scholarly journals The madness of Princess Alice: Sigmund Freud, Ernst Simmel and Alice of Battenberg at Kurhaus Schloß Tegel

2020 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 147-162
Author(s):  
Dany Nobus
Keyword(s):  
Sigmund Freud ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Treatment Principles ◽  
Psychoanalytic Treatment ◽  
Clinical Applicability ◽  
Proper Consideration

During the winter of 1930, Princess Alice of Battenberg was admitted to Kurhaus Schloß Tegel, where she was diagnosed with schizophrenic paranoia. When Freud was consulted about her case by Ernst Simmel, the Sanatorium’s Director, he recommended that the patient’s ovaries be exposed to high-intensity X-rays. Freud’s suggestion was not based on any psychoanalytic treatment principles, but rooted in a rejuvenation technique to which Freud himself had subscribed. In recommending that psychotic patients should be treated with physical interventions, Freud confirmed his conviction that the clinical applicability of psychoanalysis should not be extrapolated beyond the neuroses, yet he also asserted that a proper consideration of endocrinological factors in the aetiology and treatment of the psychoses should never be excluded.

X-rays from high-intensity, short-pulse laser interaction with solids

1993 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. W. Falcone ◽  
S. P. Gordon ◽  
H. Hamster ◽  
A. Sullivan
Keyword(s):  
Pulse Laser ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Short Pulse ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Laser Interaction ◽  
Short Pulse Laser

scholarly journals ROENTGEN RAY INTOXICATION

1922 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 187-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. L. Warren ◽  
G. H. Whipple
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Clinical Evidence ◽  
Clinical Work ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Fatal Intoxication ◽  
Unit Dose ◽  
Slight Rise ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Proper Consideration ◽  
Urinary Nitrogen

Roentgen radiation of the thorax (abdomen shielded) in dogs, even with large doses (up to 512 milliampere minutes), gives no clinical evidence of intoxication. There may be a transient leucopenia and a slight rise in urinary nitrogen. Roentgen radiation of the abdomen (thorax shielded) in dogs, with a dose of 350 milliampere minutes, will almost certainly cause a fatal intoxication. Smaller doses may be survived but usually with signs of gastrointestinal intoxication. This lethal intoxication due to abdominal radiation presents a remarkably uniform clinical and anatomical picture. There is a latent period of 24 to 36 hours, during which the dog is perfectly normal clinically. The 2nd day usually shows the beginning of diarrhea and perhaps some vomitus. The 3rd and 4th days show progressive intoxication with increasing vomiting and bloody diarrhea until the dog becomes stuporous. Death is almost always on the 4th day. Anatomically the only lesions of significance are to be found in the small intestine. The epithelium of the crypts and villi shows more or less complete necrosis, and this condition may involve almost all of the small intestine. The epithelium may vanish completely except for a few cells here and there which have escaped and are often found in mitosis, probably an effort at repair and regeneration. We are forced to the conclusion that this remarkable injury of the epithelium of the small intestine is responsible for the various abnormal reactions and final lethal intoxication which follow a unit dose of Roentgen radiation over the abdomen of a normal dog. This sensitiveness of the intestinal epithelium to x-rays is not appreciated and should be given proper consideration in clinical work.

Pulsed, High Intensity Source of Soft X Rays

1967 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 507-511 ◽  
Author(s):  
Everet H. Beckner
Keyword(s):  
High Intensity ◽  
X Rays

Study of supra-thermal electrons and K-α x-rays from high intensity 500 fs laser-produced plasmas

1996 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Dunn ◽  
B. K. F. Young ◽  
A. K. Hankla ◽  
A. D. Conder ◽  
W. E. White ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Intensity ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Fs Laser

Silicon single crystal as back-reflector for high-intensity hard x-rays

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tom Pardini ◽  
Sébastien Boutet ◽  
Joseph Bradley ◽  
Tilo Doeppner ◽  
Luke B. Fletcher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Single Crystal ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Silicon Single Crystal ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Back Reflector

scholarly journals Optically-dressed resonant Auger processes induced by high-intensity x-rays

2013 ◽  
Vol 15 (8) ◽  
pp. 083057 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio Picón ◽  
Phay J Ho ◽  
Gilles Doumy ◽  
Stephen H Southworth
Keyword(s):  
High Intensity ◽  
X Rays

scholarly journals Measurement of the angle, temperature and flux of fast electrons emitted from intense laser–solid interactions

2015 ◽  
Vol 81 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
D. R. Rusby ◽  
L. A. Wilson ◽  
R. J. Gray ◽  
R. J. Dance ◽  
N. M. H. Butler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Intensity ◽  
Rear Surface ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Intense Laser ◽  
Rear Side ◽  
Measured Signal ◽  
X Rays ◽  
High Intensity Laser ◽  
Intensity Laser ◽  
Laser Solid Interactions

High-intensity laser–solid interactions generate relativistic electrons, as well as high-energy (multi-MeV) ions and x-rays. The directionality, spectra and total number of electrons that escape a target-foil is dependent on the absorption, transport and rear-side sheath conditions. Measuring the electrons escaping the target will aid in improving our understanding of these absorption processes and the rear-surface sheath fields that retard the escaping electrons and accelerate ions via the target normal sheath acceleration (TNSA) mechanism. A comprehensive Geant4 study was performed to help analyse measurements made with a wrap-around diagnostic that surrounds the target and uses differential filtering with a FUJI-film image plate detector. The contribution of secondary sources such as x-rays and protons to the measured signal have been taken into account to aid in the retrieval of the electron signal. Angular and spectral data from a high-intensity laser–solid interaction are presented and accompanied by simulations. The total number of emitted electrons has been measured as $2.6\times 10^{13}$ with an estimated total energy of $12\pm 1~\text{J}$ from a $100~{\rm\mu}\text{m}$ Cu target with 140 J of incident laser energy during a $4\times 10^{20}~\text{W}~\text{cm}^{-2}$ interaction.

An experimental X-ray shadow microscope

1952 ◽  
Vol 140 (900) ◽  
pp. 422-431 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Point Source ◽  
Visible Light ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Optical Microscope ◽  
Resolving Power ◽  
X Rays ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Living Organisms ◽  
Magnetic Electron

A source of X-rays smaller than 0·5 μ in diameter is produced by means of magnetic electron lenses and used for projecting shadow images, mainly of insects opaque to visible light. A resolving power approaching that of the optical microscope is obtained with dried specimens; with living organisms the resolution is less. The use of a Lenard window as X-ray target allows high intensity at the specimen and exposure times in the order of minutes at useful primary magnification. Consideration of the practical limitations on resolution, contrast and exposure shows that an ultimate resolution of 100Å should be possible with an exposure of 1 h. Other uses of such a point source are indicated, in addition to shadow radiography.

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