Urban Solidarity: Perspectives of Migration and Refugee Accommodation and Inclusion

2020 ◽  
pp. 089692052093633
Author(s):  
Harald Bauder
Keyword(s):  
Community Leaders ◽  
Expert Interviews ◽  
Political Strategies ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Bottom Up ◽  
Urban Citizenship ◽  
Global North ◽  
Urban Migrant ◽  
Municipal Administrators ◽  
Political Spectrum

The concept of solidarity and related policies and practices are central to many urban initiatives throughout the global north that support vulnerable migrants and refugees. In this paper, I unpack various meanings of the concept of solidarity within urban migrant- and refugee-supporting initiatives and campaigns. Drawing on expert interviews with activists, community leaders, and municipal administrators and politicians in Berlin and Freiburg, Germany, and Zurich, Switzerland, I show the complexity and contradictory manner in which urban solidarity is understood and practiced. While urban solidarity may appeal to a wide political spectrum and incorporate top–down policies and bottom–up practices and approaches, urban actors also embrace various terminologies, such as Solidarity City and urban citizenship, in response to local circumstances and political strategies.

scholarly journals Goon Squad Democracy? The Rise of Vigilant Citizenship through Victim Support and Neighborhood Watches in Amsterdam (1980-1990)

2021 ◽  
pp. 009614422110104
Author(s):  
Wim De Jong
Keyword(s):  
Support Groups ◽  
Urban Crisis ◽  
Advocacy Groups ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Bottom Up ◽  
The Public ◽  
Urban Citizenship ◽  
Victim Support ◽  
Recent Trends ◽  
Urban Police

This paper analyses the rise of a new kind of urban citizenship in the context of the urban crisis of the 1980s: the vigilant citizen, characterized by a view of citizens as possible victims, who assume and are called upon to take responsibility for social safety. Top-down policy explanations insufficiently clarify why the polarized debate over urban petty crime developed into a consensus by the mid-1980s. Tying in with recent trends in urban police history, this paper shows the diversity of bottom-up actors in Amsterdam that helped to, sometimes unintentionally, further a communitarian “social safety” agenda: vigilantes and victim-support groups, the former based in more conservative circles, the latter partly inspired by women advocacy groups. These actors entered into a sometimes-tense dynamic with the police and municipality, which took up the challenge of providing victim support and of educating the public for neighborhood prevention. This slowly yielded results.

The Built Environment and the Development of Intermediate Socio-Spatial Units at Los Guachimontones, Jalisco, Mexico

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-20
Author(s):  
Verenice Y. Heredia Espinoza
Keyword(s):  
Collective Action ◽  
Built Environment ◽  
Spatial Organization ◽  
Action Theory ◽  
Urban Landscapes ◽  
Political Strategies ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Bottom Up ◽  
Architectural Elements ◽  
Thiessen Polygon

Intermediate socio-spatial units (ISUs), materialized as neighborhoods and districts, were important elements in the ordering of the built environment in large ancient settlements. They are indicative of an increasing vertical and horizontal complexity because they lie between households and the governing authority. Collective action theory holds that ISUs can take many forms and can be created through bottom-up, top-down, or top-down/bottom-up processes. The distribution of ISUs in the context of other architectural elements illuminates the degree to which collective policies shaped urban landscapes. This article identifies districts and neighborhoods, two types of ISUs, at the site of Los Guachimontones (Jalisco, Mexico) through a study of its internal spatial organization. Intensive survey and mapping have identified thousands of architectural elements, including the circular complexes known as guachimontones. Thiessen polygon analysis reveals that guachimontones are an important feature of the site's spatial organization, as well as to the materialization of ISUs and other socio-spatial units. Broadly speaking, the organization of these built spaces reveals that their growth can be attributed to collectively oriented political strategies.

scholarly journals Ciudades santuario y solidarias en América Latina: una revisión de literatura

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (36) ◽  
pp. 89-113
Author(s):  
Margaret Godoy ◽  
◽  
Harald Bauder ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Bottom Up ◽  
Urban Policies ◽  
Academic Literature ◽  
Grassroots Initiatives ◽  
Global North ◽  
America Latina

The literature on urban sanctuary and solidarity in the context of the Global North is robust and rapidly expanding. However, there remains a gap in the literature regarding how these concepts may apply to the Global South. To address this gap, we conducted a scoping review of academic and grey literature on urban sanctuary and solidarity policies and practices in Latin America. We focus on the connection between top-down urban policies and bottom-up grassroots initiatives and practices of migrant and refugee solidarity and sanctuary. Our findings reveal that the academic literature lags behind in some contexts in acknowledging the connection between top-down and bottom-up approaches.

scholarly journals The impact of extreme weather events on community risk planning and management: the case of San Juan, Puerto Rico after hurricane Maria

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis Santiago ◽  
David Flores ◽  
Chang-Yu Hong
Keyword(s):  
Green Infrastructure ◽  
Flood Control ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Environmental Conservation ◽  
Community Leaders ◽  
Extreme Weather Events ◽  
San Juan ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Bottom Up ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Top-down technical or engineered solutions to deal with flood control such as channelization are increasingly unaffordable. We explored how community leaders’ frame the concept of risk, particularly due to flooding, and documented bottom-up rather than top-down solutions within the context of Hurricane Maria and the current financial crisis. This research aimed to interview environmental conservation organizational leaders to assess the broader question of what makes San Juan livable, and the role that flooding risk management plays in defining livability. Their perception of bottom-up approaches for flood control, including the role of green infrastructure, is of particular interest given the infeasibility of current engineered measures and their history of short term local coping strategies. Our research team frames the research using structural versus non-structural solutions to explore to what extent community leaders draw upon green visions of the city or emphasize transitioning towards strategies more closely aligned with ecological processes and functions. The research results help to inform current efforts of local community engagement about alternative solutions to channelization and other urban flood management measures.

Psychology and Culture: Top Down Versus Bottom Up?

PsycCRITIQUES ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 50 (19) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Cole
Keyword(s):  
Top Down ◽  
Bottom Up
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