scholarly journals Landscape change and vegetation history in the city of Lisbon during Roman times and the Early Medieval Period

The Holocene ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 134-144
Author(s):  
Andrés Currás ◽  
Ana Maria Costa ◽  
Maria da Conceição Freitas ◽  
Randi Danielsen ◽  
Jacinta Bugalhão
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Human Activities ◽  
Landscape Change ◽  
Vegetation History ◽  
Landscape Changes ◽  
Medieval Period ◽  
Early Medieval Period ◽  
Sedimentary Deposits ◽  
Socioeconomic Transformation ◽  
The City

Pollen and NPP analysis performed on the sedimentary deposits accumulated in the inter-tidal banks of the Tagus Estuary allow for the reconstruction of vegetation history and landscape changes that occurred in Lisbon from the 1st to the 6th century cal AD. The high chronological resolution of this investigation makes it possible to identify changes in human activities that took place during the Roman period and reveals the extent of land use in the 2nd century cal AD. However, the most considerable landscape transformation of this 600-year period dates back to the late 5th century cal AD, when significant deforestation and increasing human activity, particularly pasturing, spread throughout the territory. This feature bears witness to the outcome of a deep socioeconomic transformation following the disintegration of the Roman administration and sheds light on a poorly known period in this part of Iberia.

Recopolis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lauro Olmo Enciso
Keyword(s):  
Urban Development ◽  
Social Inequality ◽  
Road Network ◽  
Hierarchical Organization ◽  
Rural Settlements ◽  
Medieval Period ◽  
The Road ◽  
Early Medieval Period ◽  
Industrial Buildings ◽  
The City

The foundation of the city of Recopolis on the initiative of King Liuvigild in ad 578 is the clearest material expression of the participation of the Visigothic state in urban development and in the creation of power landscapes. The ex novo construction of the city – city walls, palatial complex, elite houses, commercial and industrial buildings, hierarchical organization of space – and its impact on the wider territory, with the reorganization and renovation of the road network and creation of new rural settlements, was a clear demonstration of political prowess and an expression of the tax-collecting power of the state. Contextualizing these features within the broader landscape helps in understanding the spatial and social inequality that characterized the beginning of the early medieval period.

scholarly journals Landscape Change in Mediterranean Farmlands: Impacts of Land Abandonment on Cultivation Terraces in Portofino (Italy) and Lesvos (Greece)

2014 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Theo Van Der Sluis ◽  
Thanasis Kizos ◽  
Bas Pedroli
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Landscape Change ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Urban Expansion ◽  
Population Decline ◽  
Aerial Photographs ◽  
Landscape Changes ◽  
The Past ◽  
Mediterranean Landscapes ◽  
The Mediterranean

Abstract The Mediterranean landscape has been rapidly changing over the past decades. Many regions saw a population decline, which resulted in changing land use, abandonment of marginal lands and colonisation by shrubs and tree species. Typical features like farming terraces, olive yards, and upland grasslands have been decreasing over the past 50 years. This results in a declining biodiversity and loss of traditional Mediterranean landscapes. In this paper we assess the landscape changes that took place in two areas, in Portofino, on the Italian Riviera, and Lesvos, a Greek island near the Turkish coast. We compared land use maps and aerial photographs over the past decades to quantify the land use changes in these two areas. Additional information was acquired from farmers’ interviews and literature. We found that changes are related to societal changes in the appraisal of agricultural land uses, and to the urban expansion, tourism and recreation. These diffuse processes are a result of policy measures and autonomous societal transformations. This is confirmed by the results of two interview surveys: between 1999 and 2012 agricultural land use in Portofino regional Park and buffer zone further marginalised, and the associated landscape changes are perceived as a substantial loss of character and identity. This problem is emblematic for large parts of the Mediterranean. Comparing different landscapes reveal similar processes of landscape change, which can be related to similar driving forces. Based on such comparisons, we learn about possible trajectories of change, and ask for a comprehensive approach to land use management.

scholarly journals Splitska katedrala u ranome srednjem vijeku

2010 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomislav Marasović
Keyword(s):  
Virgin Mary ◽  
Medieval Period ◽  
Early Medieval ◽  
Patron Saint ◽  
Early Medieval Period ◽  
The City ◽  
The Temple

The temple of Jupiter at Diocletian’s palace in Split, which at the same time was also the mausoleum of the emperor, was transformed in the early medieval period into a cathedral dedicated to the Virgin Mary, otherwise much better known under the name of St. Domnius, the patron saint of the city. Changes in the function of the structure were reflected in the following:

scholarly journals Land-Use Dynamics in Transport-Impacted Urban Fabric: A Case Study of Martin–Vrútky, Slovakia

Land ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 273
Author(s):  
Jana Nozdrovická ◽  
Ivo Dostál ◽  
František Petrovič ◽  
Imrich Jakab ◽  
Marek Havlíček ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Land Use Changes ◽  
Road Transport ◽  
Transport Infrastructure ◽  
Landscape Changes ◽  
The Past ◽  
The City ◽  
The Town ◽  
Past Conditions

The paper evaluates landscape development, land-use changes, and transport infrastructure variations in the city of Martin and the town of Vrútky, Slovakia, over the past 70 years. It focuses on analyses of the landscape structures characterizing the study area in several time periods (1949, 1970, 1993, 2003); the past conditions are then compared with the relevant current structure (2018). Special attention is paid to the evolution of the landscape elements forming the transport infrastructure. The development and progressive changes in traffic intensities are presented in view of the resulting impact on the formation of the landscape structure. The research data confirm the importance of transport as a force determining landscape changes, and they indicate that while railroad accessibility embodied a crucial factor up to the 1970s, the more recent decades were characterized by a gradual shift to road transport.

Movement

2021 ◽  
pp. 149-182
Author(s):  
Tyler Franconi ◽  
Chris Green
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Medieval Period ◽  
Early Medieval ◽  
Archaeological Evidence ◽  
Early Medieval Period

This chapter presents means for modelling movement including information on the nature of the terrain, contrasting also movement by land and by water. We also used the densities and distribution of archaeological evidence as a proxy for land use and movement. In addition, we include place name evidence for the early medieval period and the little we have from the Romano-British period. The results of our model are compared with possible routes on land and water for various periods to throw light on patterns of movement and impediments to connections between areas.

Dynamic assessment of flood inundation based on a spatiotemporal hydrological model feed by a dynamic representation of human activities

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kouadio Prudence Aka ◽  
Gerald A Corzo P ◽  
Koffi blaise  Yao
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Human Activities ◽  
Historical Data ◽  
Morphometric Parameters ◽  
Climatic Data ◽  
Runoff Water ◽  
Dynamic Representation ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City ◽  
Hydrological Functioning

<p>Floods are one of the most recurrent and damaging natural disasters in cities in developing countries today. The city of Abidjan (economic capital of Côte d'Ivoire) is not immune to these disasters. Indeed, according to the ONPC (2014), floods have killed an average of 13 people each year since 2009. One of the causes of the worsening and recurrence of these disasters is the urbanization experienced by the city of Abidjan in recent years. This urbanization has resulted in an increase in waterproofed areas and at the same time an increase in the volume of runoff water. The main objective of this research is to study the dynamics of floods and to see the impact of human activities on the hydrological functioning of the Gourou and Bonoumin watersheds in order to anticipate the risks of flooding. To do this, several specific objectives have been assigned in this study. These are: (1) the morphometric characterization of each watershed ; (2) the cartographic and diagnostic of stormwater management works and the dynamics of land use as well as the study of the variability of rainfall relative to the resurgence of floods in each basin ; (3) the establishment of a geographic information system for the study of floods; and (4) the prospective study of the evolution of land use and the future hydrological functioning of the watersheds studied using scenarios in order to take measures to fight against floods. The equipment used is composed of rain gauges (for measuring the spatial variation of rainfall in each sub-basin), limnimetric scales (to measure the heights of water in rivers), a double-ring infiltrometer (to measure the infiltration capacity on the basins) and software (Goldsim for simulating the behavior of watersheds). The data used consist of climatic data (temperature, rain), historical data on the floods in Abidjan, land use data (satellite images), physical characterization data of the watersheds (slope, hydrographic network, sanitation network , rainwater management works, morphometric parameters of the basins. The methodology adopted consisted of (1) collecting historical data on past floods in Abidjan; (2) description of the environment during rainy events; (3) studying the morphometric parameters of the watersheds studied and also (4) the study of the evolution of rainfall. Thus, the results obtained made it possible to show that the Gourou and Bonoumin basins cover respectively an area of 27.42 km² and 46.37 km² and the Gravelius indices of the two basins are respectively 4.89 and 5.51. Each year, the risk of a flood occurring is 75% with an average of more than 500 million property damage. The level reached in flooded areas of about 1 meter and according to historical data about inundations in Abidjan, on average 16 people lose their lives each year.</p>

Beit Ras (Capitolias): the archaeological project (2014–2016)

2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 473-504
Author(s):  
Jolanta Młynarczyk
Keyword(s):  
Medieval Period ◽  
City Wall ◽  
Early Medieval Period ◽  
Resistivity Method ◽  
Architectural Features ◽  
Roman Age ◽  
The City ◽  
The Town ◽  
Early Islamic ◽  
Northern Jordan

Polish excavations at the site of Beit Ras (ancient Capitolias) in the governorate of Irbid, northern Jordan, investigated an area in the northern part of the ancient town, to the west of the Roman-age theater. Three seasons of fieldwork were conducted, starting in 2014 with a survey using the electric resistivity method to detect ancient structures. The presence of architectural features was noted, dated by surface finds spanning a period from the 1st–2nd through the 12th–13th centuries AD. In the next two seasons, in 2015 and 2016, excavation of three archaeological trenches led to the discovery of the remains of a winery and a section of the city wall, as well as a sequence of floors. This established a chronology of usage from the Roman to the early medieval period and proved that this part of the town was mostly domestic in character, at least during the Byzantine and early Islamic periods. Evidence of destruction of a nearby church was also found, tentatively attributed to a Sassanian raid in AD 614 or soon after.

scholarly journals At the Crossroads of European Landscape Changes: Major Processes of Landscape Change in Czechia since the Middle of the 19th Century and Their Driving Forces

Land ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 34
Author(s):  
Lucie Kupková ◽  
Ivan Bičík ◽  
Leoš Jeleček
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Landscape Change ◽  
Cultural Landscape ◽  
Driving Forces ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Landscape Changes ◽  
Mountain Areas ◽  
Key Events ◽  
The 19Th Century

Changes in the cultural landscape provide essential evidence about the manner and intensity of the interactions between humans and nature. Czechia has a specific location in Central Europe. It is positioned at the crossroads of European landscape changes. These changes can be documented based on a unique database that shows the development of land use since the middle of the 19th century. In this study, we aimed to address the major processes of landscape change that occurred during four periods over the past 165 years, at the cadastral level on the territory of present-day Czechia. Further we identify and discuss proximate and underlying driving forces of the landscape changes. We used land use data from the year 1845, 1896, 1948, 1990, and 2010 that correspond to key events in Czech history. The major processes and intensity of landscape change were evaluated based on calculations of increases and decreases in land use classes between the first and last year of each examined period. The period 1845–1896 was the only period in which arable land increased, and the most recent period, 1990–2010, was the only period during which a grassing over process was recorded. Afforestation was recorded in all periods. The communist period was characterized by unified changes—urbanization, afforestation, arable land decrease, and landscape devastation. The post-communist period was, in some respects, beneficial to the landscape (e.g., grassing over and afforestation, particularly in mountain areas), but it also led to negative processes, such as strong urbanization and land abandonment. Such changes lead to landscape polarization. The landscape changes in Czechia during the period 1845–2010 reflect many important historical events in Europe. In our analysis, we demonstrate the essential impact of underlying drivers and also identify driving forces specific to the development of the Czech territory.

scholarly journals Monitoring Landscape Changes in Japan Using Classification of Modis Data Combined with a Landscape Transformation Sere (LTS) Model

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 23-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ippei Harada ◽  
Keitarou Hara ◽  
Mizuki Tomita ◽  
Kevin Short ◽  
Jonggeol Park
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Landscape Change ◽  
Forest Cover ◽  
National Level ◽  
Landscape Changes ◽  
Modis Data ◽  
Landscape Transformation ◽  
Broad Leaved Forest ◽  
Leaved Forest

Abstract Japan, with over 75% forest cover, is one of the most heavily forested countries in the world. Various types of climax forest are distributed according to latitude and altitude. At the same time, human intervention in Japan has historically been intensive, and many forest habitats show the influence of various levels of disturbance. Furthermore, Japanese landscapes are changing rapidly, and a system of efficient monitoring is needed. The aim of this research was to identify major historical trends in Japanese landscape change and to develop a system for identifying and monitoring patterns of landscape change at the national level. To provide a base for comparison, Warmth Index (WI) climatic data was digitalized and utilized to map potential climax vegetation for all of Japan. Extant Land Use Information System (LUIS) data were then modified and digitalized to generate national level Land Use/Land Cover (LU/LC) distribution maps for 1900, 1950 and 1985. In addition, MODIS data for 2001 acquired by the Tokyo University of Information Sciences were utilized for remote LU/LC classification using an unsupervised method on multi-temporal composite data. Eight classification categories were established using the ISODATA (cluster analyses) method; alpine plant communities, evergreen coniferous forest, evergreen broad-leaved forest, deciduous broad-leaved forest, mixed forest, arable land (irrigated rice paddy, non-irrigated, grassland), urban area, river and marsh. The results of the LUIS analyses and MODIS classifications were interpreted in terms of a Landscape Transformation Sere model assuming that under increasing levels of human disturbance the landscape will change through a series of stages. The results showed that overall forest cover in Japan has actually increased over the century covered by the data; from 72.1% in 1900 to 76.9% in 2001. Comparison of the actual vegetation and the potential vegetation as predicted by WI, however, indicated that in many areas the climax vegetation has been replaced by secondary forests such as conifer timber plantations. This trend was especially strong in the warm and mid temperate zones of western Japan. This research also demonstrated that classification of moderate resolution remote sensing data, interpreted within a LTS framework, can be an effective tool for efficient and repeat monitoring of landscape changes at the national level. In the future, the authors plan to continue utilizing this approach to track rapidly occurring changes in Japanese landscapes at the national level.

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