Influence of Lignin and Polymeric Diphenylmethane Diisocyante Addition on the Properties of Poly(butylene succinate)/Wood Flour Composite

Poly(butylene succinate) (PBS)/wood flour (WF) composites with different WF content were prepared by twin-screw extrusion at 160 °C. With increasing WF content, the tensile strength of the PBS/WF composite without polymeric diphenylmethane diisocyante (pMDI) decreased, while that of the composite with pMDI increased. The addition of kraft lignin (KL) deteriorated the tensile properties of the composites both with and without pMDI. The melt flow index (MFI) decreased with increasing WF content, but increased with increasing KL content. The addition of pMDI caused an increase in the melt viscosity of the PBS/WF and PBS/WF/KL composites, resulting in a decrease in the MFI. The composites had lower thermal stability than neat PBS. The exotherms of the PBS/WF (50/50) composite appeared at a higher temperature than that of the neat PBS, but the PBS/WF/KL (50/50/20) composites had similar exotherms as the neat PBS. The addition of KL caused a decrease in the crystallization rate of PBS.

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On secondary recycling of ZrO2-reinforced HDPE filament prepared from domestic waste for possible 3-D printing of bearings

Journal of Thermoplastic Composite Materials ◽

10.1177/0892705719864628 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 089270571986462 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Rupinder Singh ◽

Ranvijay Kumar ◽

Shubham Tiwari ◽

Shubham Vishwakarma ◽

Shivam Kakkar ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene ◽

Melt Flow Index ◽

Melt Processing ◽

Thermoplastic Composites ◽

Flow Index ◽

Wear Properties ◽

Twin Screw Extrusion ◽

Screw Extrusion ◽

Twin Screw ◽

Recycled Hdpe

In this study, an innovative route for secondary recycling (with zirconium oxide (ZrO2) reinforcement) has been proposed based on melt processing of high-density polyethylene (HDPE) in low-temperature bearing applications. Initially, secondary recycled HDPE, acrylonitrile butadiene styrene, and nylon 6 thermoplastic composites were investigated for melt flow index (MFI) according to ASTM D1238 standard. Based on the acceptable MFI, secondary recycled HDPE matrix was selected for second-stage processing on twin screw extrusion (TSE). The final process involves reinforcement of ZrO2 into HDPE matrix by TSE in 60:40 ratio (by weight %) for preparation of feedstock filament (for possible 3-D printing of bearings). The results of the study suggest that for processing of HDPE, 40% ZrO2 composite matrix, 50 r min−1 screw speed, 190°C barrel temperature, and 15 kg applied load are the best setting of TSE (for maximizing the tensile strength of feedstock filament). The results are also supported by wear properties, thermal stability, and morphological analysis (based on scanning electron microscopy and electron-dispersive X-ray analysis).

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Effect of Lignin Plasticization on Physico-Mechanical Properties of Lignin/Poly(Lactic Acid) Composites

Polymers ◽

10.3390/polym11122089 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (12) ◽

pp. 2089 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Chan-Woo Park ◽

Won-Jae Youe ◽

Seok-Ju Kim ◽

Song-Yi Han ◽

Ji-Soo Park ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Lactic Acid ◽

Coupling Agent ◽

Interfacial Adhesion ◽

Melt Flow Index ◽

Poly Lactic Acid ◽

Flow Index ◽

Twin Screw Extrusion ◽

Screw Extrusion ◽

Twin Screw ◽

Polymeric Diphenylmethane Diisocyanate

Kraft lignin (KL) or plasticized KL (PKL)/poly(lactic acid) (PLA) composites, containing different lignin contents and with and without the coupling agent, were prepared in this study using twin-screw extrusion at 180 °C. Furthermore, ε-caprolactone and polymeric diphenylmethane diisocyanate (pMDI) were used as a plasticizer of KL and a coupling agent to improve interfacial adhesion, respectively. It was found that lignin plasticization improved lignin dispersibility in the PLA matrix and increased the melt flow index due to decrease in melt viscosity. The tensile strength of KL or PKL/PLA composites was found to decrease as the content of KL and PKL increased in the absence of pMDI, and increased due to pMDI addition. The existence of KL and PKL in the composites decreased the thermal degradation rate against the temperature and increased char residue. Furthermore, the diffusion coefficient of water in the composites was also found to decrease due to KL or PKL addition.

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On mechanical, thermal and morphological investigations of almond skin powder-reinforced polylactic acid feedstock filament

Journal of Thermoplastic Composite Materials ◽

10.1177/0892705719886010 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 089270571988601 ◽

Cited By ~ 36

Author(s):

Rupinder Singh ◽

Ranvijay Kumar ◽

Pawanpreet ◽

Mohit Singh ◽

Jatenderpal Singh

Keyword(s):

Polylactic Acid ◽

Mechanical Performance ◽

Melt Flow Index ◽

Extrusion Process ◽

Melt Processing ◽

Flow Index ◽

Twin Screw Extrusion ◽

Fused Filament Fabrication ◽

Screw Extrusion ◽

Twin Screw

The almond skin powder is one of the biodegradable and biocompatible food wastes that can be used as reinforcement in polylactic acid (PLA) for preparation of biomedical scaffolds/implants (for high mechanical performance) by fused filament fabrication. The present study deals with the melt processing of almond skin powder as reinforcement from 0 wt% to 5 wt% in the PLA matrix by twin-screw extrusion process. The results of the study suggested that reinforcing the almond skin powder as 2.5 wt% in the PLA matrix mechanically strengthens the feedstock filaments but the increase in the proportion up to 5 wt% reduces the mechanical strength to a significant level. A similar trend has been observed in differential scanning calorimeter observations for thermal stability analysis. As regard to the rheological property is concerned, the melt flow index shows a significant reduction with reinforcement of almond skin powder in PLA. The results are also supported by photomicrographic analysis (for surface properties) and Taguchi-based optimization of twin-screw extrusion process parameters (for multifactor optimization).

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Synergistic influence of halogenated flame retardants and nanoclay on flame performance of high density polyethylene and wood flour composites

RSC Advances ◽

10.1039/c7ra03327c ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 7 (40) ◽

pp. 24895-24902 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Jinlong Zhang ◽

Qinglin Wu ◽

Guangyao Li ◽

Mei-Chun Li ◽

Xiuxuan Sun ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Maleic Anhydride ◽

High Density Polyethylene ◽

Flame Retardants ◽

Wood Flour ◽

High Density ◽

Twin Screw Extrusion ◽

Screw Extrusion ◽

Twin Screw ◽

Processing Aids ◽

Halogenated Flame Retardants

High density polyethylene and wood flour (HDPE/WF) composites containing three flame modifiers (FMs) (i.e., two fire retardants: 1,2-bis(pentabromophenyl) and ethylene bis(tetrabromophthalimide), and one nanoclay), maleic anhydride grafted polyethylene (MAPE) and other processing aids were prepared through twin-screw extrusion, and their properties were characterized.

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Correlation between Processing Parameters and Degradation of Different Polylactide Grades during Twin-Screw Extrusion

Polymers ◽

10.3390/polym12061333 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (6) ◽

pp. 1333 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Olga Mysiukiewicz ◽

Mateusz Barczewski ◽

Katarzyna Skórczewska ◽

Danuta Matykiewicz

Keyword(s):

Molecular Weight ◽

Processing Parameters ◽

High Mass ◽

Flow Index ◽

Processing Temperature ◽

Color Analysis ◽

Twin Screw Extrusion ◽

Melt Mixing ◽

Screw Extrusion ◽

Twin Screw

This article presents the effect of twin-screw extrusion processing parameters, including temperature and rotational speed of screws, on the structure and properties of four grades of polylactide (PLA). To evaluate the critical processing parameters for PLA and the possibilities for oxidative and thermomechanical degradation, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), oscillatory rheological analysis, and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) measurements were used. The influence of degradation induced by processing temperature and high shearing conditions on the quality of the biodegradable polyesters with different melt flow indexes (MFIs)was investigated by color analysis within the CIELab scale. The presented results indicate that considering the high-temperature processing of PLA, the high mass flow index and low viscosity of the polymer reduce its time of residence in the plastifying unit and therefore limit discoloration and reduction of molecular weight due to the degradation process during melt mixing, whereas the initial molecular weight of the polymer is not an essential factor.

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Efficiency of Twin-Screw Extrusion of Biodegradable Poly (Butylene Succinate)-Wheat Bran Blend

Materials ◽

10.3390/ma14020424 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (2) ◽

pp. 424

Author(s):

Emil Sasimowski ◽

Łukasz Majewski ◽

Marta Grochowicz

Keyword(s):

Polymer Blend ◽

Flow Rate ◽

Wheat Bran ◽

Rotational Speed ◽

Twin Screw Extrusion ◽

Butylene Succinate ◽

Extrusion Processing ◽

Screw Extrusion ◽

Twin Screw ◽

The Impact

Unmodified poly (butylene succinate) (PBS) is characterized by very good processability; however, after the incorporation of various fillers of plant origin, its processing becomes much more complicated and its properties are significantly affected. Detailed studies of the processing aspects of PBS/wheat bran (WB) biocomposition are lacking, despite the addition of WB having a significant impact on both the production efficiency and the properties of end products. This research paper presents test results of the co-rotating twin-screw extrusion processing of a biodegradable polymer blend, the matrix of which was PBS, with WB as the filler. In undertaking this task, we examined the impact of extruder screw rotational speed and WB content on the characteristics of extrusion processing, as well as on certain thermal, physical, structural and processing properties of the obtained blend. The WB introduced to the blend was in the form of a selected fraction with particles smaller than 0.2 mm. The measurements were conducted using the Design of Experiment (DOE) methods, which enabled establishing the studied relationships in the form of polynomials and response surfaces. The determined extrusion process characteristics covered the impact of screw rotational speed and WB content on the mass flow rate of the processed blend and its pressure, the screw drive torque and specific energy consumption. The studies of the obtained polymer blend included determining the impact of the aforementioned variable factors on the melt flow rate (MFR) index, chemical structure (FTIR), thermal properties (differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetry (TG), derivative thermogravimetry (DTG)), p-v-T relationships, microstructure, density and moisture absorbance. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to assess the effect of individual variable factors. The results of this work are presented, inter alia, using Pareto charts of standardized effects, which illustrate the influence of individual terms of the determined regression equations on the studied quantity.

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On recyclability of thermoplastic ABS polymer as fused filament for FDM technique of additive manufacturing

World Journal of Engineering ◽

10.1108/wje-11-2020-0580 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽

Author(s):

Kapil Chawla ◽

Rupinder Singh ◽

Jaspreet Singh

Keyword(s):

Additive Manufacturing ◽

Fused Deposition Modeling ◽

Melt Flow Index ◽

Extrusion Temperature ◽

Flow Index ◽

Content Type ◽

Fused Deposition ◽

Screw Extrusion ◽

Twin Screw ◽

Deposition Modeling

Purpose The thermoplastic polymers do not decompose easily due to the presence of long-chain stable polymeric structure, and thus, causes serious effects on the environment. Recycling of these polymer wastes becomes the only solution to minimize their adverse effects on the environment. The purpose of this study was to explore the feasibility of using recycled thermoplastic material as filament for fused deposition modeling technique. Design/methodology/approach In this study, the researchers fabricated fused filaments (in-house) for fused deposition modeling (FDM) technique of additive manufacturing from secondary recycled acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) by using a twin-screw extruder. After measuring the melt flow index of the secondary recycled ABS, the twin-screw extrusion parameters (rpm/speed of the screw, extrusion temperature and load) were varied to predict their influence on the various properties (rheological/mechanical/thermal) of the fabricated filaments. Experimental work was executed as per Taguchi’s L9 orthogonal array. Findings Thermal analysis performed to estimate the heat carrying capacity of recycled ABS highlighted that the heat capacity of ABS increases significantly from 0.28 J/g to 3.94 J/g during the heating cycle. The maximum value of peak strength and percentage break elongation for the fused filaments was investigated at 12.5 kg load, 2,250 C extrusion temperature and 70 rpm speed. Originality/value The filaments fabricated by recycling the polymeric waste has been successfully used in the FDM machine for the preparation of the three-dimensional printed tensile specimen.

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