽  
Sexual Assault ◽  
Sexual Harassment ◽  
Dating Violence ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Indian Reservation ◽  
Middle School Girls ◽  
High School Girls ◽  
School Girls

We documented the scope and correlates of past 6-month victimization among middle and high school girls on an Indian Reservation. Participants were 102 Native American girls in Grades 6-12. Rates of all forms of past 6-month victimization were higher for high school girls compared with middle school girls. In regression analyses, binge drinking related to higher rates of sexual assault and sexual harassment. Furthermore, connection to culture related to lower rates of sexual harassment, and efficacy to resist a sexual assault was related to lower rates of sexual assault and sexual harassment.

scholarly journals #MeToo and Google Inquiries Into Sexual Violence: A Hashtag Campaign Can Sustain Information Seeking

2019 ◽  
pp. 088626051986819 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelle R. Kaufman ◽  
Debangan Dey ◽  
Ciprian Crainiceanu ◽  
Mark Dredze
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Abuse ◽  
Sexual Assault ◽  
Sexual Harassment ◽  
Sexual Violence ◽  
Information Seeking ◽  
The United States ◽  
Study Objective ◽  
The Media ◽  
Talk Show Host ◽  
Google Search

The #MeToo Movement has brought new attention to sexual harassment and assault. While the movement originates with activist Tarana Burke, actor Alyssa Milano used the phrase on Twitter in October 2017 in response to multiple sexual harassment allegations against Hollywood producer Harvey Weinstein. Within 24 hours, 53,000 people tweeted comments and/or shared personal experiences of sexual violence. The study objective was to measure how information seeking via Google searches for sexual harassment and assault changed following Milano’s tweet and whether this change was sustained in spite of celebrity scandals. Weekly Google search inquiries in the United States were downloaded for the terms metoo, sexual assault, sexual harassment, sexual abuse, and rape for January 1, 2017 to July 15, 2018. Seven related news events about perpetrator accusations were considered. Results showed that searches for metoo increased dramatically after the Weinstein accusation and stayed high during subsequent accusations. A small decrease in searches followed, but the number remained very high relative to baseline (the period before the Weinstein accusation). Searches for sexual assault and sexual harassment increased substantially immediately following the Weinstein accusation, stayed high during subsequent accusations, and saw a decline after the accusation of Matt Lauer (talk show host; last event considered). We estimated a 40% to 70% reduction in searches 6 months after the Lauer accusation, though the increase in searches relative to baseline remained statistically significant. For sexual abuse and rape, the number of searches returned close to baseline by 6 months. It appears that the #MeToo movement sparked greater information seeking that was sustained beyond the associated events. Given its recent ubiquitous use in the media and public life, hashtag activism such as #MeToo can be used to draw further attention to the next steps in addressing sexual assault and harassment, moving public web inquiries from information seeking to action.

scholarly journals Factor Analysis of the Administrator-Research Campus Climate Collaborative (ARC3) Survey

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (1_suppl) ◽  
pp. 54S-69S
Author(s):  
Donna Scott Tilley ◽  
Wanyi Wang ◽  
Ann Kolodetsky ◽  
Paul Yeatts
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Sexual Assault ◽  
Sexual Harassment ◽  
Dating Violence ◽  
Title Ix ◽  
Campus Climate ◽  
Sexual Misconduct ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The United States

Sexual assault, dating violence, stalking, and sexual harassment present serious challenges to the health and well-being of college students across the United States. An estimated one in five female college students is sexually assaulted during college. Under the federal protection of Title IX, institutions of higher education are responsible for addressing sexual harassment and sexual misconduct as forms of discrimination, thus campus climate surveys are increasingly being conducted in campus settings to examine student beliefs and experiences about sexual assault, dating violence, stalking, sexual harassment, and related campus prevention and response efforts. The Administrator-Researcher Campus Climate Collaborative (ARC3) Campus Climate Survey was designed to assess a range of Title IX violations that include sexual harassment, dating violence, and sexual misconduct victimization and perpetration. This article used a sample of students drawn from seven universities to assess the psychometric properties of the ARC3 survey. Specifically, factor analysis (exploratory and confirmatory) was used to examine the factor structure of each module of the ARC3 survey. Results indicated that the majority of modules within the ARC3 survey were valid and reliable. Recommendations are provided for university administration to utilize a scorecard approach in order to get a brief but comprehensive view of campus safety status.

scholarly journals Experiences and Correlates of Violence Among American Indian and Alaska Native Youth: A Brief Report

2020 ◽  
pp. 088626052098327
Author(s):  
Katie M. Edwards ◽  
Victoria L. Banyard ◽  
Leon Leader Charge ◽  
Laura M. Mercer Kollar ◽  
Beverly Fortson
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Assault ◽  
Sexual Harassment ◽  
American Indian ◽  
Dating Violence ◽  
Alaska Native ◽  
Older Youth ◽  
Native Youth ◽  
Heterosexual Youth ◽  
Forms Of Violence ◽  
Culturally Grounded Prevention

The purpose of this paper is to document the scope and correlates of past 6-month victimization among American Indian (AI) and Alaska Native (AN) youth. Types of victimization under investigation included sexual assault, dating violence, bullying, sharing of nude photos, sexual harassment, homophobic teasing, and racism. Participants were 400 AI and AN youth in grades 7–10 who completed a survey in school. Results documented concerning rates of all forms of victimization among AI and AN youth during the past 6 months. Although most forms of victimization were related, bullying (at school and electronically), racism, and sexual harassment occurred more often than sexual assault and dating violence. Older youth, girls, and sexual minorities were more likely to report some forms of violence than younger youth, boys, and heterosexual youth respectively. Compared to nonvictims, victim status was consistently related to depressive symptoms, suicidal ideation, and alcohol use and was less consistently correlated with feelings of school mattering. Evidence-based, culturally grounded prevention and response efforts are needed for AI and AN youth, as well as broader initiatives that seek to reduce health disparities among AI and AN youth.

The Right to Bodily Integrity

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alison Brysk
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Assault ◽  
Sexual Violence ◽  
Public Space ◽  
Transitional Justice ◽  
The United States ◽  
Bodily Integrity ◽  
Global Pattern ◽  
Popular Resistance ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Right

In Chapter 7, we profile the global pattern of sexual violence. We will consider conflict rape and transitional justice response in Peru and Colombia, along with the plight of women displaced by conflict from Syria and Central America, and limited international policy response. State-sponsored sexual violence and popular resistance to reclaim public space will be chronicled in Egypt as well as Mexico. We will track intensifying public sexual assault amid social crisis in Turkey, South Africa, and India, which has been met by a wide range of public protest, legal reform, and policy change. For a contrasting experience of the privatization of sexual assault in developed democracies, we will trace campus, workplace, and military rape in the United States.

scholarly journals Associations of Relationship Experiences, Dating Violence, Sexual Harassment, and Assault With Alcohol Use Among Sexual and Gender Minority Adolescents

2021 ◽  
pp. 088626052110014
Author(s):  
W. J. Kiekens ◽  
L. Baams ◽  
J. N. Fish ◽  
R. J. Watson
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Assault ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Sexual Harassment ◽  
Dating Violence ◽  
Heavy Episodic Drinking ◽  
Gender Minority ◽  
Minority Adolescents ◽  
Relationship Experiences ◽  
Sexual And Gender Minority ◽  
And Gender

Sexual and gender minority (SGM) adolescents report higher rates of dating violence victimization compared with their heterosexual and cisgender peers. Research on dating violence often neglects diversity in sexual and gender identities and is limited to experiences in relationships. Further, given that dating violence and alcohol use are comorbid, research on experiences of dating violence could provide insights into alcohol use disparities among SGM adolescents. We aimed to map patterns of relationship experiences, sexual and physical dating violence, and sexual and physical assault and explored differences in these experiences among SGM adolescents. Further, we examined how these patterns explained alcohol use. We used a U.S. non-probability national web-based survey administered to 13–17-year-old SGM adolescents ( N = 12,534). Using latent class analyses, four patterns were identified: low relationship experience, dating violence and harassment and assault (72.0%), intermediate dating experiences, sexual harassment, and assault and low levels of dating violence (13.1%), high dating experiences, dating violence, and sexual assault (8.6%), and high dating experiences, dating violence, and sexual harassment and assault (6.3%). Compared to lesbian and gay adolescents, bisexual adolescents reported more experiences with dating, dating violence, and sexual assault, whereas heterosexual adolescents reported fewer experiences with dating, dating violence, and sexual harassment and assault. Compared to cisgender boys, cisgender girls, transgender boys, and non-binary/assigned male at birth adolescents were more likely to experience dating violence inside and outside of relationship contexts. Experiences of dating, dating violence, and sexual harassment and assault were associated with both drinking frequency and heavy episodic drinking. Together, the findings emphasize the relevance of relationship experiences when studying dating violence and how dating violence and sexual harassment and assault might explain disparities in alcohol use.

scholarly journals Shared Risk Factors for the Perpetration of Physical Dating Violence, Bullying, and Sexual Harassment Among Adolescents Exposed to Domestic Violence

2016 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 672-686 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vangie A. Foshee ◽  
H. Luz McNaughton Reyes ◽  
May S. Chen ◽  
Susan T. Ennett ◽  
Kathleen C. Basile ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Domestic Violence ◽  
Sexual Harassment ◽  
Dating Violence ◽  
Physical Dating Violence ◽  
Shared Risk

American Indian Activism after 1945

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bradley Shreve
Keyword(s):  
Native American ◽  
World War Ii ◽  
American Indian ◽  
American Indians ◽  
Energy Resource ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The United States ◽  
Native People ◽  
Treaty Rights ◽  
1960S And 1970S

American Indian activism after 1945 was as much a part of the larger, global decolonization movement rooted in centuries of imperialism as it was a direct response to the ethos of civic nationalism and integration that had gained momentum in the United States following World War II. This ethos manifested itself in the disastrous federal policies of termination and relocation, which sought to end federal services to recognized Indian tribes and encourage Native people to leave reservations for cities. In response, tribal leaders from throughout Indian Country formed the National Congress of American Indians (NCAI) in 1944 to litigate and lobby for the collective well-being of Native peoples. The NCAI was the first intertribal organization to embrace the concepts of sovereignty, treaty rights, and cultural preservation—principles that continue to guide Native activists today. As American Indian activism grew increasingly militant in the late 1960s and 1970s, civil disobedience, demonstrations, and takeovers became the preferred tactics of “Red Power” organizations such as the National Indian Youth Council (NIYC), the Indians of All Tribes, and the American Indian Movement (AIM). At the same time, others established more focused efforts that employed less confrontational methods. For example, the Native American Rights Fund (NARF) served as a legal apparatus that represented Native nations, using the courts to protect treaty rights and expand sovereignty; the Council of Energy Resource Tribes (CERT) sought to secure greater returns on the mineral wealth found on tribal lands; and the American Indian Higher Education Consortium (AIHEC) brought Native educators together to work for greater self-determination and culturally rooted curricula in Indian schools. While the more militant of these organizations and efforts have withered, those that have exploited established channels have grown and flourished. Such efforts will no doubt continue into the unforeseeable future so long as the state of Native nations remains uncertain.

Sexual Assault Prevention for Women With Intellectual Disabilities: A Critical Review of the Evidence

2009 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 249-262 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erin Barger ◽  
Julia Wacker ◽  
Rebecca Macy ◽  
Susan Parish
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Assault ◽  
Intellectual Disabilities ◽  
Sexual Violence ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
The United States ◽  
Prevention Research ◽  
Sexual Assault Prevention ◽  
Comprehensive Search ◽  
Assault Prevention ◽  
Violence Prevention Programs

Abstract Although research has indicated that women with intellectual disabilities are significantly burdened with sexual violence, there is a dearth of sexual assault prevention research for them. To help address this serious knowledge gap, the authors summarize the findings of general sexual assault prevention research and discuss its implications for women with intellectual disabilities. Next, the authors evaluate interventions published in both the peer-reviewed and non–peer-reviewed literature from a comprehensive search of the scientific literature as well as from recommendations made by disability and sexual assault service providers in the United States. The results of this comprehensive literature review found 4 sexual violence prevention programs that were designed for participants with intellectual disabilities and that had undergone some type of evaluation. Each program and its evaluation are critically and systematically reviewed. Based on the authors' review of these programs as well as the wider literature, they conclude with recommendations and discuss the work that remains to decrease the incidence of sexual violence against women with intellectual disabilities.

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