scholarly journals The Carnegie Classification of American Higher Education: More—and Less—Than Meets the Eye

2015 ◽  
pp. 21-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip G. Altbach
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
The United States ◽  
Original Model ◽  
Carnegie Foundation ◽  
Carnegie Classification ◽  
Higher Education System ◽  
American Higher Education ◽  
Clark Kerr

Classifying higher education institutions in a complex higher education system is quite important for understanding the system and the role of institutions within it. In the United States, the Carnegie Classification, developed by Clark Kerr and the Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching developed such a system. Now, under new leadership, the future of the original model is threatened.

Assessment in American Higher Education: The Role of Admissions Tests

2019 ◽  
Vol 683 (1) ◽  
pp. 130-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca Zwick
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
College Performance ◽  
Admissions Tests ◽  
Higher Education System ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Test Optional ◽  
The Impact

In this article, I review the role of college admissions tests in the United States and consider the fairness issues surrounding their use. The two main tests are the SAT, first administered in 1926, and the ACT, first given in 1959. Scores on these tests have been shown to contribute to the prediction of college performance, but their role in the admissions process varies widely across colleges. Although test scores are consistently listed as one of the most important admissions factors in national surveys of postsecondary institutions, an increasing number of schools have adopted “test-optional” policies. At these institutions, test score requirements are seen as a barrier to campus diversity because of the large performance gaps among ethnic and socioeconomic groups. Fortunately, the decentralized higher education system in the United States can accommodate a wide range of admissions policies. It is essential, however, that the impact of admissions policy changes be studied and that the resource implications of these changes be thoroughly considered.

Clark Kerr

2012 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 481-497
Author(s):  
Paul H. Mattingly
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Education System ◽  
Historical Scholarship ◽  
Higher Education System ◽  
American Higher Education ◽  
Clark Kerr ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The University ◽  
Key Events

This article examines the key events leading to the creation of the California higher education system and Clark Kerr’s influential concept the “multiversity.” The wide, uncritical reception of this term requires explanation, which the essay explores both in terms of Kerr’s 1963 book, The Uses of the University, and in terms of its impact even on historical scholarship about American higher education. The essay concludes by finding the multiversity a highly selective (not an inclusive) standard and a latter-day extension of a pragmatic ideology with a long history and many unacknowledged problems.

scholarly journals THE SYSTEMATIZATION AND CLASSIFICATION OF SOCIO-ECONOMIC PROBLEMS IN HIGHER EDUCATION

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 137
Author(s):  
Anatolii Lomonosov ◽  
Oksana Lomonosova ◽  
Iryna Nadtochii
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Academic Staff ◽  
The United States ◽  
Comparison System ◽  
Higher Education System ◽  
Economic Problems ◽  
Analysis And Synthesis ◽  
Number Of Publications ◽  
The Given

Economic, social, demographic, ideological, and political instability in Ukraine has become the cause of a whole range of socio-economic problems in higher education. It requires studying their composition, interdependence, and impact on higher education. Nowadays different ranges of socio-economic problems in higher education in Ukraine are being discussed in the literature. Despite a large number of publications, the systematization of socio-economic problems in higher education in Ukraine is not given due attention. For a better idea of their composition, interdependence, and focus, it is useful to systematize them and develop their catalogue. The purpose of the study is to identify approaches to systematization and classification of socio-economic problems in higher education in Ukraine. Methodology. The following theoretical methods of socio-economic phenomena and processes learning as abstract-logical (methods of induction and deduction, analysis and synthesis, analogy, generalization, comparison, system-structural, abstraction), content analysis, empirical research (description and comparison), systematization of scientific knowledge were used in research. To systematize socio-economic problems in higher education, their catalogue was developed, on the basis of which these problems were directly systematized and classified. Results. The major socio-economic problems and contradictions in higher education in Ukraine, as well as in European countries and the United States, were determined and analysed in the given study. The analysis of the recent studies and publications on socioeconomic problems in higher education showed that there are currently no proposals for the formation of their single system. On the basis of research, the catalogue containing forty-one most important socio-economic problems in higher education in Ukraine has been developed. For the visual representation of the system of problems and causal relationships between them, a conceptual map has been proposed. For that, the problems that are directly related to the purpose of the study are selected from the catalogue. As an example, a conceptual map of socio-economic problems caused by inadequate funding for higher education, as well as problems linked with the formation and maintaining its principal resource – academic staff – was developed. To classify the socio-economic problems in higher education in Ukraine, a 3×3 matrix is proposed, in which problems in higher education are grouped depending on the place of their manifestation and the place of solution. The places of manifestation and places of the solution are defined as: a sphere of higher education, other spheres, a sphere of higher education, and other spheres simultaneously. It allows us to identify the problems, solution to which society puts on higher education only, and those that require joint efforts. Distribution of problems by the determined features identifies their targeting and the degree of responsibility of the higher education system for their solution. The practical relevance of the given study is to provide further research on the state of higher education and problems of its functioning. The approaches proposed to the systematization and classification of socio-economic problems in higher education in Ukraine can be applied to other countries as well.

The Uses of the University: After Fifty Years

2012 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 473-479
Author(s):  
Michael A. Bernstein
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
United States ◽  
Research University ◽  
The United States ◽  
Harvard University ◽  
University Of California ◽  
Clark Kerr ◽  
To Come ◽  
The University

It is now almost a half century since Clark Kerr (1911–2003) delivered the 1963 Edwin L. Godkin Lectures at Harvard University, presenting what was ultimately recognized as one of the most significant and influential ruminations on the nature of higher education in the United States. This sustained reflection on the modern evolution of the research university, ultimately published by Harvard University Press as The Uses of the University (1963), framed discussion and debate regarding the role of what Kerr called “the multiversity” for decades to come. In this endeavor, there was no one at the time better suited to the task. An economist who had served for several years on the faculty at the University of Washington, Seattle, Kerr joined the University of California, Berkeley, in 1945. Appointed Berkeley's first chancellor in 1952, he was the mastermind behind the enormous expansion (in both capacity and excellence) that marked the campus's immediate postwar history. By 1958, as the then legendary Robert Gordon Sproul concluded his 28-year duty as University of California (UC) president, Kerr seemed the obvious and best choice as successor.

Classification of higher education institutions: qualitative content analysis

2020 ◽  
pp. 87-99
Author(s):  
Liāna Supe ◽  
Ingūna Jurgelāne-Kaldava
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
United States ◽  
Content Analysis ◽  
United States Of America ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Qualitative Content Analysis ◽  
Higher Education Institutions ◽  
The United States ◽  
Carnegie Classification

Aim – to identify criterions and parameters for classification of higher education institutions, using research method – qualitative content analysis. The following tasks are defined for reaching the aim: to conduct qualitative content analysis and define categories and their frequency; to describe and analyse defined categories; to compare different classifications of higher education institutions; to summarize the analysis results and draw conclusions. Research methodology – overview of literature and qualitative content analysis. Findings – qualitative content analysis helps to structure the information gathered, to select the relevant and applicable, and leads to the development of new categories; higher education institutions are classified in many ways, using different criterions and parameters; classifications made by individual researchers are available, as well as universally known and applied classifications of higher education institutions such as Carnegie Classification and European classification of higher education institutions. Research limitations – the classification of higher education institutions is analysed only from Europe and the United States of America.

The Early Years of the Jewish Presence at the University of Illinois

1992 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 215-245
Author(s):  
Winton U. Solberg
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
The United States ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Characteristic Form ◽  
University Of Illinois ◽  
American Higher Education ◽  
Jewish Students ◽  
The University ◽  
The Church

For over two centuries, the College was the characteristic form of higher education in the United States, and the College was closely allied to the church in a predominantly Protestant land. The university became the characteristic form of American higher education starting in the late nineteenth Century, and universities long continued to reflect the nation's Protestant culture. By about 1900, however, Catholics and Jews began to enter universities in increasing numbers. What was the experience of Jewish students in these institutions, and how did authorities respond to their appearance? These questions will be addressed in this article by focusing on the Jewish presence at the University of Illinois in the early twentieth Century. Religion, like a red thread, is interwoven throughout the entire fabric of this story.

Educational Entrepreneurs in Tamil Nadu - A Profile

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Siluvai Raja
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
United States ◽  
World Bank ◽  
Education System ◽  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
The United States ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Higher Education System ◽  
The Third ◽  
The World

Education has been considered as an indispensable asset of every individual, community and nation today. Indias higher education system is the third largest in the world, after China and the United States (World Bank). Tamil Nadu occupies the first place in terms of possession of higher educational institutions in the private sector in the country with over 46 percent(27) universities, 94 percent(464) professional colleges and 65 percent(383) arts and science colleges(2011). Studies to understand the profile of the entrepreneurs providing higher education either in India or Tamil Nadu were hardly available. This paper attempts to map the demographic profile of the entrepreneurs providing higher education in Arts and Science colleges in Tamil Nadu through an empirical analysis, carried out among 25 entrepreneurs spread across the state. This paper presents a summary of major inferences of the analysis.

Book Review: The Shaping of American Higher Education

NASPA Journal ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gary H. Knock
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Early History ◽  
Quarter Century ◽  
American Higher Education ◽  
History Of ◽  
Broad Understanding

In the introduction of this book, Arthur Cohen states that The Shaping of American Higher Education is less a history than a synthesis. While accurate, this depiction in no way detracts from the value of the book. This work synthesizes the first three centuries of development of high-er education in the United States. A number of books detail the early history of the American collegiate system; however, this book also pro-vides an up-to-date account of developments and context for under-standing the transformation of American higher education in the last quarter century. A broad understanding of the book’s subtitle, Emergence and Growth of the Contemporary System, is truly realized by the reader.

“I Knew It Was Gonna Be Hard, but I Always Knew I Had Support From My Parents”: The Role of Family on Undocumented Students’ College Aspirations and Persistence

2021 ◽  
pp. 152102512110188
Author(s):  
Cinthya Salazar
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Undocumented Students ◽  
The United States ◽  
Public University ◽  
College Aspirations ◽  
Higher Education Research ◽  
Research And Practice ◽  
Postsecondary Success ◽  
States Experience

Literature shows that undocumented students in the United States experience significant challenges to and through higher education. Only a few studies have uncovered the mechanisms that undocumented students use to persist in college; in particular, the role that family plays on their postsecondary success is understudied. In this qualitative study, I examine the role that family plays on undocumented students’ college aspirations and persistence. Findings from a sample of 16 undocumented students attending a four-year public university show that their families are the stimulus motivating them to pursue higher education, as well as the support system they can rely on to manage college barriers. However, the data also revealed that for a few participants, their families are a source of stress, resulting in additional challenges they must manage as they navigate higher education. I present these findings using participants’ vignettes and conclude with implications for higher education research and practice.

scholarly journals American Engineering Doctoral Enrollments

2015 ◽  
pp. 23-24
Author(s):  
Richard Skinner
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
United States ◽  
International Education ◽  
Doctoral Programs ◽  
The United States ◽  
American Higher Education ◽  
Long Term Trends

International education has deep historical roots and has spurred relationships that persist for decades. In the case of the United States and the field of engineering, American dependence since the mid-1960s on other countries' students – especially Indian ones – for enrollments and graduates of engineering doctoral programs has been, is and will likely continue to be significant. But long-term trends portend a time when the appeal of American higher education may be less than has been the case.

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