scholarly journals Informal and Formal Social Integration Shape Eating and Drinking of Older Black and White Americans

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (9) ◽  
pp. 1145-1155
Author(s):  
Katrina Hauschildt ◽  
Sarah A. Burgard
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Health Behaviors ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Social Integration ◽  
Racial Differences ◽  
Dietary Behaviors ◽  
White Americans ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Objective Health ◽  
Important Health

Objective: Health behaviors are seen as one possible pathway linking race to health outcomes. Social integration has also been consistently linked to important health outcomes but has not been examined as a mechanism accounting for racial differences in health behaviors among older U.S. adults. Method: We use data from the American’s Changing Lives (ACL) Study to explore racial differences in measures of social integration and whether they help account for racial differences in several dietary behaviors and alcohol use. Results: We find differences by race and social integration measures in dietary behaviors and alcohol use. Net of socioeconomic status, health status, and reported discrimination, variation in social integration helps to account for racial differences in some health behaviors. Discussion: Our results highlight the nuanced role of social integration in understanding group differences in health behaviors. Interventions should consider such complexities when including aspects of social integration in their design.

scholarly journals Chronic Kidney Disease Awareness and Longitudinal Health Outcomes: Results from the REasons for Geographic And Racial Differences in Stroke Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (6) ◽  
pp. 463-472 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sri Lekha Tummalapalli ◽  
Eric Vittinghoff ◽  
Deidra C. Crews ◽  
Mary Cushman ◽  
Orlando M. Gutiérrez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Health Behaviors ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Racial Differences ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Management Indicators ◽  
Stroke Study ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Ckd Stage

Background: The majority of people with chronic kidney disease (CKD) are unaware of their kidney disease. Assessing the clinical significance of increasing CKD awareness has critical public health and healthcare delivery implications. Whether CKD awareness among persons with CKD is associated with longitudinal health behaviors, disease management, and health outcomes is unknown. Methods: We analyzed data from participants with CKD in the REasons for Geographic And Racial Differences in Stroke study, a national, longitudinal, population-based cohort. Our predictor was participant CKD awareness. Outcomes were (1) health behaviors (smoking avoidance, exercise, and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug use); (2) CKD management indicators (angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor or angiotensin receptor blocker use, statin use, systolic blood pressure, fasting blood glucose, and body mass index); (3) change in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR); and (4) health outcomes (incident end-stage kidney disease [ESKD], coronary heart disease [CHD], stroke, and death). Logistic and linear regressions were used to examine the association of baseline CKD awareness with outcomes of interest, adjusted for CKD stage and participant demographic and clinical factors. Results: Of 6,529 participants with baseline CKD, 285 (4.4%) were aware of their CKD. Among the 3,586 participants who survived until follow-up (median 9.5 years), baseline awareness was not associated with subsequent odds of health behaviors, CKD management indicators, or changes in eGFR and UACR in adjusted analyses. Baseline CKD awareness was associated with increased risk of ESKD (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] 1.44; 95% CI 1.08–1.92) and death (aHR 1.18; 95% CI 1.00–1.39), but not with subsequent CHD or stroke, in adjusted models. Conclusions: Individuals aware of their CKD were more likely to experience ESKD and death, suggesting that CKD awareness reflects disease severity. Most persons with CKD, including those that are high-risk, remain unaware of their CKD. There was no evidence of associations between baseline CKD awareness and longitudinal health behaviors, CKD management indicators, or eGFR decline and albuminuria.

scholarly journals C-reactive protein and hypertension incidence in black and white Americans: REasons for Geographic And Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy B Plante ◽  
D Leann Long ◽  
Boyi Guo ◽  
George Howard ◽  
April P Carson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Racial Differences ◽  
Excess Risk ◽  
White Americans ◽  
C Reactive Protein ◽  
Incident Hypertension ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Regards Study ◽  
Adjusted Model ◽  
Excess Incidence

Abstract Background More inflammation is associated with greater risk incident hypertension, and black US adults have excess burden of hypertension. We investigated whether increased inflammation as quantified by higher C-reactive protein (CRP) explains the excess incidence in hypertension experienced by black US adults. Methods We included 6,548 black and white REGARDS participants without hypertension at baseline (2003-2007) who attended a second visit (2013-2016). Sex-stratified risk ratios (RR) for incident hypertension at the second exam in black compared to white individuals were estimated using Poisson regression adjusted for groups of factors known to partially explain the black-white differences in incident hypertension. We calculated the percent mediation by CRP of the racial difference in hypertension. Results Baseline CRP was higher in black participants. The black-white RR for incident hypertension in the minimally adjusted model was 1.33 (95% CI 1.22, 1.44) for males and 1.15 (1.04, 1.27) for females. CRP mediated 6.6% (95% CI 2.7, 11.3%) of this association in females and 19.7% (9.8, 33.2%) in males. In females, CRP no longer mediated the black-white RR in a model including waist circumference and body mass index, while in males the black-white difference was fully attenuated in models including income, education and dietary patterns. Conclusions Elevated CRP attenuated a portion of the unadjusted excess risk of hypertension in black adults, but this excess risk was attenuated when controlling for measures of obesity in females and diet and socioeconomic factors in males. Inflammation related to these risk factors might explain part of the black-white disparity in hypertension.

Racial Differences in Social Integration and Life Satisfaction among Aged Public Housing Residents

1983 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 203-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gary Deimling ◽  
Zev Harel ◽  
Linda Noelker
Keyword(s):  
Life Satisfaction ◽  
Social Integration ◽  
Public Housing ◽  
Racial Differences ◽  
Social Activity ◽  
Social Resources ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Age Segregation ◽  
Public Housing Residents ◽  
Housing Estates

The effects of social activity, social resources, health, and functional status on the life satisfaction of black and white aged were examined, based on interviews with 330 residents of age-integrated and age-segregated public housing estates in Cleveland, Ohio. The results of multivariate analysis call into question previous conclusions that age-segregation is conducive to greater life satisfaction. However, the findings do lend support to previous research indicating that social integration has a greater degree of importance in determining the life satisfaction of black than of white aged.

scholarly journals Racial Differences in Arterial Stiffness and Microcirculatory Function Between Black and White Americans

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alanna A. Morris ◽  
Riyaz S. Patel ◽  
Jose Nilo G. Binongo ◽  
Joseph Poole ◽  
Ibhar al Mheid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arterial Stiffness ◽  
Racial Differences ◽  
White Americans ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Microcirculatory Function

scholarly journals When Race Matters and When It Doesn't: Racial Group Differences in Response to Racial Cues

2007 ◽  
Vol 101 (2) ◽  
pp. 339-354 ◽  
Author(s):  
ISMAIL K. WHITE
Keyword(s):  
African Americans ◽  
Racial Differences ◽  
Group Identification ◽  
White Americans ◽  
Verbal Cues ◽  
Political Issues ◽  
Political Messages ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Racial Cues

Building on previous research on the effects of racial priming on the opinions of White Americans, this paper engages the question of how exposure to racial cues in political messages shapes the opinions of African Americans. I argue that explanations of racial priming that focus exclusively on White Americans are insufficient to explain how racial cues influence the opinions of Black Americans, as they fail to account for the activation of in-group attitudes and mis-specify the role of explicit racial cues. In two separate laboratory experiments, I test the effects of explicitly racial, implicitly racial, and nonracial verbal cues on both Black and White Americans' assessments of an ostensibly nonracial issue. The results point to important racial differences in the effectiveness of explicit and implicit racial verbal cues in activating racial thinking about an issue. Only frames that provide oblique references to race successfully activated racial out-group resentment for Whites. Among Blacks, explicit references to race most reliably elicited racial thinking by activating racial in-group identification, whereas the effect of implicit cues was moderated by the activation of negative representations of the in group. These findings not only demonstrate that racial attitude activation works differently for African Americans than for Whites but also challenge conventional wisdom that African Americans see all political issues through a racial lens.

scholarly journals Impact of COVID-19 Stay-at-Home Orders on Health Behaviors and Anxiety in Black and White Americans

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua R. Sparks ◽  
Maryam Kebbe ◽  
Emily W. Flanagan ◽  
Robbie A. Beyl ◽  
Abby D. Altazan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Behaviors ◽  
White Americans ◽  
Black And White ◽  
At Home

scholarly journals Health-Promoting Home and Workplace Neighborhoods: Associations With Multiple Facets of Men’s Health

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1680-1691 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon Coulombe ◽  
Sophie Meunier ◽  
Lyne Cloutier ◽  
Nathalie Auger ◽  
Bernard Roy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Behaviors ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Men’S Health ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Men's Health ◽  
Objective Health ◽  
Mediating Mechanisms ◽  
Health Promoting

Despite the importance of healthy settings for health promotion, little is known about how neighborhood characteristics affect men’s health. The present study aims to explore the associations between perceptions of home and workplace neighborhoods with diverse health outcomes, and to examine mediating mechanisms. A sample of 669 men members of labor unions in Quebec, Canada, completed a questionnaire assessing social and physical aspects of their work and home neighborhoods (the Health-Promoting Neighborhood Questionnaire) as well as subjective and objective health outcomes (perceived health, positive mental health, body mass index) and potential mediators (health behaviors, self-efficacy). Structural equation modeling (path analysis) revealed that the Health-Promoting Neighborhood Questionnaire was associated with all three health outcomes, either directly or indirectly through health behaviors and self-efficacy. Both home and workplace neighborhoods were associated with men’s health, home neighborhood being more strongly associated. The findings suggest that physical and social aspects of neighborhood might contribute to men’s health. The study highlights positive environmental levers for urban planners, policy makers, and health professionals to promote men’s health.

scholarly journals Racial Inequalities in Alcohol Use Disorder Diagnosis in a Sample of 700,000 Veterans

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel A. Vickers-Smith ◽  
Amy C. Justice ◽  
William C. Becker ◽  
Christopher T. Rentsch ◽  
Brenda Curtis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Racial Differences ◽  
Alcohol Use Disorder ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Similar Distribution ◽  
Racial Inequalities ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Race Ethnicity ◽  
The Difference

Background: Studies show that Black and Hispanic Veterans have a higher prevalence of alcohol use disorder (AUD) than White Veterans. We examined whether the relationship between self–reported race/ethnicity and AUD diagnosis varies by self–reported alcohol consumption. Methods: The sample included 700,013 Black, Hispanic, and White Veterans enrolled in the Million Veteran Program cohort. Alcohol consumption was defined as an individual's maximum score on the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test–Consumption (AUDIT–C) questionnaire, a screen for hazardous or harmful drinking. The primary outcome, AUD, was defined by the presence of ICD–9/10 codes in the electronic health record. We used logistic regression with interactions to assess the association between race/ethnicity and AUD by maximum AUDIT–C score. Results: Black and Hispanic Veterans were more likely to have an AUD diagnosis than White Veterans despite similar levels of alcohol consumption. The difference was greatest between Black and White men. At all but the lowest and highest levels of alcohol consumption, Black men had 24%–111% greater odds of an AUD diagnosis. The association between race/ethnicity and AUD diagnosis remained after adjustment for alcohol consumption, alcohol–related disorders, and other potential confounders. Conclusions: The large discrepancy in AUD diagnosis across groups despite a similar distribution of alcohol consumption measures suggests that Veterans are differentially assigned an AUD diagnosis by race/ethnicity. Efforts are needed to examine the causes of the observed differences and to implement changes, such as structured diagnostic methods, to address a likely contributor to racial differences (i.e., bias) in AUD diagnosis.

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