Disentangling Social-Genetic From Rearing-Environment Effects for Alcohol Use Disorder Using Swedish National Data

Investigations of social-genetic effects, whereby a social partner’s genotype affects another’s outcomes, can be confounded by the influence of the social partner’s rearing environment. We used marital information on more than 300,000 couples from Swedish national data to disentangle social-genetic from rearing-environment effects for alcohol use disorder (AUD). Using observational and extended-family designs, we found that (a) marriage to a spouse with a predisposition toward AUD (as indexed by a parental history of AUD) increased risk for developing AUD; (b) this increased risk was not explained by socioeconomic status, the spouse’s AUD status, or contact with the spouse’s parents; and (c) this increased risk reflected the psychological consequences of the spouse having grown up with an AUD-affected parent (i.e., a rearing-environment effect) rather than a social-genetic effect. Findings illustrate that a spouse’s rearing-environment exposures may confer risk for AUD.

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Sibling Alcohol Use Disorder Is Associated With Increased Risk for Suicide Attempt

Clinical Psychological Science ◽

10.1177/21677026211025041 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 216770262110250

Author(s):

Mallory E. Stephenson ◽

Sara Larsson Lönn ◽

Jessica E. Salvatore ◽

Jan Sundquist ◽

Kenneth S. Kendler ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Alcohol Use ◽

Suicide Attempt ◽

Alcohol Use Disorder ◽

Cox Regression ◽

Population Based ◽

Swedish Population ◽

Sibling Pairs ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Using Data ◽

Shared Genetic

The association between having a sibling diagnosed with alcohol use disorder (AUD) and risk for suicide attempt may be attributable to shared genetic liability between AUD and suicidal behavior, effects of environmental exposure to a sibling’s AUD, or both. To distinguish between these alternatives, we conducted a series of Cox regression models using data derived from Swedish population-based registers with national coverage. Among full sibling pairs (656,807 males and 607,096 females), we found that, even after we accounted for the proband’s AUD status, the proband’s risk for suicide attempt was significantly elevated when the proband’s sibling was affected by AUD. Furthermore, the proband’s risk for suicide attempt was consistently higher when the sibling’s AUD registration had occurred more recently. Our findings provide evidence for exposure to sibling AUD as an environmental risk factor for suicide attempt and suggest that clinical outreach may be warranted following a sibling’s diagnosis with AUD.

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Is treatment for alcohol use disorder associated with reductions in criminal offending? A national data linkage cohort study in England

Drug and Alcohol Dependence ◽

10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2016.01.020 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 161 ◽

pp. 67-76 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Helen Willey ◽

Brian Eastwood ◽

Ivan L. Gee ◽

John Marsden

Keyword(s):

Cohort Study ◽

Alcohol Use ◽

Alcohol Use Disorder ◽

Data Linkage ◽

Criminal Offending ◽

National Data

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The rearing environment and the risk for alcohol use disorder: a Swedish national high-risk home-reared v. adopted co-sibling control study

Psychological Medicine ◽

10.1017/s0033291720000963 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1-8

Author(s):

Kenneth S. Kendler ◽

Henrik Ohlsson ◽

Jan Sundquist ◽

Kristina Sundquist

Keyword(s):

High Risk ◽

Alcohol Use ◽

Alcohol Use Disorder ◽

Adoptive Parent ◽

Adoptive Families ◽

High Quality ◽

Rearing Environment ◽

Sibling Pairs ◽

The Impact ◽

Half Sibling

Abstract Background Although alcohol use disorder (AUD) runs strongly within families, studies examining the impact of rearing environment, unconfounded by genetic effects, are rare and, to date, contradictory. We here seek to conduct such a study using an adoptive co-sib control design. Methods Defining high-risk as having ⩾1 biological parent with an externalizing syndrome (AUD, drug abuse or crime), we identified 1316 high-risk full-sibships and 4623 high-risk half-sibships containing at least one member who was home-reared and one who was adopted-away. Adoptive families are carefully screened in Sweden to provide high-quality rearing environment for adoptees. AUD was assessed from national medical, criminal and pharmacy registries. Results Controlling for sex, parental age at birth, and, for half-siblings, affection status of the non-shared parent, hazard ratios (±95% CI) for AUD in the matched adopted v. home-reared full- and half-siblings were, respectively, 0.76 (0.65–0.89) and 0.77 (0.70–0.84). The protective effect of adoption on AUD risk was stronger in the full- and half-sibling pairs with very high familial liability (two high-risk parents) and significantly weaker when the adoptive family was broken by death or divorce or contained a high-risk adoptive parent. Conclusions In both full- and half-sibling pairs, we found evidence that the rearing environment substantially impacts on the risk for AUD. High-quality rearing environments can meaningfully reduce the risk for AUD, especially in those at high familial risk.

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Healthcare utilisation prior to suicide in persons with alcohol use disorder: national cohort and nested case–control study

The British Journal of Psychiatry ◽

10.1192/bjp.2020.122 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 217 (6) ◽

pp. 710-716

Author(s):

Casey Crump ◽

Alexis C. Edwards ◽

Kenneth S. Kendler ◽

Jan Sundquist ◽

Kristina Sundquist

Keyword(s):

Primary Care ◽

Alcohol Use ◽

Alcohol Use Disorder ◽

Large Population ◽

Healthcare Utilisation ◽

Case Control ◽

Increased Risk ◽

National Cohort ◽

Nested Case Control

BackgroundAlcohol use disorder (AUD) is common and associated with increased risk of suicide.AimsTo examine healthcare utilisation prior to suicide in persons with AUD in a large population-based cohort, which may reveal opportunities for prevention.MethodA national cohort study was conducted of 6 947 191 adults in Sweden in 2002, including 256 647 (3.7%) with AUD, with follow-up for suicide through 2015. A nested case–control design examined healthcare utilisation among people with AUD who died by suicide and 10:1 age- and gender-matched controls.ResultsIn 86.7 million person-years of follow-up, 15 662 (0.2%) persons died by suicide, including 2601 (1.0%) with AUD. Unadjusted and adjusted relative risks for suicide associated with AUD were 8.15 (95% CI 7.86–8.46) and 2.22 (95% CI 2.11–2.34). Of the people with AUD who died by suicide, 39.7% and 75.6% had a healthcare encounter <2 weeks or <3 months before the index date respectively, compared with 6.3% and 25.4% of controls (adjusted prevalence ratio (PR) and difference (PD), <2 weeks: PR = 3.86, 95% CI 3.50–4.25, PD = 26.4, 95% CI 24.2–28.6; <3 months: PR = 2.03, 95% CI 1.94–2.12, PD = 34.9, 95% CI 32.6–37.1). AUD accounted for more healthcare encounters within 2 weeks of suicide among men than women (P = 0.01). Of last encounters, 48.1% were in primary care and 28.9% were in specialty out-patient clinics, mostly for non-psychiatric diagnoses.ConclusionsSuicide among persons with AUD is often shortly preceded by healthcare encounters in primary care or specialty out-patient clinics. Encounters in these settings are important opportunities to identify active suicidality and intervene accordingly in patients with AUD.

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Maternal alcohol-use disorder is associated with increased risk of sudden infant death syndrome and infant death from other causes

Evidence-Based Nursing ◽

10.1136/eb-2013-101376 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 17 (2) ◽

pp. 46-47

Author(s):

Katrine Strandberg-Larsen

Keyword(s):

Alcohol Use ◽

Sudden Infant Death Syndrome ◽

Infant Death ◽

Alcohol Use Disorder ◽

Sudden Infant Death ◽

Sudden Infant ◽

Maternal Alcohol ◽

Increased Risk

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An evaluation of the proposed DSM-5 alcohol use disorder criteria using Australian national data

Addiction ◽

10.1111/j.1360-0443.2010.03340.x ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 106 (5) ◽

pp. 941-950 ◽

Cited By ~ 58

Author(s):

Louise Mewton ◽

Tim Slade ◽

Orla McBride ◽

Rachel Grove ◽

Maree Teesson

Keyword(s):

Alcohol Use ◽

Alcohol Use Disorder ◽

National Data ◽

Dsm 5

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Increased risk of dementia in older female US veterans with alcohol use disorder

Addiction ◽

10.1111/add.15416 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Amber Bahorik ◽

Kirsten Bobrow ◽

Tina Hoang ◽

Kristine Yaffe

Keyword(s):

Alcohol Use ◽

Alcohol Use Disorder ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Us Veterans

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Family alcohol use, rather than childhood trauma, is more likely to cause male alcohol use disorder: findings from a case-control study in northern China

BMC Psychiatry ◽

10.1186/s12888-021-03566-8 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Xu Chen ◽

Yunmeng Pan ◽

Peiru Xu ◽

Yi Huang ◽

Nan Li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Alcohol Use ◽

Childhood Trauma ◽

Emotional Abuse ◽

Alcohol Use Disorder ◽

Protective Factor ◽

Case Control Study ◽

Drinking Behavior ◽

Case Control ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Control Study

Abstract Objective To explore the influence of childhood trauma and family alcohol use on male alcohol use disorder. Methods We conducted a case-control study using Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ) and a structured interview involving 129 men with alcohol use disorder and 129 healthy male volunteers. The two groups were compared in terms of childhood trauma, parental drinking behavior, and attitudes toward childhood drinking. Results Patients showed higher scores of CTQ than controls on childhood trauma experiences, including on the subscales of physical abuse, emotional abuse, sexual abuse, and emotional neglect. Higher proportions of patients than controls had fathers who drank seven or more times a week, and had mothers who were opposed to childhood drinking. Conversely, a smaller proportion of patients than controls had fathers who opposed childhood drinking. Patients were more likely than controls to have been induced to drink as children. Logistic regression analysis identified three risk factors for alcohol use disorder: induced drinking during childhood [odds ratio (OR) 6.09, 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.56–14.51], the father’s weekly alcohol consumption during the respondent’s childhood (OR 4.40, 95%CI 2.94–6.58) and history of smoking (OR 3.39, 95%CI 1.48–7.77). Conversely, more years of education were a protective factor against alcohol use disorder (OR 0.88, 95% CI 0.78–0.99). Conclusions Men whose fathers drank frequently during their childhood and were encouraged to drink may be at increased risk of alcohol use disorder in adulthood. In fact these factors of family alcohol use appear to increase risk of alcohol use disorder among adult men more than exposure to childhood trauma does.

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Occult Untreated Alcohol Use Disorder in a Patient with Recurrent Pituitary Macroadenoma

Case Reports in Psychiatry ◽

10.1155/2022/6825941 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 2022 ◽

pp. 1-3

Author(s):

Mckenzie P. Rowe ◽

Alëna A. Balasanova

Keyword(s):

Alcohol Use ◽

Alcohol Use Disorder ◽

Psychiatric Symptoms ◽

Depressive Mood ◽

Pituitary Macroadenoma ◽

Addiction Psychiatry ◽

Mood Symptoms ◽

Adverse Health Outcomes ◽

Personality Changes ◽

Increased Risk

Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is a chronic relapsing and remitting psychiatric condition associated with adverse health outcomes. Although common, AUD is underdiagnosed, and treatment is often overlooked. At times of increased risk, such as the postoperative period, it is imperative to screen for and treat AUD to improve patient outcomes. Psychiatrists can play an important role in addressing AUD in this patient population through addiction psychiatry consultation services. We present the case of a patient with occult alcohol use disorder (AUD) leading to hospitalization in the setting of depressive mood symptoms and personality changes after a repeat pituitary macroadenoma resection and radiation five months earlier. AUD was noted months prior to hospitalization but was not addressed despite regular interactions with the healthcare system. Evaluation by addiction psychiatry specialists during hospitalization prompted recognition and treatment of AUD, resulting in cessation of alcohol use and resolution of mood symptoms and personality changes. The patient was discharged 3 days after admission and maintained abstinence from alcohol at two months postdischarge without recurrence of psychiatric symptoms.

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