On mechanical, thermal and morphological investigations of almond skin powder-reinforced polylactic acid feedstock filament

The almond skin powder is one of the biodegradable and biocompatible food wastes that can be used as reinforcement in polylactic acid (PLA) for preparation of biomedical scaffolds/implants (for high mechanical performance) by fused filament fabrication. The present study deals with the melt processing of almond skin powder as reinforcement from 0 wt% to 5 wt% in the PLA matrix by twin-screw extrusion process. The results of the study suggested that reinforcing the almond skin powder as 2.5 wt% in the PLA matrix mechanically strengthens the feedstock filaments but the increase in the proportion up to 5 wt% reduces the mechanical strength to a significant level. A similar trend has been observed in differential scanning calorimeter observations for thermal stability analysis. As regard to the rheological property is concerned, the melt flow index shows a significant reduction with reinforcement of almond skin powder in PLA. The results are also supported by photomicrographic analysis (for surface properties) and Taguchi-based optimization of twin-screw extrusion process parameters (for multifactor optimization).

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On secondary recycling of ZrO2-reinforced HDPE filament prepared from domestic waste for possible 3-D printing of bearings

Journal of Thermoplastic Composite Materials ◽

10.1177/0892705719864628 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 089270571986462 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Rupinder Singh ◽

Ranvijay Kumar ◽

Shubham Tiwari ◽

Shubham Vishwakarma ◽

Shivam Kakkar ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene ◽

Melt Flow Index ◽

Melt Processing ◽

Thermoplastic Composites ◽

Flow Index ◽

Wear Properties ◽

Twin Screw Extrusion ◽

Screw Extrusion ◽

Twin Screw ◽

Recycled Hdpe

In this study, an innovative route for secondary recycling (with zirconium oxide (ZrO2) reinforcement) has been proposed based on melt processing of high-density polyethylene (HDPE) in low-temperature bearing applications. Initially, secondary recycled HDPE, acrylonitrile butadiene styrene, and nylon 6 thermoplastic composites were investigated for melt flow index (MFI) according to ASTM D1238 standard. Based on the acceptable MFI, secondary recycled HDPE matrix was selected for second-stage processing on twin screw extrusion (TSE). The final process involves reinforcement of ZrO2 into HDPE matrix by TSE in 60:40 ratio (by weight %) for preparation of feedstock filament (for possible 3-D printing of bearings). The results of the study suggest that for processing of HDPE, 40% ZrO2 composite matrix, 50 r min−1 screw speed, 190°C barrel temperature, and 15 kg applied load are the best setting of TSE (for maximizing the tensile strength of feedstock filament). The results are also supported by wear properties, thermal stability, and morphological analysis (based on scanning electron microscopy and electron-dispersive X-ray analysis).

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Effect of Lignin Plasticization on Physico-Mechanical Properties of Lignin/Poly(Lactic Acid) Composites

Polymers ◽

10.3390/polym11122089 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (12) ◽

pp. 2089 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Chan-Woo Park ◽

Won-Jae Youe ◽

Seok-Ju Kim ◽

Song-Yi Han ◽

Ji-Soo Park ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Lactic Acid ◽

Coupling Agent ◽

Interfacial Adhesion ◽

Melt Flow Index ◽

Poly Lactic Acid ◽

Flow Index ◽

Twin Screw Extrusion ◽

Screw Extrusion ◽

Twin Screw ◽

Polymeric Diphenylmethane Diisocyanate

Kraft lignin (KL) or plasticized KL (PKL)/poly(lactic acid) (PLA) composites, containing different lignin contents and with and without the coupling agent, were prepared in this study using twin-screw extrusion at 180 °C. Furthermore, ε-caprolactone and polymeric diphenylmethane diisocyanate (pMDI) were used as a plasticizer of KL and a coupling agent to improve interfacial adhesion, respectively. It was found that lignin plasticization improved lignin dispersibility in the PLA matrix and increased the melt flow index due to decrease in melt viscosity. The tensile strength of KL or PKL/PLA composites was found to decrease as the content of KL and PKL increased in the absence of pMDI, and increased due to pMDI addition. The existence of KL and PKL in the composites decreased the thermal degradation rate against the temperature and increased char residue. Furthermore, the diffusion coefficient of water in the composites was also found to decrease due to KL or PKL addition.

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Influence of Lignin and Polymeric Diphenylmethane Diisocyante Addition on the Properties of Poly(butylene succinate)/Wood Flour Composite

Polymers ◽

10.3390/polym11071161 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (7) ◽

pp. 1161 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Chan-Woo Park ◽

Won-Jae Youe ◽

Song-Yi Han ◽

Ji-Soo Park ◽

Eun-Ah Lee ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Wood Flour ◽

Crystallization Rate ◽

Melt Flow Index ◽

Kraft Lignin ◽

Flow Index ◽

Twin Screw Extrusion ◽

Butylene Succinate ◽

Screw Extrusion ◽

Twin Screw ◽

Higher Temperature

Poly(butylene succinate) (PBS)/wood flour (WF) composites with different WF content were prepared by twin-screw extrusion at 160 °C. With increasing WF content, the tensile strength of the PBS/WF composite without polymeric diphenylmethane diisocyante (pMDI) decreased, while that of the composite with pMDI increased. The addition of kraft lignin (KL) deteriorated the tensile properties of the composites both with and without pMDI. The melt flow index (MFI) decreased with increasing WF content, but increased with increasing KL content. The addition of pMDI caused an increase in the melt viscosity of the PBS/WF and PBS/WF/KL composites, resulting in a decrease in the MFI. The composites had lower thermal stability than neat PBS. The exotherms of the PBS/WF (50/50) composite appeared at a higher temperature than that of the neat PBS, but the PBS/WF/KL (50/50/20) composites had similar exotherms as the neat PBS. The addition of KL caused a decrease in the crystallization rate of PBS.

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Definition of a JA-2 Equivalent Propellant to be Produced by Continuous Solventless Extrusion

Journal of Applied Mechanics ◽

10.1115/1.4023315 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 80 (3) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Thelma G. Manning ◽

Joseph Leone ◽

Martijn Zebregs ◽

Dinesh R. Ramlal ◽

Chris A. van Driel

Keyword(s):

Extrusion Process ◽

Continuous Manufacturing ◽

Twin Screw Extrusion ◽

Extrusion Processing ◽

Roll Mill ◽

Screw Extrusion ◽

Twin Screw ◽

Ballistic Properties ◽

Definition Of ◽

Double Base

In order to eliminate residual solvents in ammunition and to reduce the emissions of volatile organic compounds to the atmosphere, the U.S. Army ARDEC has teamed with TNO in developing a new process for the production of solventless propellant for tank ammunition. To reduce the costs of solventless propellants production, shear roll mill and continuous extrusion processing was investigated. As described in this paper JA-2 a double base propellant cannot be processed without solvent by the extrusion process. An alternative JA-2 equivalent propellant was defined. The aim of this work is to demonstrate the manufacturing of this propellant by solventless continuous twin screw extrusion processing while maintaining gun performance characteristics of conventional JA-2 propellant. This is elucidated by explicitly researching the relationship between interior ballistic properties of the gun propellant and utilizing a continuous manufacturing process. Processing conditions were established, and the propellant was manufactured accordingly. The extruded propellant has the desired properties, which resulted in a comparable gun performance as the conventional JA-2 propellant.

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Effect of the Intensive Plasticizing Zone Design on the Effectiveness of Corotating Twin-Screw Extrusion

Advances in Polymer Technology ◽

10.1155/2019/8518341 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2019 ◽

pp. 1-11 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Emil Sasimowski ◽

Łukasz Majewski

Keyword(s):

Experimental Design ◽

Rotational Speed ◽

Extrusion Process ◽

Empirical Models ◽

Filling Ratio ◽

Mixing Zone ◽

Twin Screw Extrusion ◽

Screw Extruder ◽

Screw Extrusion ◽

Twin Screw

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of a new intensive plasticizing and mixing screw zone design on the effectiveness of the corotating twin-screw extrusion process for talc-filled polypropylene. The study determined the effect of the angle between the trilobe kneading elements forming the intensive plasticizing and mixing zone of the screws, the screw rotational speed, and the polypropylene/talc filling ratio on the characteristics of the extrusion process in a corotating twin-screw extruder EHP-2x20. The paper describes the experimental design and obtained results as well as the developed empirical models for selected variables of the extrusion process.

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Twin Screw Extrusion Process

Extrusion ◽

10.1016/b978-1-4377-3481-2.00009-0 ◽

2014 ◽

pp. 111-120 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

John R. Wagner ◽

Eldridge M. Mount ◽

Harold F. Giles

Keyword(s):

Extrusion Process ◽

Twin Screw Extrusion ◽

Screw Extrusion ◽

Twin Screw

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Effect of Compatibilizers on Composite Materials of Bio-Ethanol Byproduct-Poly(lacticacid)

Applied Mechanics and Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.204-208.4088 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 204-208 ◽

pp. 4088-4092

Author(s):

Ming Ming Zhang ◽

Xiao Huan Liu ◽

Chun Peng Wang ◽

Li Wei Jin

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Lactic Acid ◽

Composite Materials ◽

Extrusion Process ◽

Poly Lactic Acid ◽

Twin Screw Extrusion ◽

Screw Extrusion ◽

Twin Screw ◽

Process Effects ◽

Properties Of Composites

The blend composite materials of bio-ethanol byproduct-Poly(lactic acid) (PLA) were produced by a twin-screw extrusion process. Effects of bio-ethanol byproduct (BEB) contents and different compatibilizers on properties of composite materials were investigated. The research showed that with the increase of contents of bio-ethanol byproduct, the mechanical properties decreased. The mechanical properties of composites were improved by adding the compatibilizers, especially the polypropylene grafted maleic anhydride (PP-MAH). When the PP-MAH content was 2.5%, the mechanical properties of the composite materials were superior to others.

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