Yawning in the history of psychiatry

2021 ◽  
pp. 0957154X2110297
Author(s):  
Olivier Walusinski
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Clinical Symptom ◽  
History Of Psychiatry ◽  
History Of ◽  
Medical Books

Yawning is a fascinating physiological behaviour that has been poorly addressed except in old medical books. Whereas the purpose of this behaviour is still not clearly identified, the ancient authors made it a clinical symptom, especially a psychological one. After presenting some current notions about yawning, we review publications on yawning written by physicians, from antiquity to the twentieth century, and, in particular, those dealing with psychological and psychiatric aspects.

scholarly journals Book Review: "Titans of psychiatry of the twentieth century" by P.V. Morozov, R.A. Bekker, Yu.V. Bykov

Psychiatry ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 118-123
Author(s):  
D. V. Romanov
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Clinical Psychiatry ◽  
Sigmund Freud ◽  
History Of Psychiatry ◽  
Emil Kraepelin ◽  
Karl Jaspers ◽  
Eugen Bleuler ◽  
Current State ◽  
History Of

This publication is an analysis of the book by P.V. Morozov, R.A. Becker, Yu.V. Bykov, dedicated to the four most significant persons, who had an invaluable influence on psychiatry in the XX century (Emil Kraepelin, Eugen Bleuler, Sigmund Freud, Karl Jaspers). Among the advantages of the book on the history of psychiatry, one can stress out a successful extrapolation of the ideas of the “titans” to the current state of psychiatric science and a discussion of their work with the use of the actual language of current clinical psychiatry. This makes it possible to recommend the book not only to experienced psychiatrists and researchers, but also to young specialists, as well as residents and students. Another important achievement of the book is the successful disclosure of not only ideas, but also biographies of the “titans” placed in the scientific, historical, political, cultural and personal contexts.

scholarly journals A hundred-year of Karl Jaspers' General Psychopathology (Allgemeine Psychopathologie) - 1913-2013: a pivotal book in the history of Psychiatry

2013 ◽  
Vol 71 (7) ◽  
pp. 490-492 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio Egidio Nardi ◽  
Rafael Christophe Freire ◽  
Sergio Machado ◽  
Adriana Cardoso Silva ◽  
José Alexandre Crippa
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
History Of Psychiatry ◽  
Phenomenological Method ◽  
Karl Jaspers ◽  
General Psychopathology ◽  
History Of ◽  
Clear Delineation ◽  
Late Nineteenth

After a hundred-years of its publication, the Karl Jaspers' book, General Psychopathology, is still an indispensable book to psychiatrists and for all those who study psychopathology. It's a clear delineation of the phenomenological method for describing the symptoms of mental disorders that remains unmatched until nowadays. The book focuses on the relevance of phenomenological and hermeneutical methods in psychopathology. Although this work is grounded in the clinical thought and practices of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, Jaspers' delineation of psychiatric methods in this work is still evaluated as unmatched to this day, a work that is indispensable to contemporary psychiatry. Jaspers also contributed with important articles and book reviews to psychiatric periodicals during the first two decades of the twentieth century.

EUGENISTAS E CULTURALISTAS NO ESTUDO DAS RELIGIÕES AFRO-BRASILEIRAS EM PERNAMBUCO / EUGENISTS AND CULTURALISTS IN THE STUDY OF AFRO-BRAZILIAN RELIGIONS IN PERNAMBUCO

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (17) ◽  
pp. 153
Author(s):  
Zuleica Dantas Pereira Campos
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Black People ◽  
History Of Psychiatry ◽  
African Origin ◽  
Religious Groups ◽  
Theoretical Contribution ◽  
History Of ◽  
Theoretical Construction ◽  
Afro Brazilian

Nosso trabalho tem como proposta problematizar o pensamento dos intelectuais que pensaram as religiões afro-brasileiras em Pernambuco na primeira metade do século XX. Dessa forma analisaremos o que fez as religiões de origem africana serem alvo de diferentes formas de relações, com os intelectuais, e que tipos de práticas e de saberes instituídos foram apropriados e reinterpretados por esses grupos religiosos no sentido de vencer resistências e fazer circular suas “práticas”. Os intelectuais são analisados através de duas vertentes: a primeira, formada por médicos psiquiatras que concebiam a questão do negro utilizando-se do aporte teórico eugenista; e a segunda, constituída por sociólogos, jornalistas, romancistas, antropólogos, entre outros, que pensaram essa problemática, numa perspectiva que tentava romper com a construção teórica, trocando o conceito de “raça” pelo de “cultura”.Palavras chave: intelectuais, religiões afro-brasileiras, teorias, história da psiquiatriaAbstractOur work has as proposal to problematize the thoughts of the intellectuals that scrutinized Afro-Brazilian religions in Pernambuco on the first half of the twentieth century. Henceforth we will analyze what made religions of African origin the target of different forms of relations with the intellectuals and what kinds of practices and knowledges were appropriated and reinterpreted by these religious groups in order to overcome resistance and circulate their " Practices. " The intellectuals are analyzed through two aspects: the first, formed by psychiatrists who conceived the question of black people using the eugenist theoretical contribution; and the second, made up of sociologists, journalists, novelists, anthropologists, among others, who thought of this problem, in a perspective that tried to break with the theoretical construction, changing the concept of "race" to "culture".Keywords: Intellectuals, Afro-Brazilian religions, theories, history of psychiatry

Hard Objects in George Oppen's Discrete Series

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 496-517
Author(s):  
Ned Hercock
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Ludwig Wittgenstein ◽  
Discrete Series ◽  
Human Experience ◽  
John Ruskin ◽  
Gerard Manley Hopkins ◽  
Marcel Duchamp ◽  
The World ◽  
Production History ◽  
History Of

This essay examines the objects in George Oppen's Discrete Series (1934). It considers their primary property to be their hardness – many of them have distinctively uniform and impenetrable surfaces. This hardness and uniformity is contrasted with 19th century organicism (Gerard Manley Hopkins and John Ruskin). Taking my cue from Kirsten Blythe Painter I show how in their work with hard objects these poems participate within a wider cultural and philosophical turn towards hardness in the early twentieth century (Marcel Duchamp, Adolf Loos, Ludwig Wittgenstein and others). I describe the thinking these poems do with regard to industrialization and to human experience of a resolutely object world – I argue that the presentation of these objects bears witness to the production history of the type of objects which in this era are becoming preponderant in parts of the world. Finally, I suggest that the objects’ impenetrability offers a kind of anti-aesthetic relief: perception without conception. If ‘philosophy recognizes the Concept in everything’ it is still possible, these poems show, to experience resistance to this imperious process of conceptualization. Within thinking objects (poems) these are objects which do not think.

Review: Urban Latino Cultures: La Vida Latina en LA by Gustavo Leclerc, Raúl Villa, and Michael J. Dear (eds.)

1999 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 126-128
Author(s):  
Catherine S. Ramirez
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Los Angeles ◽  
Mexican American ◽  
History Of ◽  
Crime Wave ◽  
Eighteenth And Nineteenth Centuries ◽  
The City ◽  
History Of Los Angeles

Throughout the twentieth century (and now the twenty-first), the specter of a Latina/o past, present, and future has haunted the myth of Los Angeles as a sunny, bucolic paradise. At the same time it has loomed behind narratives of the city as a dystopic, urban nightmare. In the 1940s Carey McWilliams pointed to the fabrication of a “Spanish fantasy heritage” that made Los Angeles the bygone home of fair señoritas, genteel caballeros and benevolent mission padres. Meanwhile, the dominant Angeleno press invented a “zoot” (read Mexican-American) crime wave. Unlike the aristocratic, European Californias/os of lore, the Mexican/American “gangsters” of the 1940s were described as racial mongrels. What's more, the newspapers explicitly identified them as the sons and daughters of immigrants-thus eliding any link they may have had to the Californias/os of the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries or to the history of Los Angeles in general.

Queering Musical Biography in the Writings of Edward Prime-Stevenson and Rosa Newmarch

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 100-118
Author(s):  
Kristin M. Franseen
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Instrumental Music ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Gender And Sexuality ◽  
Benjamin Britten ◽  
Twentieth Century Music ◽  
History Of ◽  
Music Research ◽  
Symphonic Music ◽  
Biographical Knowledge

Beginning with the “open secret” of Benjamin Britten and Peter Pears's relationship and continuing through debates over Handel's and Schubert's sexuality and analyses of Ethel Smyth's memoirs, biography has played a central role in the development of queer musicology. At the same time, life-writing's focus on extramusical details and engagement with difficult-to-substantiate anecdotes and rumors often seem suspect to scholars. In the case of early-twentieth-century music research, however, these very gaps and ambiguities paradoxically offered some authors and readers at the time rare spaces for approaching questions of sexuality in music. Issues of subjectivity in instrumental music aligned well with rumors about autobiographical confession within Tchaikovsky's Symphony No. 6 (Pathétique) for those who knew how to listen and read between the lines. This article considers the different ways in which the framing of biographical anecdotes and gossip in scholarship by music critic-turned-amateur sexologist Edward Prime-Stevenson and Tchaikovsky scholar Rosa Newmarch allowed for queer readings of symphonic music. It evaluates Prime-Stevenson's discussions of musical biography and interpretation in The Intersexes (1908/9) and Newmarch's Tchaikovsky: His Life and Works (1900), translation of Modest Tchaikovsky's biography, and article on the composer in Grove's Dictionary of Music and Musicians to explore how they addressed potentially taboo topics, engaged with formal and informal sources of biographical knowledge (including one another's work), and found their scholarly voices in the absence of academic frameworks for addressing gender and sexuality. While their overt goals were quite different—Newmarch sought to dismiss “sensationalist” rumors about Tchaikovsky's death for a broad readership, while Prime-Stevenson used queer musical gossip as a primary source in his self-published history of homosexuality—both grappled with questions of what can and cannot be read into a composer's life and works and how to relate to possible queer meanings in symphonic music. The very aspects of biography that place it in a precarious position as scholarship ultimately reveal a great deal about the history of musicology and those who write it.

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