REASONS OF USING ARABIZI AMONG ENGLISH LANGUAGE STUDENTS IN JORDAN

The purpose of this study is to investigate the reasons for utilizing Arabizi among students at Jadara and Yarmouk Universities, as well as the prevalent motivations for switching for each reason. For the academic year 2019/2020, this quantitative study includes students studying English language and translation at two institutions, Yarmouk and Jadara. The participants in this study were picked at random from Jadara and Yarmouk Universities in the Irbid governorate. This study's data comes from a questionnaire that was given to 283 students of both genders (male and female). The researchers used Standard Deviations, percentages, means, frequencies, statistical figures, and the Friedman test to answer the study's research question. The findings revealed that there are numerous explanations for this. It is used by the participants as a prestigious language, as well as an easy way to write and appear more westernized. Code switching has three motivations: communication, intellectual, and solidarity. Because this study was limited to the governorate of Irbid, which is located in northern Jordan, there is a need to investigate the reasons in other Jordanian geographic locations.

The Classification of Bedouin Arabic: Insights from Northern Jordan

The goal of the present paper is to provide a revaluation of the classification of the Bedouin dialects of Northern Arabia and the Southern Levant, based on published or publicly available data and on first-hand data recently collected amongst some Bedouin tribes in Northern Jordan. We suggest extending previous classifications that identify three types of dialects, namely A (ʿnizi), B (šammari), and C (šāwi). Although intermediary or mixed types combining šammari features with šāwi features were already noted, our data suggest that further combinations are possible, either because they had so far been unnoticed or because recent levelling and dialect mixing have blurred the boundaries between some of the varieties.

The effect of playing electronic games on student behavior in public schools in Jordan from the teachers' point of view: أثر ممارسة الألعاب الإلكترونية على سلوكيات الطلبة في المدارس الحكومية في الأردن من وجهة نظر المعلمين

The study aimed to identify the effect of playing electronic games on students' behavior in public schools in Jordan from the teachers’ point of view, and to achieve the aim of the study, the corresponding study tool was prepared and its validity and reliability were confirmed. The study sample consisted of a number of public school teachers in the Northern Jordan Valley. In the governorate of Irbid, who numbered (45) teachers, and they were chosen by the intentional method, the researcher used the qualitative approach to suit the nature of the study and its objectives, and the study reached the following results: The results of the interviews of the respondents showed that there are unusual behaviors that appeared on students as a result of their merging with electronic games and this What all the interviewed individuals indicated, and the majority of the study sample indicated that there are changes in students ’behavior such as irritation, violence, hitting, blind imitation of some wrong behaviors, immoral habits and negative habits that affected their social habits with their peers, and most of the respondents indicated that the academic achievement of students who Playing electronic games has clearly decreased, and in light of the results of the study, the researcher presented many m The recommendations include conducting many studies and research on the impact of electronic games at different age stages, educating parents about the danger of electronic games on children, holding awareness and introducing workshops on the dangers and negatives of electronic games, highlighting the school’s role in addressing the problem of electronic games for students, by educating them and guiding them about the harms of this Games for their behaviors.

The reality of educational transformations for primary school students under the Corona pandemic from the point of view of school principals in the Northern Jordan Valley: واقع التحولات التربوية لطلبة المرحلة الأساسية في ظل جائحة كورونا من وجهة نظر مدراء المدارس في لواء الأغوار الشمالية

The study aimed to identify the reality of educational transformations for primary school students in light of the Corona pandemic from the point of view of school principals in the Northern Jordan Valley. A number of (35) principals in the Northern Jordan Valley were chosen intentionally, and the study reached the following results: the results of the interviews of the respondents showed that the educational relations were limited and transformed from the school system with its elements to the home system with its elements, and to the transfer of the process of receiving the educational authority From administrators and teachers in the school to parents and older brothers at home, and because of the shift in the spatial presence and the abolition of the role of the director and the teacher as an educational process and its transfer to the educational platforms that came during the Corona pandemic, the educational burden and follow-up became entrusted to a very high rate estimated at (80%). As the student’s dependence on himself and his parents, and in light of the results of the study, the researcher made several recommendations for the need to conduct more studies and research Related to the educational reality and its transformations in light of the Corona pandemic at other age and educational stages, and the need to think of solutions to students’ problems resulting from their confinement to educational platforms and their lack of mixing with their peers.

The digital readiness of school principals in The northern Jordan Valley in the light of Corona pandemic and its impact on administration of administrative tasks from the teachers' point of view: الاستعداد الرقمي لدى مدراء المدارس بلواء الأغوار الشمالية في ظل جائحة كورونا وأثره في إدارة المهام الإدارية من وجهة نظر المعلمين

The study aimed to identify the digital readiness of school principals in The northern Jordan Valley in the light of the Corona pandemic and its impact on administration administrative tasks from the teachers' point of view, The researcher used the descriptive and analytical method, the tool is a questionnaire that distributed to a group of male and female teachers in public schools and those affiliated to the education directorates in the northern Jordan Valley, which numbered (180) teachers, who were chosen by simple random method, The results of the study showed that the effect of digital readiness of school principals in the light of Corona pandemic in the administration of administrative tasks on an overall average (3.88 out of 5), i.e. an approval degree of readiness (high), There are no statistically significant differences between the arithmetic means of the responses of the sample members to the tool as a whole due to variables (gender, experience, educational qualification), In light of the results, the researcher recommended the necessity of holding workshops and training courses for teachers and school principals to help them use the computer and the Internet efficiently and effectively to deal with the requirements and strategies of digital learning, in addition to supporting the digital readiness of school principals to maintain the permanence and continuity of education in the Jordan Valley and throughout the Kingdom of Jordan and the Arab countries.

Health expenditures of asthma-COPD overlap in Northern Jordan

Objective To investigate the characteristics and medical expenditures of patients with Asthma- chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) overlap (ACO) compared to asthma and COPD patients. Methods This was a retrospective cohort study involving patients diagnosed with ACO, asthma or COPD as of January 2016. Medical records for patients attending King Abdullah University Hospital (KAUH), in northern Jordan, during the years 2015–2016 were used to identify eligible patients and all relevant clinical characteristics. Both respiratory and all-cause charges were extracted from KAUH billing system during the year 2016. Total, inpatient, outpatient, and pharmacy charges were described and compared across the three disease categories. Charges were measured in Jordanian Dinar (JOD, equal to 1.41 US Dollar). Results Of a total of 761, 87 ACO patients, 494 asthmatic patients and 180 COPD patients were identified and included in this study. The average total respiratory-related charges were significantly higher in patients with ACO compared to patients with asthma (601.4 versus 354.3 JODs; P value < 0.001). Average all-cause charges were higher in case of ACO and COPD compared to patients with asthma (1830.8 and 1705.4 versus 1251.7 JODs; P value < 0.001). ACO was a significant predictor of higher respiratory and all-cause related charges. Respiratory charges were also higher in older patients and those with higher disease severity. Conclusions ACO is a risk factor for incurring higher health expenditures in Jordan. Higher respiratory expenditures are also associated with older ages and higher disease severity.

Characteristics of Hollow Compressed Earth Block Stabilized Using Cement, Lime, and Sodium Silicate

This research aims to produce a Compressed Earth Block (CEB) product using locally available soil collected from northern Jordan. The CEB mixture was further stabilized using Portland cement, lime, and sodium silicate. The research significance is based upon the urgent need of most developing countries (e.g. Jordan, Egypt…etc) to build more durable and low-cost houses by using locally available materials. As a result, CEB was identified as a cheap and environmentally friendly construction material. CEB specimens were thoroughly characterized by studying the mechanical properties and durability characteristics. Blocks of 30 x 15 x 8 cm with two holes of 7.5 cm in diameter have a potential for higher enduring, higher compressive strength, better thermal insulation, and lower production cost. Blocks were manufactured with an addition of 8 % for either Portland cement or lime, as well as 2 % of sodium silicate to the soil. The results showed that the addition of 8 % of cement to the CEB achieves satisfactory results in both mechanical and durability properties. Also, the addition of sodium silicate was found to enhance the early-age compressive strength however it affected negatively the durable properties of blocks by increasing the erosion rate and deterioration when exposed to water.