Breaking nation: Brazilian transnational children’s construction of belonging in bilingual classrooms

Childhood ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 090756822110418
Author(s):  
Mariana Lima Becker ◽  
Gabrielle Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Common Culture ◽  
English Bilingual ◽  
Ethnographic Data ◽  
Brazilian Children

This article explores Brazilian children’s belonging-making in Portuguese–English bilingual classrooms in the United States. Drawing on ethnographic data collected over fifteen months, we found that the participating Brazilian children frequently referenced Brazil in their classrooms. Through these references, the children forged their own conceptions of what belonging means and created spaces of belonging in their bilingual classrooms. Connections to Brazil were established through the evocation of memories, allusions to loved ones physically there, and by claiming identities as Portuguese speakers. We argue that the children’s actions and narratives had the effect of disrupting the tenets of traditional nations: common culture, territory, and language.

scholarly journals Development of Spanish rhotics in Spanish–English bilingual children in the United States

2017 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 788-806 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mandy R. MENKE
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
The United States ◽  
Bilingual Children ◽  
Phonological Development ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
English Bilingual ◽  
Age Appropriate ◽  
Target Production

AbstractRhotics, particularly the trill, are late acquired sounds in Spanish. Reports of Spanish–English bilingual preschoolers document age-appropriate articulations, but studies do not explore productions once exposure to English increases. This paper reports on the rhotic productions of a cross-sectional sample of 31 Spanish–English bilingual children, ages 6;8 to 13;5. Children produced taps with high rates of accuracy across age groups; the trill did not reach 80% target production until age 11;3, later than reported for monolingual speakers. Increased English exposure is explored as a contributing factor, arguing a need for continued study of bilingual phonological development beyond the preschool years.

Discerning the “Real” from the “Junk”

2020 ◽  
pp. 35-76
Author(s):  
Jennifer Patico
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Industrial Production ◽  
The United States ◽  
Risk Society ◽  
Historical Trends ◽  
The Real ◽  
Nutritional Recommendations ◽  
Ethnographic Data ◽  
Parents Experiences

Chapter 1 draws upon ethnographic data to examine concretely the primary food concerns of parents in the Hometown community, contextualizing these against historical trends in nutritional recommendations in the United States. This chapter homes in to consider parents’ experiences of what Ulrich Beck has described as “risk society,” where people confront and manage the uncertainties and dangers inadvertently created through industrial production. The Hometown milieu is best described as postindustrial in that it is both of and deeply resistant to the highly commodified economy of children’s food. By trusting or rejecting certain foods and brands, adults worked to understand and to address fears and challenges they experienced with and for their children.

scholarly journals Roots, Routes, and Routers: Social and Digital Dynamics in the Jain Diaspora

Religions ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 252
Author(s):  
Tine Vekemans
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Digital Media ◽  
Mobile Applications ◽  
Participant Observation ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Past ◽  
Migration History ◽  
Patterns Of Use ◽  
Ethnographic Data ◽  
Digital Engagement

In the past three decades, Jains living in diaspora have been instrumental in the digital boom of Jainism-related websites, social media accounts, and mobile applications. Arguably, the increased availability and pervasive use of different kinds of digital media impacts how individuals deal with their roots; for example, it allows for greater contact with family and friends, but also with religious figures, back in India. It also impacts upon routes—for example, it provides new ways for individual Jains to find each other, organize, coordinate, and put down roots in their current country of residence. Using extensive corpora of Jainism-related websites and mobile applications (2013–2018), as well as ethnographic data derived from participant observation, interviews, and focus groups conducted in the United States, United Kingdom, and Belgian Jain communities (2014–2017), this article examines patterns of use of digital media for social and religious purposes by Jain individuals and investigates media strategies adopted by Jain diasporic organizations. It attempts to explain commonalities and differences in digital engagement across different geographic locations by looking at differences in migration history and the layout of the local Jain communities.

Race, Phenotype, and Nationality in Brazil and the United States

2019 ◽  
pp. 308-326
Author(s):  
Tiffany D. Joseph
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Crucial Role ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Body ◽  
Sociology Of The Body ◽  
Ethnographic Data

In recent decades, there have been substantial developments in the sociologies of the body and race. However, race has been understudied in sociology of the body at the same time that the sociology of race has not often explored the influence of phenotypical differences on individuals’ experiences and outcomes. Using ethnographic data from interviews with seventy-three Brazilians in Governador Valadares, this chapter illustrates how race and phenotype shape perceptions of Brazilian and American nationality and discrimination in Brazil and the United States. In so doing, the findings show that researchers cannot assess race in each context without incorporating the body. Thus, more theoretical leverage can be gained in each subfield by merging both literatures to better understand the crucial role that the body and race play in racialized societies.

scholarly journals Exploring a critical research approach in fibre art studies in the United States

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 303-320 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sirpa Kokko
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Basic Skills ◽  
The United States ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
Critical Research ◽  
Hands On ◽  
Central Elements ◽  
Ethnographic Data ◽  
Craft Education ◽  
Us University

The purpose of the study was to reveal the central elements of combining a critical research approach with hands-on activities in fibre art studies. The article is based on ethnographic data gathered in two fibre art courses at a US university in the autumn of 2018. Intersectionality and interconnectedness, the material context and the process, emerged as the most important concepts of the critical research approach under study. These ideas were combined with hands-on activities so that the students learned both the basic skills and the broader social, cultural and material meanings related to their activities. The students appreciated the critical research approach which broadened their perspectives on fibre art. The low status of fibre art at the academy was revealed and associated with the gendered tradition. Study findings recommend the development of pedagogies that implement a critical research approach in art and craft education.

Courting the community: Organizational flexibility and community courts

2017 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 226-244
Author(s):  
Christine Zozula
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Organizational Legitimacy ◽  
Diverse Population ◽  
Organizational Flexibility ◽  
Community Court ◽  
Therapeutic Goals ◽  
Ethnographic Data ◽  
Community Courts

This article examines how a community court in the United States framed its mission to a diverse population of stakeholders. Drawing from 11 months of ethnographic data, I show how community courts’ embrace of both punitive and therapeutic goals help the courts appeal to a variety of audiences. I argue that by adopting a flexible mission which allows for both punishment and treatment, community courts are better able to create and maintain organizational legitimacy. This article not only adds to the literature on the flexibility of punishment logics, but it also brings a new focus by considering the organizational utility of mutable penal goals.

Students' Culture at a University where Most Students are Ethnic Minorities

2017 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 52-55
Author(s):  
Orit Tamir
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
New Mexico ◽  
Ethnic Minorities ◽  
The United States ◽  
Student Population ◽  
Rite Of Passage ◽  
College Life ◽  
Ethnographic Data

Going to college is a major rite of passage in the United States. For many of New Mexico Highlands University (Highlands) students, going to college marks another watershed: they are first in their families to go to college. This paper describes students' culture at Highlands—a university where (ethnic) minorities form the majority of the student population. Using ethnographic data collected by and analyzed in collaboration with my students, the paper describes students' views of college life and culture at Highlands.

Correlates and Cross-Linguistic Comparisons of Informativeness and Efficiency on Nicholas and Brookshire Discourse Stimuli in Spanish/English Bilingual Adults

2013 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 1298-1313 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa A. Edmonds
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Stimulus Type ◽  
Scoring System ◽  
The United States ◽  
Preliminary Evidence ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Correct Information ◽  
English Bilingual ◽  
Over Time

Purpose The purpose of this study was to determine (a) correlates of informativeness and efficiency in discourse and (b) potential cross-linguistic and stimulus type (picture vs. nonpicture) differences in measures of informativeness and efficiency in Spanish/English bilingual adults in the United States. Method Eighty-eight Spanish/English young bilingual adults who self-reported being functional in both languages completed the discourse tasks from Nicholas and Brookshire (1993). Responses were analyzed with an adapted version of the scoring system that is based on correct information units (CIUs), the variable corresponding to informative words. Results Regression analyses showed that among participant-provided data, self-ratings of proficiency accounted for most of the variance in informativeness over time (CIUs/min), although usage was also important in Spanish. When naming accuracy was added as a variable, verb-naming accuracy superseded all variables as accounting for the most variance in CIUs/min across languages. Overall, participants provided more information more efficiently in English as compared to Spanish. Conclusions The results provide preliminary evidence that Nicholas and Brookshire stimuli and scoring procedures may be appropriate for Spanish/English bilinguals and suggest that self-ratings and usage information collected from participants, as well as naming accuracies, may be predictive of informativeness and efficiency in discourse.

“WE’RE JUST SEPARATE FROM EVERYBODY”

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
Aaron Leo
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
New York ◽  
African Americans ◽  
The United States ◽  
Scholarly Work ◽  
Upstate New York ◽  
Muslim Immigrants ◽  
Static View ◽  
Ethnographic Data ◽  
Significant Class

Abstract Recent scholarly work has explored the experiences of racialization among Muslim immigrants in the United States. Such work has challenged a static view of race strictly tied to phenotype by highlighting the significance of culture and religion to racial ascription as well as the varied ways individuals respond to their own racialized position. While valuable, much of this scholarship has analyzed the racialization of Muslim immigrants as it relates to Whiteness thereby neglecting their relationship with other racialized minorities such as African Americans. Moreover, such work has focused on culture and religion without discussing the role that social class plays in the process of racialization. This article seeks to address these gaps by drawing on ethnographic data gathered among a group of Muslim newcomer youth in an urban, multiracial high school in upstate New York. The findings presented here show how these youth are racialized along cultural and religious lines yet actively respond to this process in various ways. In addition, participants articulated racializing comments towards African Americans with significant class connotations. Despite the tensions between Muslim newcomers and African Americans, moments of solidarity were evident and drew attention to the potential for establishing cross-racial alliances.

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