University scientism and American economic interests

2018 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 143-151
Author(s):  
Mitchell B. Langbert

This article outlines the evolution of the relationship between the emergence of large-scale finance and industry in the American Gilded Age and Progressive eras and the shaping and funding of universities by foundations linked to the emerging industries. Scientism has been a means of gaining and maintaining legitimacy and research funding. Statistics about recent donations reflect the earlier pattern, although the strongly elitist preferences of early funders and shapers of American higher education, such as the Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching and the Rockefeller-Funded General Education Board, have moderated.

2020 ◽  
pp. 089590482095111
Author(s):  
Matthew P. Ison

Free higher education has become a major policy discussion of the past few years, one that is often debated or supported along partisan lines. Those supporting this policy initiative often point to the rising cost of a college education and the barrier it creates for underrepresented populations hoping to access higher education. Others point to a broken financial aid system that leaves more individuals financing their education through student loans, adding to a massive national loan debt now exceeding a trillion dollars. Various arguments for and against a free-tuition program within the American higher education system are addressed. While an argument can be made that all public American higher education should be tuition-free, limiting a large-scale federal program to the American community college has economic and political implications that could make the policy more feasible for a larger percentage of the American public.


2015 ◽  
pp. 21-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip G. Altbach

Classifying higher education institutions in a complex higher education system is quite important for understanding the system and the role of institutions within it. In the United States, the Carnegie Classification, developed by Clark Kerr and the Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching developed such a system. Now, under new leadership, the future of the original model is threatened.


Author(s):  
Holden Thorp ◽  
Buck Goldstein

American higher education is envied around the world and owes its success to an extraordinary partnership with the federal government. Despite this, there is significant political strain in the relationship between the public and higher education. This is due in part to a number of misunderstandings about who goes to college and how much they pay.


2007 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven Crum

In September 1830 the U.S. government negotiated the Treaty of Dancing Rabbit Creek with some leaders of the Choctaw Nation. The treaty reinforced the congressional Indian Removal Act of 1830, which paved the way for the large-scale physical removal of tens of thousands of tribal people of the southeast, including many of the Choctaw. It provided for the “removal” of the Choctaw from their traditional homeland in Mississippi to Indian Territory. Over a two-year period, from 1831 to 1833, roughly thirteen thousand to fifteen thousand Choctaw, or about half of the tribe, moved to the region we now call southeastern Oklahoma


2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-29
Author(s):  
Cynthia Brandenburg ◽  
Michael Kelly

The story of American higher education in the 21st century is told in many ways.  Some versions offer up a transcendental beacon of hope for our collective future prosperity, while other more widely circulated ones read like a faltering tale of desperation and despair.  Of course, the truth likely falls somewhere in the middle, which makes sustained efforts to intentionally explore—and reshape—the nature of current and future educational efforts all the more relevant.  


Author(s):  
Stasė Bučiuvienė ◽  
Simonas Šaulinskas

On the 4th of June, 2015 Lithuania was officially invited to start the process of joining the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development – OECD. Together with an invitation, homework tasks were handed. One of those tasks is to improve education quality in comprehensive schools. From the start of the reform, education matters were of little concern to politicians. Therefore, the relationship was not found between education policy formers and those acting in it, though education reform in Lithuania from the very start of independence had an internationally acknowledged conception, which was evaluated by OECD experts as one of the most prominent strategic documents in East and Middle Europe. For a long time, education problems almost exceptionally were solved only by education workers themselves and thanks to the efforts of education office employees. According to people, having acquired secondary and higher education, Lithuania is among the first in Europe, but the low primary and general education results make one doubt about the quality of our country secondary and higher education. Part of pupils, having not acquired general skills, is an indicator of education system, which can be very important, evaluating Lithuanian preparation for joining EBPO. Education, having come into an independent Lithuania life reconstruction, as one of the most matured and ready for changes society life spheres (Juknys, 2008), the question – to improve primary and general school pupils’ learning results, raised at the beginning of the reform, - did not solve. Key words: education reform, general education, learning results.


2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 33-45
Author(s):  
Gonzalo Araya

En el presente artículo se presentan algunas reflexiones sobre la investigación universitaria y los beneficios que puede aportar al quehacer académico. Se revisa el último Informe Anual sobre el Comportamiento de las Instituciones de Educación Superior Iberoamericanas en materia de investigación, la importancia de la publicación científica y su impacto en la comunidad científica, lo que se complementa con información sobre la inversión chilena en investigación y desarrollo. También se analiza someramente las fuentes de financiamiento para la investigación y la preponderancia de los fondos públicos concursables. Finalmente, se le da una mirada a la investigación educacional y su impacto en los procesos de enseñanza aprendizaje. This article presents some reflections on university research and the benefits it can bring to academic work. The latest annual report on the behavior of Ibero-American higher education institutions regarding research is reviewed, as well as the importance of scientific publication and its impact on the scientific community, which is complemented by information on Chilean investment in research and development. The research funding sources and the preponderance of public competitive funds are also analyzed briefly. Finally, a look at educational research and its impact on teaching-learning processes is given.


2007 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 277-301 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ethan Schrum

World War II stands as a defining moment for American higher education. During the crisis of international relations that existed by the late 1930s, American thinkers of various stripes felt compelled to mobilize the country's intellectual and educational resources in defense of democracy, thus creating “a great ideological revival of democracy that accompanied the war.” The war aims of the United States—as enunciated in the Atlantic Charter and popular portrayals of the “good war” in which the United States fought to free the world from the grips of evil dictatorships—gave tremendous legitimacy to these efforts, which built into a national discussion on the goals of higher education. Between 1943 and 1947, at least five major reports on general education or liberal education appeared, three of which explicitly treated the relation of such education to “democracy” or “free society.”


Author(s):  
Lorenz Dekeyser ◽  
Mieke Van Houtte ◽  
Charlotte Maene ◽  
Peter A.J. Stevens

AbstractAlthough there is a wealth of research on the educational and broader outcomes of tracking in education, there is virtually no research that investigates teachers’ track identities on such outcomes. Building on research that focuses on the determinants of teachers’ job satisfaction, tracking outcomes and social categorization theory, this study tests the relationship between the perceived public regard of a teachers’ track and their job satisfaction, in a Belgian context of within- (vocational, technical and general education tracks) and between-school tracking (multilateral versus categorical schools). Data of the Belgian SIS (School, Identity and Society)-survey, a large-scale dataset gathered in 2017, containing the self-reports of 324 teachers, clustered in 43 secondary schools is used to test particular hypotheses regarding this relationship. The results of a multilevel analysis show that the relationship between teachers’ public track regard and their job satisfaction varies according to the track they teach and whether they work in a categorical or multilateral school. The findings highlight the importance of carrying out further research on tracked identities in education.


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