scholarly journals The concept of care: Insights, challenges and research avenues in COVID-19 times

2020 ◽  
pp. 095892872097392
Author(s):  
Mary Daly
Keyword(s):  
Critical Review ◽  
Relative Power ◽  
Critical Questions ◽  
Future Work

This review focuses on the concept of care, a concept that has never been more popular as a focus of study. It undertakes a critical review, motivated by the breadth of the field and the lack of coherence and linkages across a diverse literature. The review concentrates first on organizing and reviewing the literature in terms of key focus and, second, drawing out the strengths and weaknesses of existing work and making suggestions for how future work might proceed in COVID-19 times. While the existing literature offers many insights, some quite basic things need to be reconsidered, not least definition and conceptualization. Defining care as based on the meeting of perceived welfare-related need, I develop it as comprising need, relations/actors, resources and ideas and values. Each of these dimensions has an inherent disposition towards the study of inequality and it is possible, either by looking at them individually or all together, to identify care as situated in relations of relative power and inequality. The framework allows a set of critical questions to be posed in relation to COVID-19 and the policies and resources that have been mustered in response.

A critical review on automation of steering mechanism of load haul dump machine

2019 ◽  
Vol 234 (2) ◽  
pp. 160-182
Author(s):  
Sreeharsha Rowduru ◽  
Niranjan Kumar ◽  
Ajit Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Critical Review ◽  
Tracking Error ◽  
Steering System ◽  
Pictorial Representation ◽  
Research Gaps ◽  
Steering Mechanism ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Automatic Steering ◽  
Complete Automation ◽  
Future Work

This article presents a brief note on the evolution of steering mechanisms and more emphasized on articulated steering system of the load haul dump machine. In this respect, pictorial representation of the evolution of steering mechanisms for on-road and articulated steering mechanisms of the load haul dump machine is made from the available literature. Critical review on basic elements required for the complete automation of the load haul dump vehicle steering system is presented. Different types of controllers for path tracking error minimization of the scale-modeled or simulated model of the load haul dump steering system are tabulated. Few case studies stimulating the complete automation of the load haul dump steering system employed on the field are also discussed. Challenges and some research gaps in making fully automated steering system of the load haul dump machine are identified in this review article. At the end, based on the critical review, some novel methods for making the fully automated steering system of the load haul dump machine is provided, which is the potential future work for the design and development of feasible automatic steering system.

Non-Wettable Surfaces – From Natural to Artificial and Applications: A Critical Review

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 195-231 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Terhemen Tyowua ◽  
Msugh Targema ◽  
Emmanuel Etim Ubuo
Keyword(s):  
Critical Review ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Liquid Drops ◽  
Basic Properties ◽  
Biomimetic Surfaces ◽  
Review Articles ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Future Work ◽  
Significant Attention

Non-wettable surfaces have recently attracted significant attention due to their enormous promising applications. These applications are primarily due to their ability to repel liquid drops and remain unwetted. In this review, the various names used in describing non-wettable surfaces are given. This is followed by the fundamental theories of wetting. Natural non-wettable surfaces are then considered, along with their importance. Thereafter, we discuss how artificial non-wettable (biomimetic) surfaces are prepared. Next, the basic properties of non-wettable surfaces, which make them promising candidates for a wide range of applications, are discussed. Furthermore, the various applications of non-wettable surfaces are discussed, with references made to review articles with specific coverage of named applications. We conclude with a summary, challenges limiting the application of non-wettable surfaces to some real-life situations and possible suggestions to mitigate them as well as opportunities for future work.

scholarly journals The Value of Methodological Deductivism in Argument Construction

2018 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 471-501 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fábio Perin Shecaira
Keyword(s):  
Natural Language ◽  
Specific Form ◽  
Deductive Argument ◽  
Critical Questions ◽  
Future Work

“Deductivism” is a broad label for various theories that emphasize the importance of deductive argument in contexts of rational discussion. This paper makes a case for a very specific form of deductivism. The paper highlights the dialectical importance of advancing deductively valid arguments (with plausible premises) in natural-language reasoning. Sections 2 and 3 explain the various forms that deductivism has taken. Section 4 makes a case for a particular form of deductivism. Section 5 discusses the value of deductive argument in law. Section 6 concludes and acknowledges critical questions that need to be addressed more fully in future work. 

scholarly journals Reflection on the Sustainability and Multilevel Antifragility Workshop

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 31
Author(s):  
David N Berger
Keyword(s):  
Critical Review ◽  
Catastrophic Failure ◽  
Primary Research ◽  
Current Form ◽  
Campus Sustainability ◽  
Institutional Level ◽  
Study Methodology ◽  
Primary Research Interest ◽  
Fail Safe ◽  
Future Work

Aim: The aim of this article is to provide a brief reflection on the campus sustainability workshop that was held on May 13th, 2016 at the WSB University in Wroclaw. The topic of sustainability, and identifying critical threats to sustainability at the institutional level and beyond is of major concern.Design / Research methods: This reflection relies on a critical review of the discussion and materials presented during the workshop, and the opinion of the author. The observation and participation of the author and fellow participants played a crucial role in shaping the reflection.Conclusions / findings: Firstly, the conclusion drawn is that the methodology used by the host should be more clearly specified, and the questions should be focused and separated, in order to properly research them. Secondly, given the data that was available, that the study of fragilization in this context should focus on Safe to Fail, instead of Fail Safe approaches, to prevent catastrophic failure events.Originality / value of the article: The value of this reflection lies in the primary research interest, however, institutions may benefit from the analysis and opinions suggested. Without properly redesigning the study methodology to be more specific, the value of this research in its current form is limited, this author looks forward to the future work on the topic.

THE MEASUREMENT OF THYROID STIMULATING HORMONE (TSH) IN BODY FLUIDS: A CRITICAL REVIEW

1959 ◽  
Vol XXXII (II) ◽  
pp. 289-309 ◽  
Author(s):  
Judith R. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Critical Review ◽  
Clinical Studies ◽  
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Body Fluids ◽  
List Type ◽  
Clinical Investigations ◽  
Assay Methods ◽  
Future Work ◽  
Tsh Levels

ABSTRACT A large number of methods for estimation of thyrotrophin (TSH) have been proposed. The reliability criteria of some of these methods are reviewed and their applicability to clinical studies discussed. The chief difficulty in the clinical application of TSH assays lies in the lack of methods of sufficient sensitivity to detect the hormone in the very small quantities in which it is present in body fluids. Results of TSH assays should now be expressed in terms of the International Standard. Much of the confusion which exists in the literature arises from the use of various «animal units» and from the fact that results obtained in one centre cannot be compared with those in another. Techniques depending on radiometric criteria are generally sensitive, rapid and simple to perform. For these reasons they are probably the procedures of choice for clinical investigations. In euthyroid subjects TSH levels in blood are low and range from zero to 0.5 ImU/ml of serum. In patients with untreated myxocdema higher levels are generally found; these lie in the range 2.0 to 8.0 ImU/ml. In thyrotoxicosis, the TSH concentration in serum is variable but frequently found to be higher than that in euthyroid subjects; values quoted in the literature range from zero to 1.5 ImU/ml. No correlation has been demonstrated, in patients with exophthalmos, between the degree of exophthalmos and the level of circulating TSH. Future work in the field of TSH investigations will probably be concerned with the development of further in vitro assay methods and with the improvement of fractionation techniques by means of which concentrated extracts containing the hormone can be prepared from blood and urine.

scholarly journals A cognitive-functional approach to utterance pairs: A critical review of dialogic construction grammar

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 162
Author(s):  
Yujing Li
Keyword(s):  
Critical Review ◽  
Cognitive Linguistics ◽  
Theoretical Explanation ◽  
Functional Approach ◽  
Construction Grammar ◽  
Sufficient Data ◽  
Practical Application ◽  
Linguistic Communication ◽  
Cognitive Motivation ◽  
Future Work

The combination of construction grammar and dialogic syntax in cognitive linguistics facilitates a novel cognitive-functional approach to investigating dialogues, which highlights the engagement of interlocutors and aims to examine the cognitive motivation and mechanism underlying the resonances and temporary constructions in utterance pairs. Nevertheless, studies on dialogic construction grammar are scarce and unsystematic, some of which concern theoretical explanation instead of practical application with sufficient data. As a result, it is demanding to testify its explanatory force in diverse types of utterance pairs in natural language. Basically grounded on the monograph Dialogic Construction Grammar: A Theoretical Framework and Its Application, this review sorts out the development of dialogic construction grammar, and manages to presents how the Event domain-based Schema-Instance model is constructed to explore the cognitive mechanism of common types of utterance pairs, particulary, wh-question and answer pairs, namely wh-dialogues, with the intention to  explain how dialogic construction grammar theory is applied to investigate the cognitive-functional properties of common utterance pairs in linguistic communication, at the same time pointing out the future work that might be done in the studies on construction grammar.

Present status of radio astrometry with baselines ≤ 35 km

1978 ◽  
Vol 48 ◽  
pp. 175-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. J. Johnston
Keyword(s):  
Present Status ◽  
Future Work

A summary of results for radio astrometry with baselines ≤ 35 km and priorities for future work are given.

Semi-synthesis as a tool for broadening the health applications of bioactive olive secoiridoids: a critical review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manuela Oliverio ◽  
Monica Nardi ◽  
Maria Luisa Di Gioia ◽  
Paola Costanzo ◽  
Sonia Bonacci ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Critical Review ◽  
Natural Compounds ◽  
Effective Strategy ◽  
Synthetic Analogues ◽  
Health Applications ◽  
Natural And Synthetic

Semi-synthesis is an effective strategy to obtain both natural and synthetic analogues of the olive secoiridoids, starting from easy accessible natural compounds.

A Phonomotor Approach to Apraxia of Speech Treatment

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 2109-2130
Author(s):  
Lauren Bislick
Keyword(s):  
Phase I ◽  
Treatment Effects ◽  
Single Case ◽  
Motor Planning ◽  
The Other ◽  
Multimodal Approach ◽  
Apraxia Of Speech ◽  
Duration Of Treatment ◽  
Treatment Gains ◽  
Future Work

Purpose This study continued Phase I investigation of a modified Phonomotor Treatment (PMT) Program on motor planning in two individuals with apraxia of speech (AOS) and aphasia and, with support from prior work, refined Phase I methodology for treatment intensity and duration, a measure of communicative participation, and the use of effect size benchmarks specific to AOS. Method A single-case experimental design with multiple baselines across behaviors and participants was used to examine acquisition, generalization, and maintenance of treatment effects 8–10 weeks posttreatment. Treatment was distributed 3 days a week, and duration of treatment was specific to each participant (criterion based). Experimental stimuli consisted of target sounds or clusters embedded nonwords and real words, specific to each participants' deficit. Results Findings show improved repetition accuracy for targets in trained nonwords, generalization to targets in untrained nonwords and real words, and maintenance of treatment effects at 10 weeks posttreatment for one participant and more variable outcomes for the other participant. Conclusions Results indicate that a modified version of PMT can promote generalization and maintenance of treatment gains for trained speech targets via a multimodal approach emphasizing repeated exposure and practice. While these results are promising, the frequent co-occurrence of AOS and aphasia warrants a treatment that addresses both motor planning and linguistic deficits. Thus, the application of traditional PMT with participant-specific modifications for AOS embedded into the treatment program may be a more effective approach. Future work will continue to examine and maximize improvements in motor planning, while also treating anomia in aphasia.

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