Referenced but Not Linear?

2016 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 179-200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kacper Rekawek
Keyword(s):  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Threat Perception ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
Central Eastern Europe ◽  
Central Eastern ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Copy And Paste ◽  
Distinguishing Features

This article contextualizes the seemingly robust Central-Eastern European reactions to terrorist events in Western Europe, whilst examining the difference between how counterterrorism (CT) in Central-Eastern Europe looks in theory and how it works in practice. It constitutes the first comparative study, across eight case studies, focusing solely on CT-related issues of the post-2004 EU entrants, and one of the very first assessing CT developments in post-communist Europe available in English. The article addresses a serious gap in terrorism studies that are oriented towards works on terrorism or CT in Western Europe. It sets out five distinguishing features of CT routines in Central-Eastern Europe and consequently argues that Central-Eastern Europeans “reference” their CT arrangements from Western Europe in a copy and paste manner. Moreover, the Central-Eastern European CT, unlike that of their CT “referees” from Western Europe, is not linear in nature and does not stem from the local threat perception being filtered through CT legacies (developed norms, practices, and routines). By thematically analysing the haphazard manner in which the Central-Eastern Europeans develop their CT legacies, and depicting how eager they are in adopting the Western European rationale for countering a threat that is hardly present in their region, the article provides new empirical basis (derived from qualitative data, including sixty interviews with Central-Eastern European CT experts and officials) for a far-reaching argument about a West-East (old EU–new EU) divide on CT in Europe.

Coalition Governance in Western Europe

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Torbjörn Bergman ◽  
Bäck Hanna ◽  
Hellström Johan
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Formation Process ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Party Systems ◽  
Final Phase ◽  
Central Eastern Europe ◽  
Three Stages ◽  
Central Eastern ◽  
Western European

This chapter describes the ambitions of the volume. First, we build on the lessons from earlier studies of governments in Western and Central Eastern Europe to deepen our understanding of the coalition life cycle, covering the three stages of a government’s ‘life’, beginning with the formation process, then turning to the governance stage, and lastly turning to the final phase when governments eventually terminate. Second, we seek to capture how recent changes in the Western European party systems, which are also described here, influence the various stages of the coalition life cycle. Third, we are in particular interested in how coalition partners cooperate and make policy once a government has formed, aiming to contribute to the growing literature on the topic of coalition governance. The chapter ends with a description of the content of the volume.

The Coalition Life-cycle in Central Eastern Europe

2019 ◽  
pp. 522-576
Author(s):  
Torbjörn Bergman ◽  
Gabriella Ilonszki ◽  
Wolfgang C. Müller
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Party System ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Initial Growth ◽  
Central Eastern Europe ◽  
Coalition Politics ◽  
Central Eastern ◽  
Number Of Parties ◽  
Electoral Performance

This volume analyses the coalition life-cycle in ten countries in Central Eastern Europe, from pre-electoral alliances to government formation and portfolio distribution, to governing in coalitions, the events that eventually lead to a government termination, and electoral performance of coalition parties. This final chapter summarizes the main patterns of coalition politics and compares among the ten countries. In terms of the three models of coalition governance Hungary comes closest to the Dominant Prime Minister Model, Lithuania and Latvia approach the Ministerial Government Model, and Slovenia comes closest to the Coalition Compromise Model. The chapter also discusses how these findings contrast with the general patterns known from the literature on coalition politics in Western Europe. A few of the patterns of coalition politics are similar, including the relative frequency of different types of coalition governments and the increase and spread of the use of coalition governance mechanisms, such as written coalition contracts. Other features are more distinct: there have been fewer single-party governments and there is a stronger tendency to the Ministerial Government Model than in Western Europe. Over time, processes of learning and adjustment to coalition governance can be identified, however without a linear and general trend. Much of the change is rooted in party system changes, for instance the reversal of the initial growth of new political parties and the recent decline of the effective number of parties (ENP). While a less tangible result, the chapters also stress the role of personalities and animosities to impact coalition considerations.

Migrant-averse Central-Eastern Europe will lose growth

2018 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Lower Cost ◽  
Population Ageing ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Central Eastern Europe ◽  
Labour Costs ◽  
Working Age ◽  
Producer Prices ◽  
Central Eastern

Subject Looming demographic decline in Central-Eastern Europe. Significance The populations of Central-Eastern Europe (CEE) are declining because of emigration and low birth rates, the region’s population being set to fall until 2050 by an average of 0.5% a year. With the working-age population falling even faster, the demographic crisis raises questions about the region’s growth model, which has relied heavily on integrating its pool of lower-cost labour into European supply chains. Impacts Internal imbalances will worsen, with less economically successful regions disproportionately affected, some facing severe depopulation. Population ageing could exacerbate CEE’s turn towards populism, particularly as its pensioners are often among the less well-off. Rising CEE labour costs will push up producer prices in Western Europe, many of whose manufacturers rely on CEE production or suppliers.

scholarly journals FC 073REGIONAL EFFICACY AND SAFETY RESULTS OF ROXADUSTAT COMPARED WITH PLACEBO OR DARBEPOETIN ALFA IN NON-DIALYSIS-DEPENDENT (NDD) CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE (CKD) PATIENTS WITH ANAEMIA

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nada Dimkovic ◽  
Ciro Esposito ◽  
Jonathan Barratt ◽  
Christophe Mariat ◽  
Evgeny Shutov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Darbepoetin Alfa ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Rescue Therapy ◽  
Regional Analysis ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Efficacy And Safety ◽  
Central Eastern Europe ◽  
Central Eastern ◽  
Rbc Transfusion

Abstract Background and Aims Roxadustat regulates erythropoiesis and iron metabolism through hypoxia-inducible factor prolyl hydroxylase inhibition. This regional analysis evaluated efficacy and safety for roxadustat versus placebo/darbepoetin alfa (DA) in NDD CKD patients with anaemia. Method Results from three, double-blind phase 3 studies comparing roxadustat to placebo (ALPS, ANDES, OLYMPUS) in patients with anaemia and stage 3-5 NDD CKD were pooled and evaluated alongside results of an open-label study comparing roxadustat to DA (DOLOMITES) in the same population. Efficacy outcomes were compared in three regions (Europe, US, and other) in placebo-controlled studies (PCS) and two regions (Western Europe/Israel and Central/Eastern Europe) in the DA-controlled study (DCS). The primary efficacy endpoint in Europe was haemoglobin (Hb) response, defined as Hb ≥11.0 g/dL that changed from baseline (CFB) by ≥1.0 g/dL in patients with Hb >8.0 g/dL or as CFB ≥2.0 g/dL in patients with Hb ≤8.0 g/dL. The secondary efficacy endpoint was Hb CFB to Weeks 28-36 without rescue therapy (intravenous iron, red blood cell [RBC] transfusion, or erythropoiesis-stimulating agent [ESA] for PCS; RBC transfusion or ESA [roxadustat only] for DCS). Incidence of treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs) was summarised descriptively in two regions in PCS (Europe and non-Europe) and two regions in DCS (Western Europe/Israel and Central/Eastern Europe). Results A total of 4886 patients were randomised (2709 roxadustat; 1884 placebo; 293 DA). A significantly greater proportion of patients in all regions who received roxadustat had a Hb response without rescue therapy vs placebo (Europe: 77.9% vs 16.5%, difference of proportion [DOP] 61.4%, 95% CI: 56.5-66.2; US: 75.4% vs 8.3%, DOP 67.2%, 95% CI: 62.7-71.6; and other: 83.4% vs 5.5%, DOP 78.0%, 95% CI: 75.4-80.5) and a numerically greater proportion in both regions vs DA (Western Europe/Israel: 93.9% vs 83.5%, DOP 10.4%, 95% CI: 1.2-19.6; Central/Eastern Europe: 86.5% vs 75.4%, DOP 10.9%, 95% CI: 3.6-18.3). Mean Hb CFB was significantly greater with roxadustat vs placebo in Europe (2.01 vs 0.37 g/dL, LSMD 1.70, 95% CI: 1.55-1.84), US (1.80 vs 0.21 g/dL, LSMD 1.67, 95% CI: 1.53-1.82), and other (1.80 vs 0.06 g/dL, LSMD 1.77, 95% CI: 1.64-1.89) (all P<0.0001) and similar vs DA in Western Europe/Israel (1.64 vs 1.75 g/dL, LSMD -0.03, 95% CI: -0.30 to 0.23, P=0.80) and Central/Eastern Europe (1.94 vs 1.88 g/dL, LSMD 0.03, 95% CI: -0.14 to 0.21, P=0.72). The range in incidence for select TEAEs (arteriovenous fistula thrombosis, deep vein thrombosis, nausea, and seizure) was: 0.3-8.4% for roxadustat and 0.2-4.3% for placebo in Europe; 0.8-10.8% for roxadustat and 0.1-7.0% for placebo in non-Europe; 0-12.1% for roxadustat and 0-11.8% for DA in Western Europe/Israel; 0.4-6.3% for roxadustat and 0-3.4% for DA in Central/Eastern Europe. Conclusion In patients with anaemia and stage 3-5 NDD CKD, roxadustat was more effective than placebo for correcting Hb and generating Hb response without rescue therapy in Europe, the US, and other countries. It was similarly effective as DA for correcting Hb and generating a Hb response without rescue therapy in Western Europe/Israel and Central/Eastern Europe. The incidence of select TEAEs was comparable and relatively low in all regions.

scholarly journals Consequences of Employing Different Exchange Rate Regimes in the Situation of Financial Crisis on the Example of Central-Eastern European Countries

Equilibrium ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-49
Author(s):  
Dorota Zbierzchowska
Keyword(s):  
Exchange Rate ◽  
Financial Crisis ◽  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Exchange Rate Regimes ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Central Eastern Europe ◽  
Central Eastern ◽  
Eastern European Countries

It is characteristic for the countries of Central-Eastern Europe to employ a great variety of exchange rate regimes: by resigning from their own currency and participating in monetary unions through the systems of currency board arrangement; by employing the systems of conventional fixed pegged arrangements; and by the floating systems. In the situation of global financial crisis and liberalization of capital flow in the Central-Eastern Europe countries profits and dangers of using certain solutions in the scope of exchange rate are clearly visible. The aim of this paper is to present theoretical profits and costs of utilizing various kinds of exchange rate regimes and their consequences for the autonomy of monetary policy. The paper also compares contemporary economical situation of the Central-Eastern European countries, what allows the author to indicate those countries, where the limitations stemming from the accepted system of exchange rate had negative consequences for the condition of their economy in general.

scholarly journals Expected features and the behavior of talented leaders in the three sectors of the Polish economy in context with other Central-Eastern European Countries

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (4-1) ◽  
pp. 81-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Łukasz Haromszeki
Keyword(s):  
Eastern Europe ◽  
International Research ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
Organizational Leaders ◽  
Central Eastern Europe ◽  
Central Eastern ◽  
Polish Economy ◽  
Eastern European Countries ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Leadership Research

Abstract In this article the author attempts to analyze the expected features and behavior of talented leaders existing in the three sectors of the Polish economy according to presented literature the meaning of talent. The author presents confrontation between the most popular ways to explore talented individuals connected with IQ tests and a more adequate solution based on a practical approach. The in-depth diagnosis of the problems presents the basic expectations of employees towards organizational leaders in the three sectors of the Polish economy - public, private and NGO. The formulated questions in this article are appropriate for the needs of the first stage of leadership research. The conducted study shows expectations of employees from the last 23 years since the transformation of Poland and the 6 to 8 years since ISO standards were implemented in different Polish organizations and European Funds have supported Polish entrepreneurs and their personnel. In this article it also shows the results of international research about expectations of employees and future managers towards organizational leaders in different countries in Central-Eastern Europe.

Coalition Governance in Central Eastern Europe

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Political Transformation ◽  
Parliamentary Democracies ◽  
Central Eastern Europe ◽  
Coalition Politics ◽  
Governance Systems ◽  
Central Eastern ◽  
Electoral Performance

Coalitions among political parties govern most of Europe’s parliamentary democracies. Traditionally, the study of coalition politics has been focused on Western Europe. Coalition governance in Central Eastern Europe brings the study of the full coalition life-cycle to a region that has undergone tremendous political transformation, but which has not been studied from this perspective. The volume covers Bulgaria, Estonia, the Czech Republic, Latvia, Lithuania, Hungary, Poland, Romania, Slovakia, and Slovenia. It provides information and analyses of the cycle, from pre-electoral alliances to coalition formation and portfolio distribution, governing in coalitions, the stages that eventually lead to a government termination, and the electoral performance of coalition parties. In Central Eastern Europe, few single-party cabinets form and there have been only a few early elections. The evidence provided shows that coalition partners in the region write formal agreements (coalition agreements) to an extent that is similar to the patterns that we find in Western Europe, but also that they adhere less closely to these contracts. While the research on Western Europe tends to stress that coalition partners emphasize coalition compromise and mutual supervision, there is more evidence of ‘ministerial government’ by individual ministers and ministries. There are also a few coalition governance systems that are heavily dominated by the prime minister. No previous study has covered the full coalition life-cycle in all of the ten countries with as much detail. Systematic information is presented in 10 figures and in more than one hundred tables.

scholarly journals Determination of nest occupation and breeding effect of the white stork by human-mediated landscape in Western Poland

2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 4148-4158 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanna T. Bialas ◽  
Łukasz Dylewski ◽  
Marcin Tobolka
Keyword(s):  
Land Cover ◽  
Habitat Quality ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
European Population ◽  
White Stork ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
Central Eastern Europe ◽  
Nest Sites ◽  
White Storks ◽  
Central Eastern

AbstractChoosing an appropriate nest site is essential for successful breeding. Changes in land use cause populations of many species to decline although some species adapt to anthropogenic changes. The white stork Ciconia ciconia commonly uses artificial nest sites. Recently, white storks from Western Europe have been using landfills as feeding sites; the beginnings of this process are being observed in Central-Eastern Europe. The study aimed to determine factors influencing the probability of nest occupation and breeding effect in a Central-Eastern European population of white storks. We used long-term data from Western Poland on breeding effect, nest occupation, the structure supporting the nest, the proximity of the nearest landfills, landfill area, and land cover. The probability of nest occupation was significantly dependent on habitat quality (based on the share of the preferred type of land cover), the structure supporting the nest, and landfill proximity within a specific year. The breeding effect was influenced by habitat quality and nesting structure. We demonstrate that the type of nesting structure is an important factor influencing both the probability of nest reoccupation and breeding effect. However, the significance of landfills appears to be growing, and in recent years, storks prefer occupying nests closer to landfills, which may have significant consequences for the population of the white stork.

scholarly journals A munkával kapcsolatos értékek és attitűdök változása Közép-Kelet Európában a XXI. század első évtizedében (Changing values and attitudes regarding labour in Central- Eastern Europe in the first decade of 21st century)

2012 ◽  
pp. 23-35
Author(s):  
Ágnes Borgulya Istvánné Vető
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Eastern Europe ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Living Standard ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
Social Changes ◽  
Central Eastern Europe ◽  
Similar Tendency ◽  
Central Eastern ◽  
Eastern European Countries

A szerző tanulmányában a 2000 és 2010 közötti gazdasági és társadalmi változásokat és a munkával kapcsolatos értékek és attitűdök alakulását állítja időbeli párhuzamba, és azokra a kérdésekre keresi a választ, hogy milyen prioritások jellemzik 2010-ben a munka egyes aspektusaihoz való viszonyulást Közép-Kelet- Európa uniós tagállamaiban, és közöttük kiemelten Magyarországon? Vajon változtak-e ezek a jellemzők az elmúlt tíz év során, s ha igen, milyen irányú az elmozdulás. Azonos tendenciájúak-e a változások a vizsgált országokban? Megállapíthatók-e jellegzetes különbségek három kiválasztott, magas életszínvonalú, régebbi uniós (EU-15) tagországhoz viszonyítva? Elemzése jelentős mértékben támaszkodik az EVSfelmérés 2010-ben közzétett adataira, melynek alapját a 2008 és 2009 során lefolytatott adatgyűjtés képezi. Tanulmányában azokra a közép-kelet-európai országokra összpontosít, amelyek az elmúlt évtized során az unió tagjai lettek, és a 2000-es felmérésben is részt vettek már. _____ The author sets into parallelism economic and social changes and the development of values and attitudes regarding labour between 2000 and 2010, and looks for answers to questions what priorities characterize in 2010 the attitude to some aspects of labour in EU member countries of CEE, and especially in Hungary. Have these features changed in the last decade and in positive case, what is the direction of the shift? Are changes of similar tendency in countries under consideration? Can considerable differences be stated as compared to three selected, earlier EU 15 member countries with high living standard? The analysis largely relies on data of EVS survey, published in 2010 whose basis is the data collection carried out in 2008-2009. The essay focuses on Central Eastern European countries which have become members of the Union during the last decade and took part already in the survey of 2000.

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