Modelling and estimation of HIV prevalence and number of people living with HIV in India, 2010–2011

The HIV infection prevalence rate suggests that in the Russian Federation the number of new cases of infection continues to grow. The retrospective epidemiological analysis of HIV infection in the Amur region was performed during a 5-year period from 2013 to 2017. The study included evaluation of incidence and prevalence rates, morbidity and mortality patterns. A positive HIV status has 0,14% of the region population. In 2017, the HIV-incidence rate equaled to 10,97‰00. Similar incidence rates were registered during 2015 and 2016. During 2013–2017 annual growth of HIV-prevalence that reached its peak in 2017 and exceeded the previous year’s rate at 18,3±0,65% (p=0,001) was registered. The highest HIV prevalence was detected at age from 30 to 39 years (45%). Among the HIV-positive people, sexual transmission route was dominant and during 2017 and totaled to 87%. Among people living with HIV registered for outpatient treatment, the most frequent stages of the disease (representing 97,7% of all clinical forms) were subclinical stage diagnosed in 251,3‰ [95% CI 232,2–270,3] and second stage (of secondary manifestations) totaled to 216,1‰ [95% CI 191,5–240,5]. This indicates on the development of the concentrated stage of HIV infection in the Amur region. Epidemiologic features of infection spread in the Amur region derives not only from active cross-border movements of citizens, but also from the specifics of demography processes.

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Estimating the burden of pediatric HIV in an ‘A’ category district in India: an epidemiological study

BMC Pediatrics ◽

10.1186/s12887-021-02836-4 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Anju Sinha ◽

Reynold Washington ◽

Rajeev Sethumadhavan ◽

Rajaram Subramanian Potty ◽

Shajy Isac ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Disease Burden ◽

Control Program ◽

Hiv Prevalence ◽

Pediatric Hiv ◽

Hiv Positive ◽

People Living With Hiv ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Longitudinal Methods ◽

Persons Living With Hiv ◽

Living With Hiv

Abstract Background India lacks epidemiological information on the disease burden of pediatric HIV. The National AIDS Control Program (NACP) estimates the numbers of HIV-positive children as a proportion of adult persons living with HIV. A third of HIV-positive children die before their first birthday and a half before they reach their second birthday. The early detection of HIV is crucial for the prevention of morbidities, growth delays, and death among HIV-positive children. Methods The study aimed to estimate the disease burden of pediatric HIV among children in ‘A’ category district of a high HIV prevalence state. An ‘A’ category district is defined by the presence of > 1% HIV prevalence among the general population, as estimated by HIV Sentinel Surveillance. The study used an innovative three-pronged strategy combining cross-sectional and longitudinal methods. The overall burden of pediatric HIV was calculated as a product of cases detected multiplied by a net inflation factor, for each of three strategies. Results The existing pool of HIV infection in the district is estimated to be 3266 (95% CI: 2621–4197) HIV positive children < 15 years of age, in a mid-year (2013) projected child population of about 1.4 million, thus giving an HIV prevalence of 0.23% (CI: 0.19–0.30) among children (0–14 years of age). The proportion of children among all people living with HIV in the district works out to 10.4% (CI: 8.6–13.5%). Conclusions The study estimate of 0.23% HIV prevalence among children (0–14 years of age) is higher than the NACP estimates (0.02) and is 2.5 higher than the Karnataka state estimate (0.09)22. Similarly, the proportion of children among all persons living with HIV in Belgaum district is 10.4% in this study, as against 6.54% for India. The study methodology is replicable for other settings and other diseases.

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Low Partner Testing in High HIV Prevalence Setting in Freetown, Sierra Leone: A Retrospective Study

10.21203/rs.2.11135/v3 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Sulaiman Lakoh ◽

Emmanuel Firima ◽

Darlinda F. Jiba ◽

Momodu Sesay ◽

Mariama Marco Conteh ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Retrospective Study ◽

Sierra Leone ◽

Tertiary Hospital ◽

Hiv Prevalence ◽

People Living With Hiv ◽

Hiv Diagnosis ◽

Partner Testing ◽

Hiv Test ◽

Living With Hiv ◽

Testing And Counseling

Abstract Objective: Despite a 1.5% national HIV prevalence, 33% of people living with HIV in Sierra Leone know their status. Limited activities on testing partners of HIV patients could be contributory to this substantial unawareness of HIV status. We carried out a retrospective study aimed at assessing partner testing and HIV prevalence among adults (≥15 years) tested using DetermineTM and SD Bioline as recorded in the HIV testing registers from January to December 2017 at Connaught Hospital, an urban tertiary hospital in Sierra Leone. Results: Of the 3808 clients tested for HIV, 2048(53.8%) were females. The median age was 31 (IQR 24 – 42) years and 2104 (55.3%) were single. While 3014(79.1%) had Provider-Initiated Testing and Counseling (PITC), 794 (20.9%) had Client-Initiated Testing and Counseling (CITC). HIV test was positive in 925 (24.3%) {CI 22.9 – 25.6, P< 0.001} clients. Of the 17 (0.4%) partners tested for HIV, 9 (52.9%) were positive. PITC yielded more HIV positive cases (760, 25.2%) than CITC (165, 20.8%). Partner testing (P=0.007), female sex (P<0.001) and PITC (P=0.006) were associated with a positive HIV diagnosis. With high HIV prevalence and low partner testing, activities on partner testing are needed to improve the response to the epidemic.

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Low partner testing in high HIV prevalence setting in Freetown, Sierra Leone: a retrospective study

BMC Research Notes ◽

10.1186/s13104-019-4662-9 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Sulaiman Lakoh ◽

Emmanuel Firima ◽

Darlinda F. Jiba ◽

Momodu Sesay ◽

Mariama Marco Conteh ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Retrospective Study ◽

Sierra Leone ◽

Tertiary Hospital ◽

Hiv Prevalence ◽

People Living With Hiv ◽

Hiv Diagnosis ◽

Partner Testing ◽

Hiv Test ◽

Living With Hiv ◽

Testing And Counseling

Abstract Objective Despite a 1.5% National HIV prevalence, less than 40% of people living with HIV in Sierra Leone know their status. Limited activities on testing partners of HIV patients could be contributory to this substantial unawareness of HIV status. We carried out a retrospective study aimed at assessing partner testing and HIV prevalence among adults (≥ 15 years) tested using Determine™ and SD Bioline as recorded in the HIV testing registers from January to December 2017 at Connaught Hospital, an urban tertiary hospital in Sierra Leone. Results Of the 3808 clients tested for HIV, 2048 (53.8%) were females. The median age was 31 (IQR 24–42) years and 2104 (55.3%) were single. While 3014 (79.1%) had Provider-Initiated Testing and Counseling (PITC), 794 (20.9%) had Client-Initiated Testing and Counseling (CITC). HIV test was positive in 925 (24.3%) {CI 22.9–25.6, P < 0.001} clients. Of the 17 (0.4%) partners tested for HIV, 9 (52.9%) were positive. PITC yielded more HIV positive cases (760, 25.2%) than CITC (165, 20.8%). Partner testing (P = 0.007), female sex (P < 0.001) and PITC (P = 0.006) were associated with a positive HIV diagnosis. With high HIV prevalence and low partner testing, activities on partner testing are needed to improve the response to the epidemic.

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The Epidemiology Pattern of Human Immunodeficiency Virus/Acquire Immune Deficiency Syndrome, Diagnostic, Transmission and Prevention in Nigeria-Past and Present

Asian Journal of Research in Infectious Diseases ◽

10.9734/ajrid/2021/v6i330198 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 29-50

Author(s):

C. E. Oguh ◽

E. N. O. Obiwulu ◽

I. M. Sheshi ◽

S. E. Ameh ◽

C. O. Okpaka ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Immune Deficiency ◽

Acquire Immune Deficiency Syndrome ◽

Sex Workers ◽

Immune Deficiency Syndrome ◽

Deficiency Syndrome ◽

Hiv Prevalence ◽

People Living With Hiv ◽

Adults And Children ◽

Living With Hiv ◽

Hiv Aids

Human immune Virus/Acquire immune deficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) epidemic is one of the major public health challenges faced by Nigeria. The review present the Epidemiology of Human immune Virus/Acquire immune deficiency syndrome, diagnostic and Prevention in Nigeria. The method use was based on the data obtain in Nigeria. Nigeria’s first two AIDS cases were diagnosed in 1985 in Lagos. Today, Nigeria’s epidemic is characterized as one the most rapidly increased rates of HIV/AIDS cases in West Africa. Nigeria's population of 160 million and estimated HIV prevalence of 3.34% (2011) makes Nigeria the second highest HIV burden worldwide, with 3.2 million people living with HIV (PLHIV). Recently, it is estimated that about 3, 229, 757 people live with HIV in Nigeria and about 220, 393 new HIV infections occurred in 2013 and 210,031 died from AIDS- related causes. As of 2020 in Nigeria, the HIV prevalence rate among adults ages 15–49 was 3.1 percent Nigeria has the second-largest number of people living with HIV. In some states, the epidemic is more concentrated and driven by high-risk behaviors, while other states have more generalized epidemics that are sustained primarily by multiple sexual partnerships in the general population. HIV is spread by sexual contact with an infected person and by blood or body fluid exchange through sharing of contaminated needles or transfusions of infected blood or blood clotting factors. Infants born to HIV-infected women may become infected in gestation, during birth, or through breastfeeding. An antenatal clinic (ANC) HIV seroprevalence sentinel survey has been conducted biennially in Nigeria since 1991 to track the epidemic. The Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) estimates that 3.5 million Nigerian adults and children were living with HIV/AIDS by the end of 2001. Among sex workers in Lagos, HIV prevalence rose from 2 percent in 1988–89 to 12 percent in 1990–91. By 1995–96, up to 70 percent of sex workers tested positive. As a result of the epidemic, the crude death rate in Nigeria was about 20 percent higher in 2000 than in 1990. In 2019, 170,000 adults and children died of AIDS and UNAIDS estimated that 1 million children orphaned by AIDS were living in Nigeria. The main thrust of HIV prevention strategies in Nigeria is based on the following: Information, Education, and Communication; Condom Promotion; Behavior Change; and Vaccine Development.

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Caregiver Burden among Adults Caring For People Living With HIV/AIDS in Mysuru

International Journal of Indian Psychology ◽

10.25215/0501.081 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Arun Lakshmi ◽

M B Ravikumar ◽

B. S Kumarswamy.

Keyword(s):

Emotional Support ◽

Social Impact ◽

Annual Report ◽

Hiv Prevalence ◽

People Living With Hiv ◽

Economic Assistance ◽

High Burden ◽

Rural Caregivers ◽

Male Caregivers ◽

Living With Hiv

National Aids Control Organization (NACO) annual report 2016-17, as per the India HIV Estimation 2015 report, adult (15-49 years) HIV prevalence in India was estimated at 0.26% in 2015. In 2015, adult HIV prevalence was estimated at 0.30% among males and at 0.22 % among females. The number of people living with HIV (PLHIV) in India was estimated at 21.17 Lakhs in 2015 compared with 22.26 Lakhs in 2007. They may have a large psychological, physical and social impact on infected individuals and their families. People living with HIV rely on relatives for emotional support and economic assistance. Family or caregivers experience enormous physical emotional burden while caring for such relatives. The present investigation aims at finding out the level of burden and whether gender and domicile has any influence on burden in caregivers. The sample consists of 80 caregivers (40 male 40 female) they were selected from K R Hospital ART centre, Mysore. Result reveals that female caregivers experience high burden compare to male caregivers and rural caregivers have high burden compare to urban caregivers. The study discusses the implications for the need of intervention for the caregivers of HIV to improve their mental health.

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Beyond HIV prevalence: identifying people living with HIV within underserved areas in South Africa

BMJ Global Health ◽

10.1136/bmjgh-2020-004089 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 6 (4) ◽

pp. e004089

Author(s):

Hana Kim ◽

Frank Tanser ◽

Andrew Tomita ◽

Alain Vandormael ◽

Diego F Cuadros

Keyword(s):

South Africa ◽

High Resolution ◽

Optimal Allocation ◽

Healthcare Facility ◽

Hiv Prevalence ◽

People Living With Hiv ◽

Related Services ◽

Essential Information ◽

Kwazulu Natal ◽

Living With Hiv

IntroductionDespite progress towards the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS 95-95-95 targets, South Africa is still suffering from one of the largest HIV epidemics globally. In this study, we generated high-resolution HIV prevalence maps and identified people living with HIV (PLHIV) in underserved areas to provide essential information for the optimal allocation of HIV-related services.MethodsThe data come from the South Africa Demographic and Health Survey conducted in 2016 and spatial variables from other published literature. We produced high-resolution maps of HIV prevalence and underserved areas, defined as a greater than 30 min travel time to the nearest healthcare facility. Using these maps and the population density, we mapped PLHIV and the PLHIV within underserved areas for 30, 60 and 120 min thresholds.ResultsThere was substantial geographic variation in HIV prevalence, ranging from 1.4% to 24.2%, with a median of 11.5% for men, and from 2.1% to 48.1%, with a median of 20.6% for women. Gauteng province showed the highest density for both HIV prevalence and PLHIV. 80% of all areas in the country were identified as underserved areas (30 min threshold), which contained more than 16% and 20% of the total men and women living with HIV, respectively. KwaZulu-Natal province had the largest number of PLHIV in underserved areas (30 min threshold) and showed less than one healthcare facility per 1000 PLHIV.ConclusionOur study showed extensive spatial variation of HIV prevalence and significant numbers of PLHIV in underserved areas in South Africa. Moreover, we identified locations where HIV-related services need to be intensified to reach the ~1.5 million PLHIV in underserved areas, particularly in KwaZulu-Natal province, with less than one healthcare facility per 1000 PLHIV.

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HIV prevalence and estimated number of people living with HIV, 2017

Health at a Glance: Asia/Pacific 2018 - Health at a Glance: Asia/Pacific ◽

10.1787/health_glance_ap-2018-graph50-en ◽

2018 ◽

Keyword(s):

Hiv Prevalence ◽

People Living With Hiv ◽

Living With Hiv

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Estimates of the Number of People Living with HIV in Italy

BioMed Research International ◽

10.1155/2014/209619 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 2014 ◽

pp. 1-6 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Laura Camoni ◽

Vincenza Regine ◽

Karen Stanecki ◽

Maria Cristina Salfa ◽

Mariangela Raimondo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

United Nations ◽

Hiv Infections ◽

Hiv Prevalence ◽

People Living With Hiv ◽

Joint United Nations Programme ◽

Need Of Care ◽

Nations Programme ◽

United Nations Programme ◽

Living With Hiv ◽

Hiv Aids

Objective. To estimate the HIV prevalence and the number of people living with HIV (PLHIV) in Italy with a projection for 2020.Methods. Two methods elaborated by Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) were used: Estimate and Projection Package and Spectrum.Results. A total of 123,000 (115,000–145,000) individuals aged 15 or more were estimated to be living with HIV in Italy at the end of 2012 and the estimated HIV prevalence was 0.28 (0.24–0.32) per 100 residents aged 15 or more. In 2012, the estimated number of new HIV infections among adults was 3,000 (2,700–4,000), and the number of adults in need for ART was 93,000 (80,000–110,000). The projection estimates that 130,000 (110,000–150,000) adults will live with HIV/AIDS in 2020 in Italy.Conclusion. Estimates of PLHIV in Italy stress the high number of PLHIV in need of care and treatment, as well as the need for more information and prevention campaigns.

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