crime wave
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2021 ◽  
pp. 100-124
Author(s):  
Timothy Tackett

This chapter follows events in the lives of Colson and his neighbors from the fall of 1789 through the summer of 1791. It takes note of the continuing moments of enthusiasm and joy, with the king’s short speech in the National Assembly in February 1790, followed by patriotic oaths throughout the city; and the Festival of Federation on July 14 of that year, the first anniversary of the fall of the Bastille. But it also examines the periods of fear and suspicion, notably from the perceived crime wave in Paris throughout this period; the women’s march to Versailles in October 1789; the endless rumors of aristocratic conspiracies to destroy the Revolution; and king Louis XVI’s attempted flight with his family in June 1791. The chapter ends with an account of the brutal repression of citizens attempting to draw up a petition in favor of a republic, known as the “Massacre of the Champ de Mars.”


Author(s):  
Dominic Shimawua ◽  

The Neighbourhood Principle presupposes that everyone in the vicinity knows each other and this makes it easier to monitor deviants in the society. Hence, the case for state policing in Nigeria in view of the upward surge in crime wave in this country. Data was obtained from secondary sources which include books, periodicals, journals, newspapers, the internet etc. Data was analyzed using the method of content analysis. The theory of social conflict (Coser, 1956) was adopted as the theoretical framework of the study. Results revealed that the success story of state policing in the United States was as a result certain factors-technology advancement, level of motivation, institutions and infrastructures, psychological and intellectual disposition of officers and even the acceptance of state policing by the society. These are all lacking in Nigeria. Thus, it was suggested in this study that the idea of state policing should be rested for now while the society works on her vital infrastructures, institutions, etc.


2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-100
Author(s):  
Ngboawaji Daniel Nte ◽  
Graham Gande ◽  
Michael Uzorka

Contemporary Nigeria has witnessed monumental rise in crime wave and in the quest to stem the tide, government has adopted various security policies to secure the lives and property of its citizens in the past, but none of these policies have actually yielded positive results. Human abduction, armed robbery, terrorism, bomb attacks and lots more have been the order of the day in the Country. The study seeks to ascertain the impact of closed circuit television (CCTV) cameras in Abuja metropolis. Six research questions and two hypotheses were formulated to guide the study, related literatures were adequately reviewed. A population of size of 900 was selected out of which a sample size of 300 respondents, which cut across all walks of life, participated in the study. Structured questionnaire was designed and used as instrument for data collection. Data collected were analyzed using direct interpretation of results gotten from respondents. Findings of the research revealed significant relationship between closed circuit television cameras and theory of deterrence, criminal justice, fear of crime, legality, policy formation and regulation of closed circuit television (CCTV). The development of software that can be integrated with the CCTV to display a person’s bio-data on the monitor when captured by the CCTV camera is among other recommendations for further research study.


2020 ◽  
pp. 009614421990013
Author(s):  
Emily Brooks

On Staten Island in the spring of 1945, a small group of white politicians, business owners, and residents began complaining about a “crime wave” that they attributed to black soldiers stationed at the Fox Hills Army facility. Most of these complaints stemmed from vague references to rumors of crimes rather than actual incidents. Black journalists and members of the NAACP refuted these accusations and argued that the real issue was discrimination against the soldiers and racism on the part of white Staten Islanders. These accusations launched a months-long debate about racism, crime, and policing on Staten Island during the war. Ultimately, the mayor and military authorities responded by intensifying policing and surveillance of the soldiers. This article uses the conflicts around policing in wartime Staten Island as a lens to consider the impact of the war on black New Yorkers and black soldiers stationed in New York City.


2020 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 641-666
Author(s):  
Thomas J. Kehoe ◽  
Elizabeth M. Greenhalgh

AbstractNon-Germans—particularly “displaced persons”—were routinely blamed for crime in occupied western Germany. The Allied and German fixation on foreign gangs, violent criminals, and organized crime syndicates is well documented in contemporary reports, observations, and the press. An abundance of such data has long shaped provocative historical narratives of foreign-perpetrated criminality ranging from extensive disorder through to near uncontrolled anarchy. Such accounts complement assertions of a broader and more generalized crime wave. Over the last 30 years, however, a literature has emerged that casts doubt on the actual extent of lawlessness during the occupation of the west and, in turn, on the level non-German participation in crime. It may be that extensive reporting of non-German criminality at the time reflected the preexisting bigotries of Germans and the Allies, which when combined with anxieties about social and societal integrity became focused on the most marginalized groups in postwar society. This process of “group criminalization” is common and can have different motivations. Regardless of its cause, it was clearly evident in postwar western Germany and we hypothesized that it should have created harsher outcomes for non-German versus German criminal defendants when facing the Allied criminal justice system, such as greater rates of conviction and harsher punishments. This hypothesis was tested using newly collected military government court data from 1945 to 1946. Contrary to expectations, we found a more subtle bias against non-Germans than expected, which we argue reveals important characteristics about the US and British military government criminal justice system.


2019 ◽  
Vol 118 (811) ◽  
pp. 325-327
Author(s):  
Lisa L. Miller

An expert makes a detailed case for criminal justice reform, yet offers few answers for the kind of violent crime wave that led to the era of mass incarceration—and ravages minority communities.


2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 239-264
Author(s):  
Ray Surette

A 2006 US copycat crime wave came into being, surged with thousands of crimes committed, and dissipated without substantial news media attention. The development of this early copycat crime meme is traceable to the nature of the crime, “ghost riding the whip,” and the social media and popular music communication channels associated with it. Ghost riding the whip involved traffic violations where drivers exit their cars and dance atop or alongside the moving driverless vehicles. Social media allowed the widespread diffusion of detailed instructions that spread this crime from a single minority community to the middle class within a 3-month period. The study of this copycat crime meme examined four types of data: Google Trends, rap songs, ProQuest news media data, and YouTube videos. The examination of the crime wave suggests how Gabriel Tarde’s 19th-century ideas operate in the contemporary social media era. However, unlike pre-social media-based crime waves that were launched via interpersonal and legacy media communication pathways, for ghost riding, rap songs, YouTube postings, and Google searches spurred its growth. Legacy media were found to be most important during the crime wave’s decline, but not during its diffusion. For this copycat crime meme, social media’s influence flowed in a unique upward and outward pattern and the results raise the research questions as to how social media have changed the dynamics of crime waves and how important legacy media will be in future crime waves.


2019 ◽  
pp. 68-95
Author(s):  
Carl Suddler

This chapter investigates New York City’s postwar crime wave. After World War II, predictions of a postwar crime wave saturated the headlines of newspapers across the country, and law enforcement officers were advised to be on alert for a rise in crime. This chapter examines the crime-wave sensationalism that plagued New York City after the war, debates surrounding the legitimacy of its rhetoric, its causes, its impact on the community, and prevention plans that were put in place to fight it. Black crime discourse reestablished itself in ways similar to the Progressive era, when many reformers, both white and black, attributed criminal behaviors to social conditions. In postwar New York City, these reformers included social psychiatrists, criminologists, and politicians committed to stopping crime. These efforts, combined with a fortified police presence in the city, made it difficult for black youths to escape presumptions of criminality. The crime wave was packaged with racial undertones, which were reinforced by disproportionate arrest statistics and crime data, that synonymized New York’s crime problem and its black residents, mainly youths.


2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan Aniekwe ◽  
Nwabueze Ikenna Igu

Urban sprawl is a challenge of the century across the globe; however its greatest impact is felt more in developing countries mainly due to its poor planning and ever increasing population. To ascertain how this affects a notable African city, Abuja, a questionnaire design was employed to elicit resident’s perception on the causes and effects of sprawl in the city. A principal component analysis was performed to simplify the relationship between large bodies of variables involved. This was able to collapse the 14 variables representing the causes of sprawl extracted from the response of the respondents and 9 variables representing the effects of sprawl on the environment and on the residents into significant and orthogonal components that explained the variables in the observed data. Among the nine factors that loaded highly on the components, population was the major factor discovered to be responsible for the sprawl. The analysis further showed the main effects of the sprawl on the city as: loss of biodiversity, high dependency on car, traffic congestion, land degradation, alteration of microclimate, destruction of aesthetics, increasing crime wave, pollution and waste management problems. Adhering to the guidelines on urban development for the city will help the residents not to be prone to the effects of urban sprawl and help to maintain good environmental standards and less spending on maintenance on the part of the government.  


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