Estimating the burden of pediatric HIV in an ‘A’ category district in India: an epidemiological study

Abstract Background India lacks epidemiological information on the disease burden of pediatric HIV. The National AIDS Control Program (NACP) estimates the numbers of HIV-positive children as a proportion of adult persons living with HIV. A third of HIV-positive children die before their first birthday and a half before they reach their second birthday. The early detection of HIV is crucial for the prevention of morbidities, growth delays, and death among HIV-positive children. Methods The study aimed to estimate the disease burden of pediatric HIV among children in ‘A’ category district of a high HIV prevalence state. An ‘A’ category district is defined by the presence of > 1% HIV prevalence among the general population, as estimated by HIV Sentinel Surveillance. The study used an innovative three-pronged strategy combining cross-sectional and longitudinal methods. The overall burden of pediatric HIV was calculated as a product of cases detected multiplied by a net inflation factor, for each of three strategies. Results The existing pool of HIV infection in the district is estimated to be 3266 (95% CI: 2621–4197) HIV positive children < 15 years of age, in a mid-year (2013) projected child population of about 1.4 million, thus giving an HIV prevalence of 0.23% (CI: 0.19–0.30) among children (0–14 years of age). The proportion of children among all people living with HIV in the district works out to 10.4% (CI: 8.6–13.5%). Conclusions The study estimate of 0.23% HIV prevalence among children (0–14 years of age) is higher than the NACP estimates (0.02) and is 2.5 higher than the Karnataka state estimate (0.09)22. Similarly, the proportion of children among all persons living with HIV in Belgaum district is 10.4% in this study, as against 6.54% for India. The study methodology is replicable for other settings and other diseases.

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Estimating the burden of Paediatric HIV in an ‘A’ category district in India: An epidemiological study

10.21203/rs.3.rs-140900/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Anju Sinha ◽

Reynold Washington ◽

Rajeev Sethumadhvan ◽

Rajaram Potty ◽

Shajy Isac ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Disease Burden ◽

Control Program ◽

Hiv Prevalence ◽

Pediatric Hiv ◽

Hiv Positive ◽

People Living With Hiv ◽

Paediatric Hiv ◽

Persons Living With Hiv ◽

Sick Children ◽

Living With Hiv

Abstract Background: Epidemiological information on the disease burden of paediatric HIV is lacking in India. The National AIDS Control Program (NACP) provides estimates of paediatric HIV based on its projections of adult infections. The window of opportunity for diagnosis and treatment is very narrow a third of HIV infected children do not see their first birthday and half of them do not reach their second birthday. Early detection of pediatric HIV is crucial for prevention of morbidities, growth delays and death. Methods: The study aimed to estimate the disease burden of pediatric HIV among children in ‘A’ category district of a high HIV prevalence state. The study used an innovative multipronged methodology to estimate the disease burden in a high burden district in India. Details of methodology have been published and include early case detection in infants (0-18 months) born to HIV positive women, among children in families with HIV positive parents, and among sick children (0 to 14 years) presenting in a health facility and screened using a modified IMCI-HIV algorithm, were methods used. The overall burden of paediatric HIV was calculated as a product of cases detected in each strategy multiplied by a net inflation factor for each strategy.Results: The existing pool of HIV infection in the district works out to be 3266 HIV positive children <15 years of age, among a mid-year (2013) projected child population of 1401688, thus giving us an overall HIV prevalence among children of 0.23%. The proportion of children among all people living with HIV in the district works out to 10.4% (3266/ (3266+28119)Conclusions: The study reported a higher prevalence than reported earlier from projections of the NACP. An overall 0.23% HIV prevalence among children was estimated which is 2.5 times that of the earlier reported prevalence for Karnataka state. The proportion of children among all persons living with HIV in Belgaum district in this study is 10.4% against 6.54% reported earlier for India. The study methodology is replicable for other settings and other diseases.

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Disclosure of HIV status by people living with HIV/AIDS in tertiary care hospital in Western Maharashtra

International Journal of Community Medicine and Public Health ◽

10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20202999 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 7 (7) ◽

pp. 2691

Author(s):

Sumit Lathwal ◽

Saurabh Mahajan ◽

Arun K. Yadav

Keyword(s):

Tertiary Care Hospital ◽

Tertiary Care ◽

Hiv Positive ◽

People Living With Hiv ◽

Care Hospital ◽

Hiv Status ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Persons Living With Hiv ◽

Living With Hiv ◽

Hiv Aids

Background: Disclosure is a planned and selective behavior that responds to the balance of potential risks and benefits of secrecy and disclosure of the person living with HIV. The disclosure of HIV status to sexual partners, family or friends, has been shown to be a potent stressor, as persons living with HIV/AIDS might fear negative reactions such as blame, rejection or violence. This study was carried out with an aim to study the patterns of HIV status disclosure and the problems related with it among the HIV positive patients admitted in a tertiary care hospital in Western Maharashtra.Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive, hospital based study carried out in a tertiary care hospital of Western Maharashtra from 01 October 2008 to 30 September 2010. A total of 92 consenting respondents admitted in the hospital were administered a pre tested semi-structured questionnaire to collect the data. The results were analysed using SPSS Ver 16.0.Results: Out of 74 married HIV positive individuals who had a chance to disclose their sero-status to spouse, 64 (86.5%, 95% CI-78.7% to 94.29%) voluntarily disclosed their HIV status to spouse while a small number i.e. 10 (13.5%, 95% CI- 05.71% to 21.29%) did not disclose their HIV status to spouse.Conclusions: This exploratory analysis suggests the need for tailoring interventions for improving disclosure decisions making and outcomes. Institutionalized measures need to be enforced judiciously to assist the HIV positive individuals to reveal their status to their wife and other members of their social group.

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Food consumption and nutritional status of people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA): a case of Thika and Bungoma Districts, Kenya

Public Health Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s1368980009990826 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 13 (4) ◽

pp. 475-479 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Elizabeth Nafula Kuria

Keyword(s):

Nutritional Status ◽

Food Consumption ◽

Dietary Habits ◽

Well Being ◽

Hiv Positive ◽

People Living With Hiv ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Living With Hiv ◽

Hiv Aids

AbstractObjectiveTo establish the food consumption, dietary habits and nutritional status of people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) and adults whose HIV status is not established.DesignCross-sectional descriptive survey.SettingThika and Bungoma Districts, Kenya.SubjectsA random sample of 439 adults; 174 adults living with HIV/AIDS and 265 adults whose HIV/AIDS status was not established in Thika and Bungoma Districts.ResultsMajority of PLWHA consume foods that are low in nutrients to build up the immune system and help maintain adequate weight, and there is little variety in the foods they consume. More adults who are HIV-positive are undernourished than those whose status is not established. Of the HIV-positive adults, those with a BMI of ≤18·5 kg/m2 were 23·6 % (Thika 20·0 % and Bungoma 25·7 %) while of the adults whose status is not established those with BMI ≤ 18·5 kg/m2 were 13·9 % (Thika 9·3 % and Bungoma 16·7 %).ConclusionsAdults who are HIV-positive are more likely to be undernourished than those whose status is not established, as there is a significant difference (P = 0·000) between the nutritional status (BMI) of PLWHA and those whose HIV/AIDS status is not established. PLWHA consume foods that are low in nutrients to promote their nutritional well-being and health.

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HIV positive sero-status disclosure and its determinants among people living with HIV /AIDS following ART clinic in Jimma University Specialized Hospital, Southwest Ethiopia: a facility- based cross-sectional study

Archives of Public Health ◽

10.1186/s13690-017-0251-3 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 76 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Tamiru Tesfaye ◽

Jiregna Darega ◽

Tefera Belachew ◽

Abebe Abera

Keyword(s):

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Hiv Positive ◽

People Living With Hiv ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Southwest Ethiopia ◽

Specialized Hospital ◽

Living With Hiv ◽

Status Disclosure ◽

Jimma University

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Exploration of the Effect of Tobacco Smoking on Metabolic Measures in Young People Living with HIV

AIDS Research and Treatment ◽

10.1155/2014/740545 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 2014 ◽

pp. 1-8 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Mark L. Rubinstein ◽

D. Robert Harris ◽

Bret J. Rudy ◽

Bill G. Kapogiannis ◽

Grace M. Aldrovandi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Tobacco Smoking ◽

Fat Distribution ◽

Cardiac Risk ◽

Hiv Positive ◽

People Living With Hiv ◽

Mineral Density ◽

Multicenter Studies ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Total Body ◽

Living With Hiv

We conducted cross-sectional, multicenter studies in HIV-positive young women and men to assess metabolic and morphologic complications from tobacco smoking in 372 behaviorally infected HIV-positive youth, aged 14–25 years. Measurements included self-reported tobacco use, fasting lipids, glucose, fat distribution, and bone mineral density (BMD; dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry scans). Overall, 144 (38.7%) self-reported smoking tobacco and 69 (47.9%) of these reported smoking greater than five cigarettes per day. Smokers versus nonsmokers had lower mean total cholesterol (146.0 versus 156.1 mg/dL;P<0.01) and lower mean total body fat percent (24.1% versus 27.2%,P=0.03). There was no difference between smokers and nonsmokers in fasting glucose or BMD. There appear to be only minimal effects from tobacco smoking on markers of cardiac risk and bone health in this population of HIV-positive youth. While these smokers may not have had sufficient exposure to tobacco to detect changes in the outcome measures, given the long-term risks associated with smoking and HIV, it is critical that we encourage HIV-positive youth smokers to quit before the deleterious effects become apparent.

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Abstract P326: Multilevel Analysis Of Concentrated Neighborhood Disadvantage And Cardiometabolic Factors In People Living With Hiv

Circulation ◽

10.1161/circ.141.suppl_1.p326 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 141 (Suppl_1) ◽

Author(s):

Tekeda F Ferguson ◽

Katherine Theal ◽

David Welsh ◽

Patricia E Molina

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Social Determinants ◽

Significant Proportion ◽

High Density Lipoproteins ◽

People Living With Hiv ◽

Concentrated Disadvantage ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Persons Living With Hiv ◽

Living With Hiv

Aging persons living with HIV (PLWH) are a vulnerable population at higher risk for chronic illnesses such as metabolic alterations, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and cancer. Community and specifically, neighborhood, factors may play a key role in the development of comorbidities. Availability of healthy food stores, physical activity resources, walking/physical activity environment, and neighborhood socioeconomic status have all been individually associated with a higher odds of having ideal cardiovascular health scores. We hypothesized that exposure concentrated disadvantage at the community level impact cardio metabolic outcomes in PLWH. We examined this hypothesis in a cross-sectional analysis of the N ew O rleans A lcohol use in H IV [NOAH] Study of adult PLWH under care (n=365). Hypertension (HTN) was defined as a mean systolic ≥130-139 or diastolic blood pressure ≥80-89 mmHg. Metabolic syndrome (MS) was defined as having 3 of 5 conditions: HTN, low high-density lipoproteins (≤40 (men)/50 (women)), high triglycerides (≥ 150mg/dl), high glucose (≥100 mg/dl), waist circumference >88(women)/102(men). Multivariable logistic regression and multilevel binomial regression analyses were performed adjusting for age, race, smoking, and viral load. The majority of participants were African American (83.6%) with a mean age 48.2 ±10.4, 68.8% male and 31.2% female. MS was prevalent in 36.1%, HTN 66.0%, diabetes 14%, dyslipidemia 28.2%, and 27.4% were obese. There was substantial clustering of cardiometabolic outcomes by neighborhood, with intra-class correlations (ICC) near or greater than 20% for BMI, diabetes, hypertension, and metabolic syndrome. Neighborhood concentrated disadvantage explained a significant proportion of the variance in diabetes (ICC drop from 18% to 8%) and the likelihood of having diabetes increases by 33% for each unit increase in neighborhood concentrated disadvantage (odds ratio = 1.33, 95% CI=1.02, 1.74). Our results suggest a significant role of environmental factors on cardio metabolic comorbidities among PLWH. There is a critical need for a deeper understanding of the roles that social determinants at the community and interpersonal levels play in chronic comorbidities in PLWH. Neighborhoods and social spaces are important contexts through which social determinants act to shape health and health behavior. (Supported by: NIH P60AA009803)

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Role of Nurses in the Treatment and Care of HIV/AIDS patients - based on the dimensions of health care.

International Journal for Innovation Education and Research ◽

10.31686/ijier.vol6.iss1.935 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. 199-212

Author(s):

Glodiana Sinanaj ◽

Arjan Harxhi ◽

Brunilda Subashi

Keyword(s):

Health Care ◽

Nursing Care ◽

People Living With Hiv ◽

Positive Trend ◽

Aids Patients ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Old Patients ◽

Persons Living With Hiv ◽

Living With Hiv ◽

Hiv Aids

There is a lack of nursing studies that are specifically focused on assessing and caring for people living with HIV / AIDS to improve their quality of life. Little is known about the current situation regarding the care of persons living with HIV / AIDS.This cross-sectional, descriptive and analytical study will try to identify the assessment of nursing care in order to promote a better understanding of nursing care. A structured self-administered questionnaire administered from April 30 to June 15, 2014, was used for data collection.The participants were 55 patients, whose average age was 33.3 ±7.98 years, ranging from 20 to 55 years of age, out of which 24 (43.6%) of patients were female, while 31 (56.4% of them were males). They had different socioeconomic and educational levels. Regarding the biological dimension of nursing care, despite a positive trend in patient care estimation, differences between individual patient groups are observed based on the educational level.So patients with secondary and higher education are more likely to positively assess nursing care by the biological dimension versus 8-year-old patients. While with the psychological dimension and with other dimensions such as spiritual, social, stigmatization and discrimination there is no statistically significant relation between the socio-demographic characteristics of patients.Among the 5 dimensions, it is noticed that patients have evaluated less positively stigma, discrimination, compared to other dimensions. So patients are noticed a dissatisfaction with the fact that they are treated by nurses at the time of health care. The Nursing School to increase the development and implementation of quality research should identify the feelings, experiences, experiences and meanings of HIV/AIDS patients on nursing care. HIV / AIDS is a growing risk of modern times, requiring long-lasting research and research.

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Beyond biomarkers and towards functional outcomes for adult persons living with HIV. A cross sectional survey in Blantyre Urban, Malawi.

10.21203/rs.2.18294/v1 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Steven Derrick Manyozo ◽

Nesto Tarimo ◽

Gift Kawalazira ◽

Adamson Sinjani Muula

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

International Classification Of Functioning ◽

Categorical Variables ◽

People Living With Hiv ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Mental Functions ◽

Persons Living With Hiv ◽

Associated Risk Factors ◽

Study Participants ◽

Living With Hiv

Abstract Introduction Despite improvements in survival, reports indicate that people living with HIV are experiencing a range of physical, cognitive, mental and social health-related challenges associated with HIV, comorbidities and aging recently termed ‘disability’. Among adult persons living with HIV in Malawi, the prevalence of disability and associated risk factors are not known. This study was designed to assess the prevalence of impairments, activity limitations and associated risk factors among adults living with HIV in Blantyre urban, Malawi. Methods We conducted a quantitative cross sectional study among adult persons living with HIV in Blantyre urban from March to August 2018. Participants were recruited consecutively from 5 health centers. We used the WHO’s International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) for data collection. Written informed consent was sourced from study participants, permission was granted at each study site and the study received ethics approval from the College of Medicine Research Ethics Committee (COMREC). Descriptive statistics were used to summarize the data. Categorical variables were summarized as frequencies and percentages and continuous variables were summarized using means and standard deviation. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression were used to assess association between presence of disability and selected factors. Odds ratios (OR) and their 95% confidence intervals were calculated. Results Of the 277 participants enrolled in the study, 225 (81%) were female and 52 (19%) were male. The mean age of participants was 37 years ( std. dev 9.5 ). Impairments in mental functions were the most prevalent affecting 118 (43%) study participants. Energy and drive (18%), memory (14%) and sleep (13%) were the most affected mental functions. Impairments in the mental functions, genital urinary, reproductive, digestive, metabolic and endocrine systems were associated with higher odds of disability among the participants. Conclusions Our results indicate a high prevalence of impairments among persons living with HIV. Clinicians and rehabilitation personnel need to be proactive in identifying and managing impairments to promote health among HIV patients.

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AGE OF HIV ACQUISITION AFFECTS THE RISK OF MULTI-MORBIDITY AFTER 25 YEARS OF INFECTION EXPOSURE

Journal of Frailty & Aging ◽

10.14283/jfa.2019.6 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 1-5

Author(s):

G. GUARALDI ◽

A. MALAGOLI ◽

J. MILIC ◽

I. PINTASSILGO ◽

E. ROSSI ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Multivariate Analyses ◽

Age Groups ◽

Young Group ◽

Hiv Positive ◽

People Living With Hiv ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Hiv Serostatus ◽

Aging And Health ◽

Hiv Acquisition ◽

Living With Hiv

Introduction: Understanding the intersection of HIV, aging and health is crucial due to the increasing number of people aging with HIV. Objective: The objective of the study was to assess the prevalence of, and risk factors for individual comorbidities and multi-morbidity in people living with HIV with similar duration of HIV infection, notwithstanding a 25-year difference at the time of HIV acquisition. Methods: In a cross-sectional multicentre retrospective study, we compared three match-control age groups. The “Young” were selected from Romania and included HIV-positive patients prenatally infected and assessed at the age of 25-30 years. The “Old” and the “Geriatric” were selected from Italy. These respectively included subjects infected with HIV at the age of 25 years and assessed at the age of 50-55 years, and those infected at the age of 50 years and assessed at the age of 75-80 years. Each group was sex and age matched in a 1:5 ratio with controls selected from the CINECA ARNO database from Italy. We described non-infectious comorbidities (NICM), including cardiovascular disease, hypertension, dyslipidaemia, diabetes, chronic kidney disease, and multi-morbidity (MM≥ 3 NICM). Results: MM prevalence in the “Young” group compared to controls was 6.2% vs 0%, while in the “Geriatric” was “68.2% vs 3.6%. Using “Young” as a reference, in multivariate analyses, predictors for MM were as follows: HIV serostatus (OR=47.75, IQR 14.78-154.25, p<0.01) and “Geriatric” vs “Young” (OR=30.32, IQR 5.89-155.98, p<0.01). Conclusion: These data suggest that age at acquisition of HIV should be considered as a risk factor for NICM and MM.

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