scholarly journals Caregiver Burden among Adults Caring For People Living With HIV/AIDS in Mysuru

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Arun Lakshmi ◽  
M B Ravikumar ◽  
B. S Kumarswamy.
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Support ◽  
Social Impact ◽  
Annual Report ◽  
Hiv Prevalence ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Economic Assistance ◽  
High Burden ◽  
Rural Caregivers ◽  
Male Caregivers ◽  
Living With Hiv

National Aids Control Organization (NACO) annual report 2016-17, as per the India HIV Estimation 2015 report, adult (15-49 years) HIV prevalence in India was estimated at 0.26% in 2015. In 2015, adult HIV prevalence was estimated at 0.30% among males and at 0.22 % among females. The number of people living with HIV (PLHIV) in India was estimated at 21.17 Lakhs in 2015 compared with 22.26 Lakhs in 2007. They may have a large psychological, physical and social impact on infected individuals and their families. People living with HIV rely on relatives for emotional support and economic assistance. Family or caregivers experience enormous physical emotional burden while caring for such relatives. The present investigation aims at finding out the level of burden and whether gender and domicile has any influence on burden in caregivers. The sample consists of 80 caregivers (40 male 40 female) they were selected from K R Hospital ART centre, Mysore. Result reveals that female caregivers experience high burden compare to male caregivers and rural caregivers have high burden compare to urban caregivers. The study discusses the implications for the need of intervention for the caregivers of HIV to improve their mental health.

Modelling and estimation of HIV prevalence and number of people living with HIV in India, 2010–2011

2016 ◽  
Vol 27 (14) ◽  
pp. 1257-1266 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yujwal Raj ◽  
Damodar Sahu ◽  
Arvind Pandey ◽  
S Venkatesh ◽  
DCS Reddy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Prevalence ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Living With Hiv

scholarly journals Estimate of HIV prevalence and number of people living with HIV in India 2008–2009

BMJ Open ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 2 (5) ◽  
pp. e000926 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arvind Pandey ◽  
Damodar Sahu ◽  
Taoufi Bakkali ◽  
DCS Reddy ◽  
S Venkatesh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Prevalence ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Living With Hiv

scholarly journals EPIDEMIOLOGY OF HIV INFECTION IN THE AMUR REGION

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 92-95
Author(s):  
V. B. Turkutyukov ◽  
N. A. Lipskaya ◽  
Yu. A. Natykan ◽  
I. I. Pavlova ◽  
N. A. Glebova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Sexual Transmission ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Hiv Prevalence ◽  
Amur Region ◽  
Infection Prevalence ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Hiv Status ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
Epidemiologic Features

The HIV infection prevalence rate suggests that in the Russian Federation the number of new cases of infection continues to grow. The retrospective epidemiological analysis of HIV infection in the Amur region was performed during a 5-year period from 2013 to 2017. The study included evaluation of incidence and prevalence rates, morbidity and mortality patterns. A positive HIV status has 0,14% of the region population. In 2017, the HIV-incidence rate equaled to 10,97‰00. Similar incidence rates were registered during 2015 and 2016. During 2013–2017 annual growth of HIV-prevalence that reached its peak in 2017 and exceeded the previous year’s rate at 18,3±0,65% (p=0,001) was registered. The highest HIV prevalence was detected at age from 30 to 39 years (45%). Among the HIV-positive people, sexual transmission route was dominant and during 2017 and totaled to 87%. Among people living with HIV registered for outpatient treatment, the most frequent stages of the disease (representing 97,7% of all clinical forms) were subclinical stage diagnosed in 251,3‰ [95% CI 232,2–270,3] and second stage (of secondary manifestations) totaled to 216,1‰ [95% CI 191,5–240,5]. This indicates on the development of the concentrated stage of HIV infection in the Amur region. Epidemiologic features of infection spread in the Amur region derives not only from active cross-border movements of citizens, but also from the specifics of demography processes.

scholarly journals Estimating the burden of pediatric HIV in an ‘A’ category district in India: an epidemiological study

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anju Sinha ◽  
Reynold Washington ◽  
Rajeev Sethumadhavan ◽  
Rajaram Subramanian Potty ◽  
Shajy Isac ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Burden ◽  
Control Program ◽  
Hiv Prevalence ◽  
Pediatric Hiv ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Longitudinal Methods ◽  
Persons Living With Hiv ◽  
Living With Hiv

Abstract Background India lacks epidemiological information on the disease burden of pediatric HIV. The National AIDS Control Program (NACP) estimates the numbers of HIV-positive children as a proportion of adult persons living with HIV. A third of HIV-positive children die before their first birthday and a half before they reach their second birthday. The early detection of HIV is crucial for the prevention of morbidities, growth delays, and death among HIV-positive children. Methods The study aimed to estimate the disease burden of pediatric HIV among children in ‘A’ category district of a high HIV prevalence state. An ‘A’ category district is defined by the presence of > 1% HIV prevalence among the general population, as estimated by HIV Sentinel Surveillance. The study used an innovative three-pronged strategy combining cross-sectional and longitudinal methods. The overall burden of pediatric HIV was calculated as a product of cases detected multiplied by a net inflation factor, for each of three strategies. Results The existing pool of HIV infection in the district is estimated to be 3266 (95% CI: 2621–4197) HIV positive children < 15 years of age, in a mid-year (2013) projected child population of about 1.4 million, thus giving an HIV prevalence of 0.23% (CI: 0.19–0.30) among children (0–14 years of age). The proportion of children among all people living with HIV in the district works out to 10.4% (CI: 8.6–13.5%). Conclusions The study estimate of 0.23% HIV prevalence among children (0–14 years of age) is higher than the NACP estimates (0.02) and is 2.5 higher than the Karnataka state estimate (0.09)22. Similarly, the proportion of children among all persons living with HIV in Belgaum district is 10.4% in this study, as against 6.54% for India. The study methodology is replicable for other settings and other diseases.

scholarly journals Implications of COVID-19 in high burden countries for HIV/TB: A systematic review of evidence

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacques L Tamuzi ◽  
Ayele T Birhanu ◽  
Constance S Shumba ◽  
Olatunji Adetokunboh ◽  
Jeannine Uwimana-Nico ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Management ◽  
Observational Studies ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Case Series ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Related Field ◽  
High Burden ◽  
Screening Algorithm ◽  
Clinical Trials Registry ◽  
Living With Hiv

Abstract Background The triple burden of COVID-19, tuberculosis and human immunodeficiency virus is one of the major global health challenges of the 21 st century. In high burden HIV/TB countries, the spread of COVID-19 among people living with HIV is a well-founded concern. A thorough understanding of HIV/TB and COVID-19 pandemics is important as the three diseases interact. This may clarify HIV/TB/COVID-19 as a newly related field and play an important role in the present and future management of the co-infections. However, several gaps are remaining in the knowledge of the burden of COVID-19 on patients with TB and HIV, the diagnosis, and management of these patients. Objectives The study was conducted to review different studies on SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV or COVID-19 associated with HIV/TB co-infection or only TB and to understand the interactions between HIV, TB and COVID-19 and its implications on the burden of the COVID-19 among HIV/TB co-infected or TB patients, screening algorithm and clinical management. Methods We conducted electronic search of potential eligible studies published in English in the Cochrane Controlled Register of Trials, PubMed, Medrxiv, Google scholar and Clinical Trials Registry databases. We included case studies, case series and observational studies published between January, 2002 and March, 2020 in which SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV and COVID-19 co-infected to HIV/TB or TB were managed in adult patients. We screened titles, abstracts and full articles for eligibility. As we anticipated heterogeneity in the literature, results were reported narratively. Main results After removing 69 duplicates, 24 out of 246 articles were assessed for eligibility, of which 9 studies were included for qualitative analysis. Among them, we included two case reports, four case series, one case-control and two retrospective observational studies. The studies have shown that TB may occur during or after SARS-CoV. In terms of severity, the proportion of severe/critical SARS, MERS and COVID cases with TB co-infection was higher than in patients with mild/moderate stages (P= 0.0008). Conclusion SARS/MERS-CoV/COVID-19 associated to HIV/TB or TB subjects had a higher risk of developing severe/critical than mild/moderate SARS/MERS-CoV/COVID-19. Diagnostic algorithms and clinical management were suggested for efficiently improving COVID-19/HIV/TB co-infections outcomes.

scholarly journals The Impact of HIV/AIDS Regarding Informal Social Security: Issues and Perspectives from a South African Context

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 407
Author(s):  
Clarence Itumeleng Tshoose
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Social Security ◽  
South African ◽  
Social Impact ◽  
Social Assistance ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Social Reciprocity ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Hiv Aids

The purpose of the article is to examine the right to social assistance for households living with HIV/AIDS in South Africa. In particular, the article focuses on the impact of this pandemic on households' access to social assistance benefits in the wake of the HIV/AIDS pandemic, which has wrought untold sorrow and suffering to the overwhelming majority of households in South Africa. The article analyses the consequences of HIV/AIDS in relation to households' support systems, care and dependency burdens, and the extent to which the household members either acknowledge the illness (enabling them to better engage with treatment options) or alternatively, deny its existence. The article commences by reviewing the literature concerning the effects and social impact of HIV/AIDS on the livelihoods of households and their families. The social reciprocity that underpins households' livelihoods is briefly recapitulated. The article concludes that, while recent policy developments are to be welcomed, the current South African legal system of social security does not provide adequate cover for both people living with HIV/AIDS and their families. More remains to be done in order to provide a more comprehensive social security system for the excluded and marginalised people who are living with HIV/AIDS and their families.

scholarly journals Low Partner Testing in High HIV Prevalence Setting in Freetown, Sierra Leone: A Retrospective Study

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sulaiman Lakoh ◽  
Emmanuel Firima ◽  
Darlinda F. Jiba ◽  
Momodu Sesay ◽  
Mariama Marco Conteh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Sierra Leone ◽  
Tertiary Hospital ◽  
Hiv Prevalence ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Hiv Diagnosis ◽  
Partner Testing ◽  
Hiv Test ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
Testing And Counseling

Abstract Objective: Despite a 1.5% national HIV prevalence, 33% of people living with HIV in Sierra Leone know their status. Limited activities on testing partners of HIV patients could be contributory to this substantial unawareness of HIV status. We carried out a retrospective study aimed at assessing partner testing and HIV prevalence among adults (≥15 years) tested using DetermineTM and SD Bioline as recorded in the HIV testing registers from January to December 2017 at Connaught Hospital, an urban tertiary hospital in Sierra Leone. Results: Of the 3808 clients tested for HIV, 2048(53.8%) were females. The median age was 31 (IQR 24 – 42) years and 2104 (55.3%) were single. While 3014(79.1%) had Provider-Initiated Testing and Counseling (PITC), 794 (20.9%) had Client-Initiated Testing and Counseling (CITC). HIV test was positive in 925 (24.3%) {CI 22.9 – 25.6, P< 0.001} clients. Of the 17 (0.4%) partners tested for HIV, 9 (52.9%) were positive. PITC yielded more HIV positive cases (760, 25.2%) than CITC (165, 20.8%). Partner testing (P=0.007), female sex (P<0.001) and PITC (P=0.006) were associated with a positive HIV diagnosis. With high HIV prevalence and low partner testing, activities on partner testing are needed to improve the response to the epidemic.

hiv/aids in rural india: context and health care needs

2004 ◽  
Vol 37 (5) ◽  
pp. 641-655 ◽  
Author(s):  
saseendran pallikadavath ◽  
laila garda ◽  
hemant apte ◽  
jane freedman ◽  
r. william stones
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Sex Workers ◽  
Social Impact ◽  
General Pattern ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
Hiv Aids

primary research on hiv/aids in india has predominantly focused on known risk groups such as sex workers, sti clinic attendees and long-distance truck drivers, and has largely been undertaken in urban areas. there is evidence of hiv spreading to rural areas but very little is known about the context of the infection or about issues relating to health and social impact on people living with hiv/aids. in-depth interviews with nineteen men and women infected with hiv who live in rural areas were used to collect experiences of testing and treatment, the social impacts of living with hiv and differential impacts on women and men. eight focus group discussions with groups drawn from the general population in the four villages were used to provide an analysis of community level views about hiv/aids. while men reported contracting hiv from sex workers in the cities, women considered their husbands to be the source of their infection. correct knowledge about hiv transmission co-existed with misconceptions. men and women tested for hiv reported inadequate counselling and sought treatment from traditional healers as well as professionals. owing to the general pattern of husbands being the first to contract hiv women faced a substantial burden, with few resources remaining for their own or their children’s care after meeting the needs of sick husbands. stigma and social isolation following widowhood were common, with an enforced return to the natal home. implications for potential educational and service interventions are discussed within the context of gender and social relations.

scholarly journals Low partner testing in high HIV prevalence setting in Freetown, Sierra Leone: a retrospective study

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sulaiman Lakoh ◽  
Emmanuel Firima ◽  
Darlinda F. Jiba ◽  
Momodu Sesay ◽  
Mariama Marco Conteh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Sierra Leone ◽  
Tertiary Hospital ◽  
Hiv Prevalence ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Hiv Diagnosis ◽  
Partner Testing ◽  
Hiv Test ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
Testing And Counseling

Abstract Objective Despite a 1.5% National HIV prevalence, less than 40% of people living with HIV in Sierra Leone know their status. Limited activities on testing partners of HIV patients could be contributory to this substantial unawareness of HIV status. We carried out a retrospective study aimed at assessing partner testing and HIV prevalence among adults (≥ 15 years) tested using Determine™ and SD Bioline as recorded in the HIV testing registers from January to December 2017 at Connaught Hospital, an urban tertiary hospital in Sierra Leone. Results Of the 3808 clients tested for HIV, 2048 (53.8%) were females. The median age was 31 (IQR 24–42) years and 2104 (55.3%) were single. While 3014 (79.1%) had Provider-Initiated Testing and Counseling (PITC), 794 (20.9%) had Client-Initiated Testing and Counseling (CITC). HIV test was positive in 925 (24.3%) {CI 22.9–25.6, P < 0.001} clients. Of the 17 (0.4%) partners tested for HIV, 9 (52.9%) were positive. PITC yielded more HIV positive cases (760, 25.2%) than CITC (165, 20.8%). Partner testing (P = 0.007), female sex (P < 0.001) and PITC (P = 0.006) were associated with a positive HIV diagnosis. With high HIV prevalence and low partner testing, activities on partner testing are needed to improve the response to the epidemic.

scholarly journals The Epidemiology Pattern of Human Immunodeficiency Virus/Acquire Immune Deficiency Syndrome, Diagnostic, Transmission and Prevention in Nigeria-Past and Present

2021 ◽  
pp. 29-50
Author(s):  
C. E. Oguh ◽  
E. N. O. Obiwulu ◽  
I. M. Sheshi ◽  
S. E. Ameh ◽  
C. O. Okpaka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Deficiency ◽  
Acquire Immune Deficiency Syndrome ◽  
Sex Workers ◽  
Immune Deficiency Syndrome ◽  
Deficiency Syndrome ◽  
Hiv Prevalence ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Adults And Children ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
Hiv Aids

Human immune Virus/Acquire immune deficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) epidemic is one of the major public health challenges faced by Nigeria. The review present the Epidemiology of Human immune Virus/Acquire immune deficiency syndrome, diagnostic and Prevention in Nigeria. The method use was based on the data obtain in Nigeria. Nigeria’s first two AIDS cases were diagnosed in 1985 in Lagos. Today, Nigeria’s epidemic is characterized as one the most rapidly increased rates of HIV/AIDS cases in West Africa. Nigeria's population of 160 million and estimated HIV prevalence of 3.34% (2011) makes Nigeria the second highest HIV burden worldwide, with 3.2 million people living with HIV (PLHIV). Recently, it is estimated that about 3, 229, 757 people live with HIV in Nigeria and about 220, 393 new HIV infections occurred in 2013 and 210,031 died from AIDS- related causes. As of 2020 in Nigeria, the HIV prevalence rate among adults ages 15–49 was 3.1 percent Nigeria has the second-largest number of people living with HIV. In some states, the epidemic is more concentrated and driven by high-risk behaviors, while other states have more generalized epidemics that are sustained primarily by multiple sexual partnerships in the general population. HIV is spread by sexual contact with an infected person and by blood or body fluid exchange through sharing of contaminated needles or transfusions of infected blood or blood clotting factors. Infants born to HIV-infected women may become infected in gestation, during birth, or through breastfeeding. An antenatal clinic (ANC) HIV seroprevalence sentinel survey has been conducted biennially in Nigeria since 1991 to track the epidemic. The Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) estimates that 3.5 million Nigerian adults and children were living with HIV/AIDS by the end of 2001. Among sex workers in Lagos, HIV prevalence rose from 2 percent in 1988–89 to 12 percent in 1990–91. By 1995–96, up to 70 percent of sex workers tested positive. As a result of the epidemic, the crude death rate in Nigeria was about 20 percent higher in 2000 than in 1990. In 2019, 170,000 adults and children died of AIDS and UNAIDS estimated that 1 million children orphaned by AIDS were living in Nigeria. The main thrust of HIV prevention strategies in Nigeria is based on the following: Information, Education, and Communication; Condom Promotion; Behavior Change; and Vaccine Development.

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