Acute toxicity of an insecticidal little containing ivermectin and fipronil for white mice

Toxicological assessment is a mandatory research step in the development of new insecticidal drugs. At the All-Russian Research Institute of Veterinary Entomology and Arachnology, a prototype of the insecticidal bait Mukhnet IF was obtained with an active ingredient content of 0.06% ivermectin and 0.015% fipronil, which showed a highly effective effect against houseflies. This work presents the results of the study of acute oral toxicity of the above agent. For this, male white mice with a live weight of 16-26 g were selected. They were kept on a starvation diet for one day in individual houses with water. The drug was given in mg/kg body weight the next day. A total of 33 doses have been tested, ranging from 100 mg/kg to 40,000 mg/kg. The animals were observed for 14 days. According to the research results, it was revealed that at doses up to 20,000 mg/kg there were no signs of intoxication, but when tested at 25,000 mg/kg in some mice, these signs were noted, and at 30,000, 35,000 and 40,000 mg/kg deaths were recorded 20±10, 45±30 and 60±20%, respectively. It was not possible to test the drug over the last above dose due to incomplete eaten by mice. According to the degree of danger for warm-blooded animals, the drug belongs to the 4th class of low-hazard drugs (average lethal dose of 5000 mg/kg or more) in accordance with the classification of GOST 12.1.007-76. When analyzing the literature data on the toxicological characteristics of preparations containing ivermectin and chlorfenapyr, it was revealed that the insecticidal agent in its acute toxicity for warm-blooded animals is comparable to known analogues.

Statistical analysis of distribution, dynamics and etiological structure of bovine diseases in Vologda region

Statistical data of livestock for 30 years is reflected in the article. Author used the materials of the state veterinary reporting. A comparative analysis of the number, incidence and death rate of adult animals and young cattle for two five-year periods (2001-2005 and 2014-2018). the data of the analysis of veterinary statistical reports for 2018 on the specific weight of the large horned cattle and age dynamics of calves in farms of the Vologda region are shown. A significant decrease in livestock of the large horned cattle by 56.3% (from 1990 to 2018) is shown in the analysis of the data. Over the five years 2014-2018, there was a decrease in the number of the large horned cattle by 31.3%, the birth rate of calves - by 26.2%, and the incidence of calves - by 12.3% and the mortality rate decreased by 3.3%. Despite the decline in the number of livestock, in 2018 there is a high incidence of animal diseases (49.6%). The highest incidence rate was observed among calves under 10 days of age 43.3%, 31.7% - from 11 to 30 days, 15.8% - from one to three months, 6.5% - from three to six months and 2.7% - from 6 to 12 months. Of the total number of sick calves in 2018, 63.2% had gastrointestinal diseases, and death for this reason is 49.6% of the total number of victims. Respiratory diseases affect 21.8% of young animals, and death due to respiratory diseases is 18.2%. Analysis of statistical data showed that, despite the complex of veterinary and sanitary measures, the incidence and death of calves remain at a high level. This can be explained by delayed diagnosis and low therapeutic effectiveness in gastrointestinal and respiratory diseases of cattle.

Insecticidal bait development for control of Musca Domestica L.

The control of houseflies (Musca domestica L.) in veterinary surveillance premises is an important measure for the welfare of animals against infectious and invasive diseases. For this purpose, the most effective chemical insecticides are used. To prevent possible resistance to them, bait insecticides with two active binary ingredients from different chemical classes are used. The work was carried out in the laboratory of the Tyumen Scientific Center and in the production conditions of ZAO Pyshminskaya Poultry Farm. This material presents the main stages in the development of a prototype of the insecticidal bait Mukhnet AX containing two insecticides: 1.5% acetamiprid and 6% chlorfenapir. For this purpose, adults of houseflies Musca domestica L. 3-5 days old were used. Under laboratory conditions, effective rational doses of the above insecticides were determined by group feeding, feeding and by the method of assessing food insecticidal baits when fighting flies from 0.00002 to 4% concentrations. According to the results of laboratory studies, it was found that the optimal doses causing 100% death of insects were 0.5% for acetamiprid and 2% for chlorfenapir. The insecticidal efficiency of the developed bait Mukhnet AH against flies in production conditions on the first day after the treatment of the livestock building was 91.25%. The insecticidal effect of the measures taken lasted for at least 6 days. The restoration of the number to the previous level of the number of insects occurred after 10 days. Based on the results obtained, the Method of using the composition of an insecticidal bait agent in the fight against Musca domestica was proposed and patented.

BLV early diagnosis - key to successful farm recovery

The aim of the research is to use the early diagnosis of cattle leukemia virus-infected animals using serological and molecular genetic methods, as well as to determine the significance of PCR in detecting BLV infected calves. The studies were carried out in the leukemia laboratory of the department for monitoring and forecasting of infectious diseases of the Ural Federal Agrarian Research Center, at the department of infectious and invasive pathology of the Belgorod State Agrarian University named after V.Ya. Gorin, as well as in 20 livestock agricultural enterprises of the Tyumen, Chelyabinsk, Kurgan, Belgorod regions and the Republic of Bashkortostan. The studies were carried out in the framework of the 160th direction of the FNI Program of State Academies of Sciences for 20132020 on the topic «Development of theoretical foundations for the creation and implementation of a monitoring, diagnostic, treatment and wellness program for the protection of animals from epizootically significant infectious diseases» The system of anti-leukemic health measures using complex serological and hematological testing helps to reduce the number of RID+ animals and hematologically sick individuals for a 6-month period by 32.0% and 6.28%, respectively. The use of the polymerase chain reaction method contributes to the detection of an additional 18 to 39% of calves from 15 days of age, infected with the virus of bovine leukemia, in dysfunctional leukemia livestock enterprises. In a PCR study of cows, 29% to 54% of individuals infected with BLV can be detected. This indicates the need for consistent use of serological studies and the importance of molecular genetic tests for the detection of BLV infected calves.

Spleen arterial vascularization in fur-bearing animals in cages

The spleen is an unpaired parenchymal organ located in the abdominal cavity, performing immunological, filtration and hematopoietic functions and, in connection with the listed functional features, plays an essential role in the organism. Authors obtained detailed information on the arterial vascularization of the spleen of fur-bearing animals of Carnivora, since the information available in the special literature on the morphological aspects of the blood supply of the named organ is fragmentary. A comprehensive study of the spleen was carried out, which made it possible to confirm the general morphological patterns, to reveal the characteristic specific and intraspecific features of the vascularization of the spleen in fur-bearing animals in cages. The new data obtained on the morphology of the vessels vascularizing the spleen are original and give a complete picture of the organ. Analyzing the material obtained from own research, and comparing it with information from special literature, allows to assert that the blood supply to the spleen in fur-bearing animals of cellular content (silver-black fox, blue fox, sable and American mink) is carried out through the splenic artery, which also gives off branches to the stomach, pancreas and great omentum. If in the methods of branching of the splenic artery in the studied animals we note a great similarity, then in the number of branches branching from it there are significant differences. As a result of the study, it was found that the spleen is vascularized by the splenic artery extending from the celiac artery.

New anthelmintic preparation Unifascide and its efficacy in treatment of fascioliasis in sheep

Sheep fascioliasis occurs with an extent of invasion in the range of 23-38% with an intensity of invasion of 1-48 specimens per animal in the regions of the North Caucasus. The most infested places with trematodes were pastures (84.0% of contaminated soil samples), and small pastures near natural water bodies (73.5% of contaminated soil samples), forest-shrub forb pastures located along the continuation of wind-sheltered forest belts (60.0% of soil samples). Researchers have found that the least contaminated with Fasciola hepatica eggs are herb meadow pastures (35.0% of soil samples) and cultivated pastures made from a mixture of Sudanese grass and clover (12.0% of contaminated soil samples). In samples per 1 g of soil, eggs of trematodes were found on average 113.2±6.0 specimens, that is, 2.4 times more than in feces (on average, 47.3±3.4 specimens per 1 g feces), which indicates the accumulation of viable eggs in biotopes. In this regard, the development of new complex anthelmintic preparation for the treatment and prevention of fascioliasis in sheep remains an urgent task. The authors' research consisted in testing a new complex anthelmintic drug Unifascide for sheep fascioliasis. Experimental tests of the Unifascide preparation for fascioliasis of sheep were carried out on 30 heads using the group method. Experimental and control animals (n = 30) weighing 32-36 kg were divided into 3 groups according to the principle of analogs, 10 animals per a group. Due to the results the degree of extension efficiency was 90.0 and intensity efficiency was 92.5%. The preparation is recommended for implementation in the practice of therapeutic and prophylactic deworming for chronic fascioliasis of sheep.

Influence of the Amyrasol R-Z mineral lick briquette on biochemical parameters of blood in dairy cowsInfluence of the Amyrasol R-Z mineral lick briquette on biochemical parameters of blood in dairy cow

The data obtained as a result of the use of a mineral lick briquette Amirasol R-Z in the diets of dairy cows are analyzed in the article. Authors studied the influence of the mineral lick briquette Amirasol R-Z on the biochemical parameters and milk productivity of dairy cows. The experiments were carried out on dairy cows of the red steppe breed in the conditions of the plain zone of the Republic of Dagestan. Two groups of dairy cows were formed (10 heads in each). According to the scheme of the experiment, the control group received a basic diet, the experimental group received the basic diet and the mineral lick briquette Amirasol R-Z. Each cow of the experimental group was given individually one lick briquette in a dose of 4 kg during 90 days. Researches and data processing were carried out according to generally accepted methods. Blood was taken from the experimental animals from the jugular vein for laboratory studies at the end of the experiment. The milk productivity and fat content of milk were taken into account by carrying out monthly control milk yields. At the same time, the positive effect of a lick briquette on the biochemical parameters of blood has been proven: reserve alkalinity, glucose, macro- and microelements, the activity of the copper-containing enzyme ceruloplasmin and milk productivity. A significant increase in the blood of glucose concentration by 12.93% in the cows of the experimental group, the level of reserve alkalinity by 17.66%, the concentration of macroelements and microelements, milk productivity by 5.7%, milk fat by 2.77% compared with the control group. The use of the mineral lick briquette Amirasol R-Z in the diets of dairy cows helps to prevent macro- and microelementoses, increase milk productivity, milk fat content, nonspecific immunity and obtain of healthy calves.

To question of dystocia distribution and etiology in black sea bottlenose dolphins female

Pregnancy is the most important period in the life of cetaceans, including those kept in captivity, associated with the growth and development of the fetus. The timely diagnosis of pregnancy, establishment of its exact term, features of the course and the prevention of the onset of dystocia - difficult childbirth caused by the presence of abnormalities in the fetus or mother - are becoming more and more urgent. The most common cause of difficult labor is obstruction of the labor act due to fetal abnormalities with large fetuses or incorrect presentation. Difficulty in labor due to maternal pathology may result from the presence of a too narrow pelvis in the female, weak contraction of the uterine muscles, or insufficient dilatation of the cervix during childbirth. The authors studied the distribution and etiological factors of the onset of dystocia in female Black Sea bottlenose dolphins. One of the main indicators of good conditions for keeping wild animals, including dolphins, is the production of offspring, since stress and unsatisfactory conditions of keeping, feeding, etc. negatively affect the reproductive ability. Studies to clarify the causes of difficult childbirth in female Black Sea bottlenose dolphins showed that in the anamnesis 51-60% of females previously recorded and treated intestinal dysbiosis caused by increased gastric acidity or abnormal liver function due to damage to its cells during toxicosis. Research data have shown that microorganisms in the distal intestine of wild bottlenose dolphins are represented mainly by the same species that are found in other animals and humans. The largest numbers in feces were non-hemolytic bacteria from the E. coli group, lactic acid bacteria and clostridia. In captivity, including pregnant bottlenose dolphins, coliform bacteria, as well as staphylococci, clostridia, bifidobacteria, lactic acid bacteria, streptococci were detected in the rectum. The authors found that the possible reasons for the development of dysbiosis in pregnant Black Sea bottlenose dolphins females include increased stomach acidity, the development of toxicosis or the appearance of diseases leading to liver dysfunction.

Hygiene of microbiota of broiler chickens with introduction of sorbent additive based on tripoli

Currently, mycotoxicosis and losses of poultry farming from non-communicable diseases are not a solved problem. The microflora of the gastrointestinal tract of broiler chickens, under the influence of the feed components, undergoes a qualitative change throughout the entire period of poultry growing. Authors in dynamics carried out studies to study the qualitative and quantitative composition of the microbiota of broiler chickens and its response to the impact of the feed additive «MeKaSorb». Introduction of various sorbent additives into the diet, including those based on tripoli, improves detoxification processes, regulates mineral, enzyme, hormonal and vitamin metabolism in the body of poultry. Ensuring maximum hygiene of the broiler microbiota allows to reduce the toxic load on the body of young poultry, ensure high safety of the livestock and get the maximum amount of products. Improving the sanitary quality and safety of food, as well as the prevention of diseases in poultry and humans is the most important task that must be addressed by the chief specialists at poultry farms. It has been established that the introduction of a patented additive-sorbent of mycotoxins based on tripoli «MeKaSorb» ensures the hygiene of the microbiota of broiler chickens, stimulates the growth and development of lacto- and bifidoflora, reduces the number of aerobic microorganisms and inhibits the reproduction and colonization of the gastrointestinal tract by bacteria of the intestinal group. Feed additive «MeKaSorb» is recommended for use in compound feeds for preventive purposes when growing poultry.

Distribution and main biological properties of Pseudomonas Aeruginosa isolates in pig farms of Krasnodar region

Bacteria of the genus Pseudomonas aeruginosa are widespread microorganisms in pig breeding enterprises of the region, and due to virulent factors and pathogenic properties, in the etiological aspect, it poses a significant threat to the body of various sex and age groups of pigs. In the form of a monoculture, Pseudomonas aeruginosa was isolated in 14.7% of cases, in association with other microorganisms - in 85.2%, and the highest proportion of Pseudomonas aeruginosa was manifested in association with Escherichia coli (47.8%), microorganisms that cause the clinic of gastrointestinal diseases in piglets during suckling and weaning periods. A feature of the epizootic manifestation of pseudomonosis in pigs in the conditions of industrial pig breeding is enzootic outbreaks. In 79.9% of cases, growth is accompanied by the formation of a water-soluble pigment of the phenotazine series pyocyanin on selective nutrient media in isolate colonies, in 80-83 % of cases, on MPA with 5 % defibrinated blood, Pseudomonas aeruginosa colonies cause hemolysis zones. Biochemical activity of P. aeruginosa cultures showed low-expressed biochemical properties, they assimilated glucose and arabinose, galactose to the formation of acid, decomposed urea, had proteolytic properties, liquefied gelatin and peptonized milk for 72 hours, showed phosphatous activity, did not form indole and H2S, cultures producing exotoxin A, with intraperitoneal infection of laboratory animals show maximum toxigenic properties. Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates exhibit plasma-coagulating and agesive activity. The obtained results of studying the main biological properties of P. aeruginosa isolates can be used for diagnostic studies and anti-epizootic measures in the region.