scholarly journals Monuments and economies: What drove their variability in the middle-Holocene Neolithic?

The Holocene ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (10) ◽  
pp. 1558-1571 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Piet Brozio ◽  
Johannes Müller ◽  
Martin Furholt ◽  
Wiebke Kirleis ◽  
Stefan Dreibrodt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Practice ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Social Changes ◽  
Northern Germany ◽  
Economic Changes ◽  
Southern Scandinavia ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
Neolithic Europe ◽  
Burial Mounds

In the regions of southern Scandinavia and northern Germany, within the Neolithic ( c. 4100–1700 BCE), two episodes of intensified monumental burial construction are known: Funnel Beaker megaliths mainly from c. 3400–3100 BCE and Single Grave burial mounds from c. 2800–2500 BCE. So far, it remains unclear whether these boom phases of monumental construction were linked with phases of economic expansion, to phases of economic changes or to periods of economic crisis: do they precede and stimulate periods of economic growth? Or are they a social practice that results from social changes within the societies? To approach these research questions, we will use mainly information on the intensity of monumental construction phases, artefact depositions, environmental changes and changes in subsistence strategies as proxies for comparative studies. Our database comes from the southern Cimbrian Peninsula and adjacent areas. Being one of the most intensively archaeologically researched regions of Neolithic Europe, this region provides robust data sets. As a result, the study demonstrates that during the Funnel Beaker period, economy and ritual were closely interlinked, while disconnected in the Single Grave period.

Centering microbes in the emerging role of integrative biology in understanding environmental change

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ebony I Weems ◽  
Noé U de la Sancha ◽  
Laurel J Anderson ◽  
Carlos Zambrana-Torrelio ◽  
Ronaldo P Ferraris
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Scale Effects ◽  
Environmental Pollutants ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Integrative Biology ◽  
Concerted Effort ◽  
Ecosystem Disturbance

Synopsis We argue that the current environmental changes stressing the Earth’s biological systems urgently require study from an integrated perspective to reveal unexpected, cross-scale interactions, particularly between microbes and macroscale phenomena. Such interactions are the basis of a mechanistic understanding of the important connections between deforestation and emerging infectious disease, feedback between ecosystem disturbance and the gut microbiome, and the cross-scale effects of environmental pollutants. These kinds of questions can be answered with existing techniques and data, but a concerted effort is necessary to better coordinate studies and data sets from different disciplines to fully leverage their potential.

scholarly journals Changing Neighborhoods and Residents’ Health Perceptions: The Heart Healthy Hoods Qualitative Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (8) ◽  
pp. 1617 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paloma Conde ◽  
Marta Gutiérrez ◽  
María Sandín ◽  
Julia Díez ◽  
Luisa Borrell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Cultural Values ◽  
Health Perceptions ◽  
Social Changes ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Positive Health ◽  
Family Responsibilities ◽  
Economic Changes ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Constant Change

Cities, and therefore neighborhoods, are under constant change. Neighborhood changes may affect residents’ health in multiple ways. The Heart Healthy Hoods (HHH) project studies the association between neighborhood and residents’ health. Focusing on a middle–low-socioeconomic neighborhood in Madrid (Spain), our aim was to describe qualitatively its residents’ perceptions on the urban changes and their impacts on health. We designed a qualitative study using 16 semi-structured interviews including adult residents and professionals living or working in the area. Firstly, we described the perceived main social and neighborhood changes. Secondly, we studied how these neighborhood changes connected to residents’ health perceptions. Perceived major social changes were new demographic composition, new socio–cultural values and economic changes. Residents’ negative health perceptions were the reduction of social relationships, increase of stress and labor precariousness. Positive health perceptions were the creation of supportive links, assimilation of self-care activities and the change in traditional roles. Neighborhood changes yielded both negative and positive effects on residents’ health. These effects would be the result of the interrelation of different elements such as the existence or absence of social ties, family responsibilities, time availability, economic resources and access and awareness to health-promoting programs. These qualitative research results provide important insight into crafting urban health policies that may ultimately improve health outcomes in communities undergoing change.

Nonstationarity of Production Relationships in Exploited Populations

1987 ◽  
Vol 44 (S2) ◽  
pp. s156-s165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carl J. Walters
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Historical Data ◽  
Stock Assessment ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Stock Structure ◽  
Stock Size ◽  
Rate Processes ◽  
And Shifts ◽  
Time Invariant

Stock assessment usually proceeds from the assumption that there are time-invariant relationships between stock size and rate processes such as recruitment, although such relationships are difficult to discern due to noise caused by factors other than stock size. There are good biological reasons not to trust this assumption in exploited populations, where persistent environmental changes and shifts in stock structure may cause various parameters to change. Graphical and statistical procedures can be used to detect this nonstationarity in historical data sets for which stock size has varied so as to repeatedly sample a range of sizes. The policy implications of nonstationarity depend on whether the changes are clearly observable as deviations from known, Song-term baseline responses. If the changes are observable, it is usually best to pretend that the current deviation will persist unless strong constraints on policy change make it necessary to plan for changes that may occur far into the future. If the changes are not observable (the usual case), then it is necessary to make a difficult policy choice between passively waiting for informative stock responses versus actively experimenting with harvest rates so as to quickly get information about responses over a range of stock sizes.

A Changing Spanish Identity

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathryn L. Ness
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Cultural Identity ◽  
Early Modern ◽  
Cultural Change ◽  
Spanish Empire ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Modern History ◽  
Early Modern History ◽  
Spanish Novel ◽  
Research Questions

“A Changing Spanish Identity” outlines the research questions and data sets discussed in Setting the Table by introducing the notion of early modern Spanish cultural identity and the changes it encountered in the eighteenth century. It explains the author’s use of Don Quixote as a guide through the study and why this quintessential Spanish novel is appropriate for exploring themes of cultural change and identity. The chapter argues that, despite the major role the Spanish Empire played in early modern history, it has been largely underrepresented in studies of the Atlantic world. The majority of the chapter contains a brief introduction to the three sites addressed in the study as well as the methodology used to investigate these sites. The chapter concludes with an outline of subsequent chapters.

Collecting and Analyzing Qualitative Data

2019 ◽  
pp. 213-228 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brent Wolff ◽  
Frank Mahoney ◽  
Anna Leena Lohiniva ◽  
Melissa Corkum
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Computer Software ◽  
Internal Validity ◽  
Large Data ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Qualitative Approaches ◽  
Rapport Building ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
High Internal Validity ◽  
Rigorous Method

Qualitative research provides an adaptable, open-ended, rigorous method to explore local perceptions of an issue. Qualitative approaches are effective at revealing the subjective logic motivating behavior. They are particularly appropriate for research questions that are exploratory in nature or involve issues of meaning rather than magnitude or frequency. Key advantages of qualitative approaches include speed, flexibility and high internal validity resulting from emphasis on rapport building and ability to probe beneath the surface of initial responses. Given the time-intensive nature of qualitative analysis, samples tend to be small and purposively selected to assure every interview counts. Qualitative studies can be done independently or embedded in mixed-method designs. Qualitative data analysis depends on rigorous reading and rereading texts ideally with more than one analyst to confirm interpretations. Computer software is useful for analyzing large data sets but manual coding is often sufficient for rapid assessments in field settings..

Place of Social Pedagogy in the System of Science

2022 ◽  
pp. 15-29
Author(s):  
Lazarus D. M. Oupa Lebeloane
Keyword(s):  
Social Changes ◽  
Psychological Science ◽  
Social Pedagogy ◽  
Norms And Values ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
Educational Perspective

This chapter discusses the place of social pedagogy in the system of science. It is part of the general pedagogical discipline that deals with socialization problems from a pedagogical perspective. These problems include continuous cultural and social changes within families from childhood to adulthood. These changes are influenced by people's modern and post-modern lifestyles as individuals and collectively. They are further coupled with the challenges of crises of giving meaning to lifestyles, as well as the problems of exposing and bringing up children and the youth within set ethics, morals, norms, and values. The place of social pedagogy in the system of science is discussed from an educational perspective, psychological science, and other sciences, such as anthropology, ecology, history, philosophy, and sociology. A conclusion is drawn and it is followed by research questions.

Paleoclimatic reconstruction studies in lake sediments: major proxies, technical evolution and database

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paula Bianchini ◽  
Elder Yokoyama ◽  
Luciana Prado
Keyword(s):  
Lake Sediments ◽  
Climate Changes ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Drainage Basin ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Temporal Variations ◽  
Quality Data ◽  
Anthropogenic Factors ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Geochemical Composition

<p>Paleoclimate studies in different temporal and spatial scales provide important information on long-term statistics required to test hypotheses about climate changes. Comprehensive high-quality data sets and a solid understanding of dynamic climate processes in different temporal variations are essential to evaluate the sensitivity of the climatic system. Moreover, these data sets and dynamic analyses can help to distinguish the variability of natural and anthropogenic factors, reducing uncertainties about the magnitude and impact of future global climate changes. A common way to conduct paleoclimatic studies is through high resolution multiproxy lake sediments. Lake environments have been increasingly used in recent years to infer past fluctuations in climate, and many studies that comprise different locations and timescales demonstrate the great value of lakes as paleoclimatic archives. Because lake sediments are continental indicators sensitive to environmental changes, they can be used to reconstruct climate parameters, such as past rainfall, area management and environmental or limnological lake conditions. Changes of rainfall quantity can be recorded in lake archives by the variation of sedimentary input, which is related to changes in drainage basin and erosion rate. Beside of sedimentary input, lake sediments also exhibit physical and chemical changes in water bodies which, in turn, induce transformation in geochemical composition caused by changes in runoff or other allocated components. Thus, there is a variation in the proxies used in the studies, both in relation to the type of proxy used and the relationship used. In this context, we made a compilation of paleoclimatic studies on lake sediments (about 350 lakes), focusing on the main proxies used. Our study shows that there has been a change in the major proxies used along decades and with the emergence of new analysis techniques. In addition, we notice that lake characteristics (e.g., shape, geomorphological context, formation, etc.) have directly influence the proxies used and the quality of the information obtained. This compilation provides a database with an analysis of several lakes around the world, which can help future works and enable the identification of commonly used proxies according to the different variables that should be used, promoting more objective analyzes.</p>

Socio-economic impact of hydropower projects in dzongu region of North Sikkim

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bhattarai Bhattarai
Keyword(s):  
Economic Impact ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Economic Changes ◽  
Adverse Impacts ◽  
Global Demand ◽  
Project Construction ◽  
The Hours ◽  
Water Resources Projects ◽  
Socio Economic Impact

<p>The increasing global demand for energy combined with the ongoing quest for clean, renewable energy has been a topic of perceived interest among countries of developed and developing world. Construction and operations of dams have always been associated with changes in the physical, biological and social environment. No doubt electricity generation is the need of the hours for development, but the large projects do involve the submersion of large track of land and the displacement of people. Socio-economic and cultural impacts arising from project construction and environmental transformations are rooted in the complex interactivity between social and biophysical environments. Human communities are integral components of their environment as well as potential agents for environmental change. Hence environmental changes in settled areas are often profoundly interlinked with subsequent changes that occur within society. This paper focuses on the impacts of Hydro-electric power projects in the Himalayan region of Sikkim with special reference to the Dzongu which focus on demographic and Socio-economic changes. While benefits such as employment have accrued to the rural community from these economic development projects, changes in land use and in people’s occupations may have adverse impacts on their future livelihoods. The interests of local must be listened to and taken care of during the planning and the policy makers must adopt a model or strategies so that the impacts and effects of such type developmental activities can be minimized and local people who are living in the vicinity as well as who have sacrificed their belongings. To maximize the positive impacts and mitigate the negative environmental, social and economic impacts, sustainability of water resources projects is required.</p><p>Keywords: Dzongu, Hydropower, Lepcha, Sikkim, Socio-economic impact.</p>

My Dinner with Derrida, or Spatial Analysis and Poststructuralism Do Lunch

1998 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 247-260 ◽  
Author(s):  
D P Dixon ◽  
J P Jones
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Analysis ◽  
Social Order ◽  
Social Practice ◽  
Spatial Analyst ◽  
Research Questions

Menu. This paper extends our previous efforts to (de)lineate contemporary divisions between poststructuralist and spatial analytic, or scientific, approaches in geography. We adopt the format of a dialogue between a hypothetical spatial analyst (SA) and a poststructuralist (PS). Their exchange covers, among other items, the differing stances of these approaches to epistemology, ontology, research questions and methods, and the concept of ‘context’. We also further develop the concept of the ‘epistemology of the grid’, which we define as the spatialization of categorical thought. We link this epistemology to two others, Cartesian perspectivalism and ocularcentrism, arguing that their realization in social practice is generative of social order.

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