The Pharmacist “Toolbox” for Smoking Cessation

2012 ◽  
Vol 25 (6) ◽  
pp. 591-599 ◽  
Author(s):  
William P. Wynn ◽  
Ron T. Stroman ◽  
Michaela M. Almgren ◽  
Kelly J. Clark
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Health Care Professionals ◽  
Electronic Cigarettes ◽  
The United States ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Prescription Medications ◽  
Over The Counter ◽  
Quit Smoking ◽  
Traditional Therapies

Annually there are 500 000 preventable deaths in the United States caused by smoking; as health care professionals, pharmacists have a unique opportunity to advise, assess, and assist patients to quit smoking. This review article provides pharmacists with a “toolbox” containing an overview of pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic methods for smoking cessation. Currently approved over-the-counter (OTC) and prescription medications (nicotine replacement therapy, varenicline, and bupropion) are summarized, and nonpharmacologic therapies discussed include cognitive therapy and hypnosis. In addition to traditional therapies some potential approaches to smoking cessation are addressed, including nicotine immunizations and electronic cigarettes.

Drug Poisoning and Overdose for the Health Professional: Review of Select Over-the-Counter (OTC) and Prescription Medications

2000 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-81
Author(s):  
David L. Laven ◽  
Lisa Oller
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Health Care Professionals ◽  
Clinical Information ◽  
Chemical Exposure ◽  
Medical Attention ◽  
Poison Control ◽  
Prescription Medications ◽  
Full Spectrum ◽  
Over The Counter ◽  
Initial Exposure

Exposure to over-the-counter and prescription medications can pose significant therapeutic and health hazards to patients, and present health care professionals with scenarios that require proper assessment and treatment. Knowing when an exposure to or overdose of a drug requires emergency medical attention is equally as important as to knowing when such assistance is not necessary—that simple treatment measures performed at home will suffice. This current discussion is intended to highlight select principles and clinical information pertaining to common drug exposures and overdoses, but not replace the full spectrum of information that would be available to health care professionals (and the lay public) by contacting their nearest poison control center. Many of the basic principles and concerns that are encountered with exposures to chemicals (i.e., route of exposure, patient medical history, quantity of the substance involved, elapsed time since the initial exposure, etc.) apply equally well to drug exposures. Likewise, evaluating each of these variables will determine which type of treatment approaches are, and are not, considered in situations of drug (or chemical) exposure and overdose.

scholarly journals Smoking Cessation by Electronic Cigarettes and Applied Artificial Intelligence

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Henglong Ma ◽  
Charlie Huang ◽  
Crystal Dunlevy
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Electronic Cigarettes ◽  
Quit Smoking ◽  
Applied Artificial Intelligence

Numerous fields and administrations are embracing smart robotics. Despite the vast advancements in robotics for health care, there is limited practice and examination on utilizing electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes, e-cigs, ENDS) and applied artificial intelligence (AI) to aid tobacco consumers to quit smoking. E-cigs and AI are certainly significant tools that have the potential in helping Americans reduce smoking. It can be valuable for society to determine if e-smoking (smoking e-cigs) is much safer and cleaner than traditional smoking.

scholarly journals Use of smoking cessation products: A survey of patients in community pharmacies

2017 ◽  
Vol 150 (5) ◽  
pp. 326-333 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan Phung ◽  
Lauren Luo ◽  
Noor Breik ◽  
Silvia Alessi-Severini
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Insurance Coverage ◽  
Community Pharmacies ◽  
Prescription Medications ◽  
Over The Counter ◽  
Health Care Practitioners ◽  
Quit Attempts ◽  
Multiple Choice Questionnaire ◽  
The City

Objectives: At 17.3%, smoking rates in Manitoba continue to exceed the national average. In this province, a total health care spending of more than $200 million per year has been attributed to smoking. This study examined the use of smoking cessation agents, including nicotine replacement products and prescription medications, in a sample of smokers in the city of Winnipeg. Methods: A simple multiple-choice questionnaire was administered to willing individuals attending 2 community pharmacies in Winnipeg, Manitoba. Data on demographics, smoking habits, previous attempts of smoking cessation and previous and current use of over-the-counter and prescription smoking cessation products were collected anonymously. Results: Of the 2237 individuals who were approached, 586 were smokers (26.2%) and 180 responded to the survey (30.7%); 48.9% were female. A majority of smokers (32.8%) reported smoking 16 to 25 cigarettes per day. More than 90% had smoked for more than 5 years, 27.2% had more than 5 previous quit attempts and 82.1% used smoking cessation products with the intention to quit. Self-motivation (44.4%) and family/friend advice (28.3%) were major reasons for quitting. Impact of health care practitioners’ advice was low (6.4%). More than 80% of respondents reported that they had no insurance coverage for their smoking cessation products. Despite having the highest rate of use, both nicotine gum (33.3%) and patches (24.4%) were reported to have lower rates of perceived efficacy. Electronic cigarette (97.9%) and varenicline (70.6%) had the highest rates of reported effectiveness. Conclusion: Smokers wanting to quit undergo many attempts. Pharmacists should assume a key role in reaching out to smokers.

scholarly journals Best Practices for Smoking Cessation Interventions in Primary Care

2009 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 129-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew McIvor ◽  
John Kayser ◽  
Jean-Marc Assaad ◽  
Gerald Brosky ◽  
Penny Demarest ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Best Practices ◽  
Nurse Practitioners ◽  
Health Care Professionals ◽  
Physical Dependence ◽  
Family Physicians ◽  
The United States ◽  
Public Health Care ◽  
Tobacco Addiction

BACKGROUND: In Canada, smoking is the leading preventable cause of premature death. Family physicians and nurse practitioners are uniquely positioned to initiate smoking cessation. Because smoking is a chronic addiction, repeated, opportunity-based interventions are most effective in addressing physical dependence and modifying deeply ingrained patterns of beliefs and behaviour. However, only a small minority of family physicians provide thorough smoking cessation counselling and less than one-half offer adjunct support to patients.OBJECTIVE: To identify the key steps family physicians and nurse practitioners can take to strengthen effective smoking cessation interventions for their patients.METHODS: A multidisciplinary panel of health care practitioners involved with smoking cessation from across Canada was convened to discuss best practices derived from international guidelines, including those from the United States, Europe, and Australia, and other relevant literature. The panellists subsequently refined their findings in the form of the present article.RESULTS: The present paper outlines best practices for brief and effective counselling for, and treatment of, tobacco addiction. By adopting a simple series of questions, taking 30 s to 3 min to complete, health care professionals can initiate smoking cessation interventions. Integrating these strategies into daily practice provides opportunities to significantly improve the quality and duration of patients’ lives.CONCLUSION: Tobacco addiction is the most important preventable cause of morbidity and mortality in Canada. Family physicians, nurse practitioners and other front-line health care professionals are well positioned to influence and assist their patients in quitting, thereby reducing the burden on both personal health and the public health care system.

Providing Medication Therapy Management for Smoking Cessation Patients

2014 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tiffany D. Smalls ◽  
Amelia D. Broughton ◽  
Ericka V. Hylick ◽  
Todd J. Woodard
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Health Care Providers ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
The United States ◽  
Medication Therapy Management ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Therapy Management ◽  
Medication Therapy ◽  
Quit Smoking

Nearly 50 years ago, the Surgeon General of the US Public Health Service released the first report of the Surgeon General’s Advisory Committee on Smoking and Health. The report concluded that cigarette smoking caused lung and laryngeal cancer as well as bronchitis. Today, smoking is one of the leading preventable causes of deaths in the United States. Research has shown that it potentially causes more deaths than human immunodeficiency virus, illegal drug use, alcohol use, motor vehicle injuries, and firearm-related incidents. Health care providers play a critical role in guiding and directing patients to quit smoking by introducing them to smoking-cessation options. This is due to the fact that if these patients quit, they can reduce their cardiovascular risk. Pharmacists, being one of the easily accessible health care providers, have an advantage over other clinicians when it comes to influencing patients to quit smoking and to modify their lifestyles. Pharmacists through medication therapy management directly interact with these patients to manage medications as well as behavioral factors.

INTRODUCTION

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 91 (5) ◽  
pp. ii-ii
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Chronic Illness ◽  
Child Development ◽  
Health Services ◽  
Cultural Sensitivity ◽  
Health Care Professionals ◽  
Research Policy ◽  
The United States ◽  
Policy Formulation ◽  
Full Account

In June 1992, 35 health care professionals, child and disability advocates, researchers, clinicians, and parents met at Wingspread Center in Racine, Wisconsin, for an invitational conference on Culture and Chronic Illness in Childhood. The meeting had as its goal the identification of the state of knowledge on the interface between culture, chronic illness, child development, and family functioning so as to lay the foundations for "culturally appropriate" health policy formulation, "culturally sensitive" services, and "culturally competent" clinicians. The purpose of this special supplement is to establish a national agenda for research, policy, service delivery, and training in addressing the needs of all children with chronic illnesses and disabilities that takes the family, ethnicity, socioeconomic status, and culture into full account. To meet this task, five papers were commissioned. The first, by Newacheck et al, addresses the changes in incidence and prevalence of chronic illness and disability among children and youth by ethnic group. The second paper, by McManus et al, focuses on the trends in health services organization, delivery, and financing as they vary among ethnic groups in the United States. What emerges is a rhetoric of cultural sensitivity not paralleled in the organization or financing of health services. Groce and Zola's paper addresses how cultural attitudes and beliefs are the foundations of our perceptions about health and illness. Those perceptions at times are predisposed to conflict with a health care professional who, coming from a different culture, may hold different norms and beliefs. Brookins grounds her discussion within the context of child development and argues that for a child of color or one whose ethnic heritage is other than mainstream, the key to developmental success is bicultural competence—the ability to walk in and between two worlds.

Pediatric Collections: Vaping: Effects and Solutions

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
United States ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Health Care Providers ◽  
Electronic Cigarettes ◽  
The United States ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Tobacco Products ◽  
Pediatric Health ◽  
Pediatric Health Care

Electronic cigarettes are the tobacco products most commonly used by youths in the United States. The use of e-cigarettes, also known as vaping or JUULing, is a public health epidemic. This collection offers reviews and research to assist pediatric health care providers in identifying and treating adolescent use and exposure to e-cigarettes. https://shop.aap.org/pediatric-collections-vaping-effects-and-solutions-paperback/

Implementation of Wireless “Intelligent” Pump IV Infusion Technology in a Not-for-Profit Academic Hospital Setting

2007 ◽  
Vol 42 (9) ◽  
pp. 832-840 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lor Siv-Lee ◽  
Linda Morgan
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Health Care Professionals ◽  
Hospital Setting ◽  
The United States ◽  
Main Campus ◽  
For Profit ◽  
Not For Profit ◽  
Drug Concentrations ◽  
Wireless Infrastructure ◽  
Infusion System

Purpose This paper describes the implementation of wireless “intelligent” pump intravenous (IV) infusion technology in a not-for-profit academic, multicampus hospital system in the United States. Methods The process of implementing a novel infusion system in a multicampus health care institution (main campus plus three satellite campuses) is described. Details are provided regarding the timelines involved, the process for the development of the drug libraries, and the initial implementation within and across campuses. Results In early 2004, with the end of the device purchase contract period nearing, a multidisciplinary committee evaluated potential IV infusion pumps for hospital use. In April 2004, the committee selected the Plum A+ infusion system with Hospira MedNet software and wireless capabilities (Hospira Inc., Lake Forest, IL). Implementation of the single-channel IV infusion system took place July through October 2005 following installation of the wireless infrastructure throughout the multicampus facility. Implementation occurred in July, one campus at a time; the three smaller satellite campuses went “live” before the main campus. Implementation of the triple-channel IV infusion system took place in March 2006 when the wireless infrastructure was completed and fully functional throughout the campuses, software was upgraded, and drug library revisions were completed and uploaded. Conclusion “Intelligent” pump technology provided a framework to standardize drug concentrations used in the intensive care units. Implementation occurred transparently without any compromise of patient care. Many lessons were learned during implementation that explained the initial suboptimal compliance with safety software use. In response, the committee developed strategies to increase software utilization rates, which resulted in improved acceptance by nursing staff and steadily improving compliance rates. Wireless technology has supported remote device management, prospective monitoring, the avoidance of medication error, and the timely education of health care professionals regarding potential medication errors.

scholarly journals Empowering Health Care Professionals: An Interprofessional Education Model Implementation and Evaluation

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica Shank Coviello
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Health Care Professionals ◽  
Interprofessional Education ◽  
Healthcare Professionals ◽  
The United States ◽  
Healthcare Systems ◽  
World Health ◽  
Institute Of Medicine ◽  
Care Needs ◽  
Ensure Patient Safety

In 2016, the Institute of Medicine (IOM) reported medical error as the 3rd leading cause of death in healthcare systems in the United States. Effective communication of patient care needs across healthcare disciplines is critical to ensure patient safety, quality of care, and to improve operational efficiencies in healthcare systems. Ineffective collaboration and communication among healthcare professionals within the procedural areas increases the potential of harm as a patient moves from one healthcare professional to another. Health care systems are thus encouraged to train employees with a focus on interprofessional education (IPE) and collaborative practice. IOM and World Health Organization (WHO) recommend the use of IPE to help improve communication and collaboration. However the current educational structure in many institutions does not include IPE. As such, healthcare professionals work in silos, with little or no collaboration with one another, which may result in service duplication, increased service cost, and poor health outcomes for patients.

scholarly journals Cultural Awareness and Sensitivity of Students in a Physical Therapy Program – A Pilot Survey

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olaide Oluwole-Sangoseni ◽  
Michelle Jenkins-Unterberg
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Physical Therapy ◽  
Cultural Sensitivity ◽  
Health Care Professionals ◽  
Cultural Awareness ◽  
Health Care Disparities ◽  
Care Delivery ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Significant Difference

Background: Attempts to address health and health care disparities in the United States have led to a renewed focus on the training of healthcare professionals including physical therapists. Current health care policies emphasize culturally competent care as a means of promoting equity in care delivery by health care professionals. Experts agree that cultural insensitivity has a negative association with health professionals’ ability to provide quality care. Objective: To evaluate the cultural awareness and sensitivity of physical therapy (PT) students in a didactic curriculum aimed to increase cultural awareness. Methods: Using the Multicultural Sensitivity Scale (MSS), a cross-sectional survey was conducted to assess cultural sensitivity among three groups of students, (N = 139) from a doctor of physical therapy (DPT) program at a liberal arts university in Saint Louis, MO. Results: Response rate was 76.3%. Participants (n=100) were students in first (DPT1, n=36), third (DPT3, n=36), and sixth (DPT6, n=28) year of the program. Mean ranked MSS score was DPT1 = 45.53, DPT3 = 46.60 DPT6 = 61.91. Kruskal-Wallis analysis of the mean ranked scores showed a significant difference among three groups, H = 6.05 (2, N=100), p ≤ .05. Discussion: Students who have completed the cultural awareness curriculum, and undergone clinical experiences rated themselves higher on the cultural sensitivity/awareness. Results provide initial evidence that experiential learning opportunities may help PT students to more effectively integrate knowledge from classroom activities designed to facilitate cultural competence.

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