Acute Toxicity in Rats of Chlorinated Hydrocarbons Given via the Intratracheal Route

1992 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 173-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leslie P. McCarty ◽  
Donal C. Flannagan ◽  
Scot A. Randall ◽  
Keith A. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Tetrachloride ◽  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Medical Treatment ◽  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Chlorinated Hydrocarbons ◽  
First Aid ◽  
Ethylene Dichloride ◽  
Oral Toxicity ◽  
Emergency Medical ◽  
Approximate Lethal Dose

1 The approximate lethal dose (ALD) of six chlorinated hydrocarbons via the intratracheal route has been determined in rats and compared with published oral LD50 values. 2 The compounds tested in this study were dichloromethane, perchloroethylene, trichloroethylene, carbon tetrachloride, chloroform and ethylene dichloride. 3 A method of administering the materials intratracheally to unanaesthetized animals was developed. 4 The intratracheal ALD of the chlorinated hydrocarbons ranged from 3.1 to 17.5% of the oral LD 50 and death was peracute. 5 Aspiration of chlorinated hydrocarbons may present more of a hazard than oral toxicity and should be considered when rendering first aid or emergency medical treatment.

Acute toxicity of an insecticidal little containing ivermectin and fipronil for white mice

2020 ◽  
pp. 31-32
Author(s):  
Mikhail A. Levchenko ◽  
◽  
Natalia A. Sennikova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Acute Oral Toxicity ◽  
Oral Toxicity ◽  
Toxicological Assessment ◽  
Russian Research Institute ◽  
Veterinary Entomology ◽  
Russian Research

Toxicological assessment is a mandatory research step in the development of new insecticidal drugs. At the All-Russian Research Institute of Veterinary Entomology and Arachnology, a prototype of the insecticidal bait Mukhnet IF was obtained with an active ingredient content of 0.06% ivermectin and 0.015% fipronil, which showed a highly effective effect against houseflies. This work presents the results of the study of acute oral toxicity of the above agent. For this, male white mice with a live weight of 16-26 g were selected. They were kept on a starvation diet for one day in individual houses with water. The drug was given in mg/kg body weight the next day. A total of 33 doses have been tested, ranging from 100 mg/kg to 40,000 mg/kg. The animals were observed for 14 days. According to the research results, it was revealed that at doses up to 20,000 mg/kg there were no signs of intoxication, but when tested at 25,000 mg/kg in some mice, these signs were noted, and at 30,000, 35,000 and 40,000 mg/kg deaths were recorded 20±10, 45±30 and 60±20%, respectively. It was not possible to test the drug over the last above dose due to incomplete eaten by mice. According to the degree of danger for warm-blooded animals, the drug belongs to the 4th class of low-hazard drugs (average lethal dose of 5000 mg/kg or more) in accordance with the classification of GOST 12.1.007-76. When analyzing the literature data on the toxicological characteristics of preparations containing ivermectin and chlorfenapyr, it was revealed that the insecticidal agent in its acute toxicity for warm-blooded animals is comparable to known analogues.

Safety Evaluation of an Apitherapy Formulation, Bao-Yuan-Ling: Acute and Sub-acute Oral Toxicity in Wistar Rats

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-92
Author(s):  
Sun Yanru ◽  
Shen Zhenhuang ◽  
Jia Zhe ◽  
Miao Xiaoqing
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Toxicity Test ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Drug Effects ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Acute Toxicity Test ◽  
Weight Changes ◽  
Oral Toxicity

Bao-Yuan-Ling (BYL) is an apitherapy formulation which is composed of royal jelly, propolis and bee venom. Cardioprotective effects of BYL has been demonstrated, while the toxicity of BYL was not clear. In this study, acute and sub-acute toxicity test of BYL was processed following Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) 423 and OECD 407, respectively, in Wistar rats. In acute toxicity test, rats were orally treated with BYL at the single dose of 2000 mg/kg and 5000 mg/kg. No death occurred in the acute toxicity test for 7 days, which indicated the lethal dose 50% value exceeded 5000 mg/kg. In sub-acute toxicity study, rats were treated with BYL at the dose of 250 mg/kg, 500 mg/kg and 1000 mg/kg in a daily base for continuous 28 days. Results showed that female rats were more likely to be affected by BYL in body weight changes, while biochemical indicators of blood serum in male rats were more susceptible to drug effects. However, neither female nor male rats were affected by BYL administration significantly on the organs via hematoxylin-eosin staining analysis. Results suggested that BYL was slightly toxic and clinical use was safe and reliable.

scholarly journals Oral Acute Toxicity of Polyenylphosphatidylcholine (PPC) in Rats

2005 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 63-68
Author(s):  
Sanja Krošnjar ◽  
Maida Todić ◽  
Sanela Bakić ◽  
Begler Begović ◽  
Irfan Zulić ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Single Dose ◽  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Cell Membrane ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Oral Route ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Test Substance ◽  
Oral Toxicity ◽  
Dose Oral

Endogen phospholipids play a major role in determining the structure and nature of cell membranes. A deficiency of phospholipids in cellular membranes makes it almost impossible for the cell membrane to perform its function as a selective barrier between what passes in and out of the cell. Polyenylphosphatidylcholine chemical structure corresponds to that of endogen phospholipids, but it possesses functional superiority because of its content of unsaturated fatty acids. Polyenylphosphatidylcholine integrates in the cell membrane and organelle systems while becoming their constitutive elements. A healthy cell membrane leads to healthy cells and then healthy tissue and then to healthy organs or body systems and finally, healthy bodies and minds. For a long time, polyenylphosphatidylcholine in combination with vitamins has been used in the treatment of numerous health problems such as liver diseases, dyslipoproteinaemias and different intoxications with consequent liver failure. The main aim of toxicology studies is evaluation of the toxic potential and risks of human exposition to the substance. According to the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) acute oral toxicity refers to those adverse effects occurring following oraladministration of a single dose of a substance or multiple doses given within 24 hours. LD50 (median lethal dose), oral, is a statistically derived single dose of a substance that can be expected to cause death in 50 per cent of animals when administered by the oral route. Our acute toxicity study was performed on albino Wistar rats. Animals were randomised in three experimental and one control group, each of 5 males and 5 females. Study was based on the administration of a single oral dose of the test substance (polyenylphosphatidylcholine) to each experimental animal. There were three dose-levels of the test substance: 300, 500 and 1000 mg/kg. Test substance administration day was the first day of the observation period that lasted 14 days. Control animals were given milk vehicle. At the end of the study, no statistically significant differences between experimental and control animals were observed concerning the recorded parameters: body weight, respiratory rate, tremor, faeces and phonation quality, indicating the absence of the test substance acute toxicity.

Hepato- and Nephroprotective Effects of the Polyphenol Concentrate From Cabernet Sauvignon Grape Varieties Cultivated in Kazakhstan in the Experimental Model Of CCL4-Induced Toxicity

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (03) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nurgozhin T. ◽  
Sergazy S. H. ◽  
Adilgozhina G. ◽  
Gulyayev A. ◽  
Shulgau Z. ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Tetrachloride ◽  
Experimental Model ◽  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Cabernet Sauvignon ◽  
Intragastric Administration ◽  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
Antioxidant Stress

Objective:This study investigates the hepatoprotective effect and the antioxidant role of polyphenol concentrate in the experimental model of carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) induced toxicity. Methods: Antioxidant activity of Cabernet Sauvignon grape polyphenol were evaluated by radical scavenging of 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl radical (DPPH), 2,2’-azinobis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS.+). In addition, the effects of polyphenol concentrate on the survival of Wistar rats in the toxicity model, was also investigated. The polyphenol concentrate was administered for 5 five days prior to injection of carbon tetrachloride in a sub-lethal dose of 300 mg/kg of animal body weight in order to perform histological examinations of the liver and kidney, and detect the levels of AST, ALT and bilirubin. Results: Administration of polyphenol concentrate increased animal survival in the experimental model. Moreover, the intragastric administration of polyphenol concentrate prior to the initiation of the experimental model of toxicity, which was caused by a sub-lethal CCl4 dose, reduced morphological injuries in the liver and kidney, decreased the AST and ALT levels of the blood serum. Discussion and conclusion: Our data demonstrate that polyphenol concentrate possesses an antioxidant potential both in vitro and in vivo by reducing antioxidant stress that was caused by CCl4 administration into rats.

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