scholarly journals Growth Screening and Urban Deprivation

1995 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 140-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
E White ◽  
A Wilson ◽  
S A Greene ◽  
W Berry ◽  
C McCowan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Short Stature ◽  
Social Deprivation ◽  
Standard Deviation Score ◽  
Primary School Children ◽  
British Society ◽  
Health Clinic ◽  
Height Standard Deviation Score ◽  
Deviation Score ◽  
Urban Deprivation

Objectives — To assess the effect of urban deprivation on childhood growth in a modern British society by analysing data from a regional growth survey, the Tayside growth study. Setting — The Tayside Region in Scotland, which has three districts with distinct socioeconomic status: Dundee (D, urban city), Angus (A, rural), and Perth (P, rural and county town). Subjects and methods — Height and weight of 23 046 children (>90% of the regional childhood population) were measured as part of a child health surveillance programme, by community health care workers at 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, and 14 years. Height standard deviation score (calculated against Tanner) and body mass index (BMI-weight (kg)/height (m)2) were calculated for each child by a central computer program; mean height standard deviation score and BMI standard deviation score were calculated for each measuring centre (school, health clinic). A deprivation score for each centre was calculated from the prevalence of single parent families; families with more than three children; unemployment rate; the number of social class V individuals; the percentage of council houses. Results — Mean height standard deviation score for Tayside was 0·11. An intra-regional difference was demonstrated: mean height standard deviation score (SD) D = 0·04 (1·0); A = 0·14 (1·1); P = 0·21 (1·1); P<0·002. There was a positive association between short stature and increasing social deprivation seen throughout Tayside (P<0·05), with a strong association in Dundee primary school children (r = 0·6; P<0·001). Analysis by district showed that the association was significant only above the age of 8 (P<0·004). There was no relation between BMI and social deprivation. Conclusions — In an industrialised developed society, urban deprivation appears to influence height mostly in late childhood, and this association should be taken into consideration in the clinical management of short stature. Height seems to be a better physical indicator of urban deprivation, and hence an index of childhood health, than BMI.

The Frequency of Bleeding and Height of Adolescent Haemophiliacs

1979 ◽  
Vol 41 (02) ◽  
pp. 286-290 ◽  
Author(s):  
J L Bem ◽  
M J Painter ◽  
A Aronstam ◽  
J H Patrick ◽  
R E Newcombe
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Standard Deviation Score ◽  
Height Standard Deviation Score ◽  
Deviation Score

SummaryThe relation between the height of adolescent haemophiliacs and their bleeding frequency has been studied. 45 haemophiliacs aged 10-19 years were divided into 3 groups: small, medium and tall, using a Height Standard Deviation Score. The average bleeding frequency per 100 days in the group of small haemophiliacs was 8.71 ± SD 4.47, in the medium height group 10.18 ± SD 6.71, while the tall individuals bled in average 15.97 ± SD 3.15 every 100 days. There was no relationship between age and bleeding frequency.

Development and validation of a mobile application for point of care evaluation of growth failure

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Riddhi V. Patel ◽  
Anurag T. Bajpai ◽  
Hemangkumar V. Mendpara ◽  
Chetankumar C. Dave ◽  
Sajili S. Mehta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Short Stature ◽  
Clinical Diagnosis ◽  
Mobile Application ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
Standard Deviation Score ◽  
Operating Characteristics ◽  
Deviation Score ◽  
Work Up ◽  
Care Evaluation

Abstract Objectives Lack of systematic evaluation of short stature results in unnecessary work-up on one hand while missing pathology on the other. We have developed a mobile application that guides work-up based on age, auxology (height, BMI, and corrected standard deviation score), and skeletal maturation with an aim of reducing the diagnostic errors. Aim of this study is to develop and validate a mobile application for point of care evaluation of short stature. Methods The application was developed (n=400) and validated (n=412) on children and adolescents (2–18 years of age) presenting to our Pediatric Endocrinology Clinic with short stature. Height standard deviation score thresholds determining the need for workup were derived from Receiver Operating Characteristics (ROC) curve. Student’s t-test and ROC curves were used to identify the most appropriate parameter differentiating constitutional delay of growth and puberty (CDGP) from pathological and nutritional from endocrine causes. The validation of the application involved comparing the application predicted and clinical diagnosis at each step of the algorithm. Results The mobile application diagnosis was concordant with clinical diagnosis in 408 (99.0%) with discordance in four (two with CDGP labeled as growth hormone deficiency [GHD] and two with GHD labeled as CDGP). Conclusions Mobile application guided short stature assessment has a high concordance with the clinical diagnosis and is expected to help point of care short stature evaluation.

scholarly journals Idiopathic short stature

2013 ◽  
Vol 141 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 256-261 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jovan Vlaski ◽  
Dragan Katanic ◽  
Jadranka Jovanovic-Privrodski ◽  
Ivana Kavecan ◽  
Ivana Vorgucin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Short Stature ◽  
Standard Deviation Score ◽  
The Body ◽  
Idiopathic Short Stature ◽  
Hormone Deficiency ◽  
Growth Monitoring ◽  
Social Suffering ◽  
Deviation Score

Growth is a complex process and the basic characteristic of child- hood growth monitoring provides insight into the physiological and pathological events in the body. Statistically, the short stature means departure from the values of height for age and sex (in a particular environment), which is below -2 standard deviation score, or less than -2 standard deviation, i.e. below the third percentile. Advances in molecular genetics have contributed to the improvement of diagnostics in endocrinology. Analysis of patients? genotypes should not be performed before taking a classical history, detailed clinical examination and appropriate tests. In patients with idiopathic short stature specific causes are excluded, such as growth hormone deficiency, Turner syndrome, short stature due to low birth weight, intrauterine growth retardation, small for gestational age, dysmorphology syndromes and chronic childhood diseases. The exclusion of abovementioned conditions leaves a large number of children with short stature whose etiology includes patients with genetic short stature or familial short stature and those who are low in relation to genetic potential, and who could also have some unrecognized endocrine defect. Idiopathic short stature represents a short stature of unknown cause of heterogeneous etiology, and is characterized by a normal response of growth hormone during stimulation tests (>10 ng/ml or 20 mJ/l), without other disorders, of normal body mass and length at birth. In idiopathic short stature standard deviation score rates <-2.25 (-2 to -3) or <1.2 percentile. These are also criteria for the initiation of growth hormone therapy. In children with short stature there is also the presence of psychological and social suffering. Goals of treatment with growth hormone involve achieving normal height and normal growth rate during childhood.

GROWTH-PROMOTING THERAPIES MAY BE USEFUL IN SHORT STATURE PATIENTS WITH NONSPECIFIC SKELETAL ABNORMALITIES CAUSED BY ACAN HETEROZYGOUS MUTATIONS: SIX CHINESE CASES AND LITERATURE REVIEW

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (11) ◽  
pp. 1255-1268
Author(s):  
Hanting Liang ◽  
Hui Miao ◽  
Hui Pan ◽  
Hongbo Yang ◽  
Fengying Gong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Growth Hormone Deficiency ◽  
Short Stature ◽  
Standard Deviation Score ◽  
Hormone Deficiency ◽  
Novel Mutations ◽  
Deviation Score ◽  
Growth Promoting

Objective: There are numerous reasons for short stature, including mutations in osteochondral development genes. ACAN, one such osteochondral development gene in which heterozygous mutations can cause short stature, has attracted attention from researchers in recent years. Therefore, we analyzed six cases of short stature with heterozygous ACAN mutations and performed a literature review. Methods: Clinical information and blood samples from 6 probands and their family members were collected after consent forms were signed. Gene mutations in the probands were detected by whole-exome sequencing. Then, we searched the literature, performed statistical analyses, and summarized the characteristics of all reported cases. Results: We identified six novel mutations in ACAN: c.1411C>T, c.1817C>A, c.1762C>T, c.2266G>C, c.7469G>A, and c.1733-1G>A. In the literature, more than 200 affected individuals have been diagnosed genetically with a similar condition (height standard deviation score [SDS] −3.14 ± 1.15). Among affected individuals receiving growth-promoting treatment, their height before and after treatment was SDS −2.92 ± 1.07 versus SDS −2.14 ± 1.23 ( P<.001). As of July 1, 2019, a total of 57 heterozygous ACAN mutations causing nonsyndromic short stature had been reported, including the six novel mutations found in our study. Approximately half of these mutations can lead to protein truncation. Conclusion: This study used clinical and genetic means to examine the relationship between the ACAN gene and short stature. To some extent, clear diagnosis is difficult, since most of these affected individuals’ characteristics are not prominent. Growth-promoting therapies may be beneficial for increasing the height of affected patients. Abbreviations: AI = aromatase inhibitor; ECM = extracellular matrix; GnRHa = gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogue; IQR = interquartile range; MIM = Mendelian Inheritance in Man; PGHD = partial growth hormone deficiency; rhGH = recombinant human growth hormone; SDS = standard deviation score; SGA = small for gestational age; SGHD = severe growth hormone deficiency

Tall stature

2011 ◽  
pp. 1107-1112
Author(s):  
Primus E. Mullis
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Short Stature ◽  
Standard Deviation Score ◽  
Tall Stature ◽  
Deviation Score ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Growth Abnormality

The term tall stature simply means that the child’s height is above the 97th percentile (corresponding to a standard deviation score (SDS) of +1.88). It says nothing about the underlying cause and is not itself a growth abnormality; indeed, most children with tall stature are normal. Although as many children have heights greater than 2 SD above the mean as have heights greater than 2 SD below the mean, tall stature in childhood usually generates less anxiety than shortness and, therefore, referral for tall stature is less common than it is for short stature.

scholarly journals Is a Combination of a GnRH Agonist and Recombinant Growth Hormone an Effective Treatment to Increase the Final Adult Height of Girls with Precocious or Early Puberty?

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Song ◽  
Fei Zhao ◽  
Shuang Liang ◽  
Guimei Li ◽  
Jiang Xue
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Adult Height ◽  
Combined Therapy ◽  
Standard Deviation Score ◽  
Height Standard Deviation Score ◽  
Early Puberty ◽  
Deviation Score ◽  
Final Adult Height ◽  
Rhgh Treatment

The aim of treatment for idiopathic central precocious puberty (ICPP) is to increase final adult stature, for which gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist (GnRHa) is the gold standard. Early puberty is frequently similar to ICPP, with pubertal onset only slightly advanced. Short stature may result from early pubertal onset. Some studies have suggested that recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) should be combined with a GnRHa to improve adult height, while others have not. Here, the aim was to compare the efficacy of combined GnRHa and rhGH treatment with GnRHa or rhGH treatment alone, or no therapy, for the improvement of the final height of girls with ICPP or early puberty. Electronic databases of randomized and quasi-randomized controlled trials, in which the efficacy of GnRHa preparations was compared with that of rhGH for the treatment of children with precocious or early puberty, were searched and a meta-analysis conducted. Five studies of early puberty and four studies of ICPP were identified. There were no statistically significant differences between final adult height standard deviation score and initial height standard deviation score in the treatment of early puberty (GnRHa and rhGH versus rhGH alone or no treatment). The overall analysis of the data failed to indicate any benefit of combined therapy, while individual reports suggested that in specific instances combined therapy may be beneficial in preserving or reclaiming growth potential and improving adult height.

Growth response to growth hormone (GH) treatment in children with GH deficiency (GHD) and those with idiopathic short stature (ISS) based on their pretreatment insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGFI) levels and at diagnosis and IGFI increment on treatment

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashraf Soliman ◽  
Alan D. Rogol ◽  
Sohair Elsiddig ◽  
Ahmed Khalil ◽  
Nada Alaaraj ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Growth Factor ◽  
Short Stature ◽  
Linear Growth ◽  
Standard Deviation Score ◽  
Idiopathic Short Stature ◽  
Insulin Like Growth Factor ◽  
Gh Therapy ◽  
Deviation Score

Abstract Objectives Some idiopathic short stature (ISS) patients may have varying degrees of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGFI) deficiency. Others with growth hormone deficiency (GHD) (peak GH < 7 ng/dL after provocation) have normal IGFI levels. Do children with ISS or those with GHD with variable pretreatment IGFI standard deviation score (IGFISDS) have different IGFI and growth responses to recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) therapy? Methods We studied the effect of GH therapy (0.035–0.06 mg/kg/day) on linear growth and weight gain per day (WGPD) in children with ISS (n=13) and those with GHD (n=10) who have low pretreatment IGFISDS (IGF SDS < −1.5) and compared them with age-matched prepubertal children with ISS (n=10) and GHD (n=17) who had normal pretreatment IGFISDS. An untreated group of children with ISS (n=12) served as a control group. Results At presentation, the height standard deviation score (HtSDS) of children with ISS who had low pretreatment IGFISDS was significantly lower compared to the normal IGFI group. The age, body mass index (BMI), BMISDS, peak GH response to clonidine provocation and bone age did not differ between the two study groups. After 1 year of treatment with rhGH (0.035–0.06 mg/kg/day) IGFISDS increased significantly in both groups (p<0.05). Both had significantly increased HtSDS (catch-up growth). The increase in the HtSDS and WGPD were significantly greater in the lower pretreatment IGFISDS group. The IGFSDS, BMISDS, HtSDS and difference between HtSDS and mid-parental HtSDS were significantly greater in the rhGH treated groups vs. the not treated group. In the GHD groups (normal and low IGFISDS), after 1 year of GH therapy (0.03–0.05 mg/kg/day), the HtSDS increased significantly in both, (p<0.01). The WGPD and increment in BMI were significantly greater in children who had low pretreatment IGFISDS. There was a significant increase in the IGFSDS in the two treated groups (p<0.05), however, the WGPD was greater in the pretreatment low IGFISDS. Conclusions IGFI deficiency represents a low anabolic state. Correction of IGFI level (through rhGH and/or improved nutrition) in short children (ISS and GHD) was associated with increased linear growth and WGPD denoting significant effect on bone growth and muscle protein accretion.

Normal growth in the short normal prepubertal child: the Wessex Growth Study

1998 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 127-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
L D Voss ◽  
J Mulligan
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Standard Deviation Score ◽  
Normal Growth ◽  
Normal Velocity ◽  
Height Standard Deviation Score ◽  
Normal Children ◽  
Velocity Change ◽  
Prepubertal Children ◽  
Deviation Score ◽  
Rate Of Growth

Objective The study aimed at defining the normal rate of growth for short, prepubertal children, and comparing their pattern of growth with those of average stature. Setting Community based. Design Observation of an unselected population of 109 very short, normal prepubertal children (<3rd height centile) and 107 controls matched for age and sex (10th to 90th centile). Main outcome measuresHeight, velocity, change in height standard deviation score, from 6 to 9 years of age. Results The absolute mean rate of growth was significantly different between groups—short normal 5.3 cm/year, controls 5.9 cm/year—corresponding to velocities on the 25th and 50th centiles, respectively. The relative growth rates, however, as shown by the changes in height standard deviation score (short normal 0.10 (SD 0.22), controls 0.10 (SD 0.24) did not differ, and each group remained close to its original 3rd and 50th centiles. Two short children showed “catch up” growth after adoption, but, otherwise, the divergence from their original height centile was the same for short normal and control children. No social or biological factors were found to predict growth rate in the short normal children, and only target height in controls. “Normal” velocity is conditional on height. Short normal children do grow more slowly than children of average stature, but they do not necessarily grow more poorly. From 6 to 9 years of age they are no more likely to fall off their height centiles than children of average stature. The value of height monitoring at this age is questioned.

scholarly journals Effect of Growth Hormone Therapy in Patients with Noonan Syndrome: A Retrospective Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Louise Jayne Apperley ◽  
Renuka Ramakrishnan ◽  
Poonam Dharmaraj ◽  
Urmi Das ◽  
Mohammed Didi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Hormone Therapy ◽  
Noonan Syndrome ◽  
Growth Hormone Treatment ◽  
Growth Hormone Therapy ◽  
Standard Deviation Score ◽  
Hormone Treatment ◽  
Height Standard Deviation Score ◽  
Deviation Score

Background: Noonan syndrome is an autosomal dominant condition with an incidence of 1:1000 to 1:2500. The disorder is associated with distinct dysmorphic features, cardiac anomalies, developmental delay and delayed puberty. Short stature is a recognised feature of Noonan syndrome. Objectives: The aim of this study is to assess the effect of growth hormone treatment in patients with Noonan syndrome. Methods: Retrospective data was collected from patients with Noonan syndrome treated with growth hormone. The results were analysed with variables expressed as mean values and standard deviation scores. Results: Twelve Noonan syndrome patients (M: F = 10:2) treated with growth hormone were identified. The mean age of starting growth hormone was 8 years, with baseline height standard deviation score of -2.96 (range: -1.64 to -5.54). The height standard deviation score significantly improved to -2.50 (P = 0.0035) and then -2.22 (P = 0.0025), following one and two years of treatment, respectively. The average height velocity for the patients prior to starting treatment was 5.16cm/year (range: 2.4 - 8.2 cm/year), which significantly improved to 7.76cm/year (ranging from 4.1 to 12.8 cm/year) after one year of growth hormone treatment (P = 0.020) and to 6.51cm/year at the end of two years. Conclusions: Our study has shown that growth hormone treatment significantly improves the height standard deviation score of patients with Noonan syndrome over a two-year course of growth hormone therapy without any side effects. Further research is required to analyse the long-term effect of growth hormone therapy in patients with Noonan syndrome, including the impact on final adult height.

Bedingungen für den Erfolg übergewichtiger und adipöser Kinder in einem ambulanten Programm zur Gewichtsreduktion durch Veränderungen des Lebensstils

2010 ◽  
Vol 38 (5) ◽  
pp. 351-360 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wilfried Pott ◽  
Georg Fröhlich ◽  
Özgür Albayrak ◽  
Johannes Hebebrand ◽  
Ursula Pauli-Pott
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Standard Deviation Score ◽  
Psychische Belastung ◽  
Deviation Score ◽  
Höheres Alter

Fragestellung: Es wurde der Frage nachgegangen, ob sich erfolgreiche Teilnehmer eines ambulanten familienzentrierten Gewichtskontrollprogramms durch spezifische familiäre und psychologische Charakteristiken auszeichnen. Einbezogen wurden die psychosoziale Risikobelastung der Familie, Depressivität und Bindungsstil der Hauptbezugsperson, der Body mass index (BMI) und der BMI-Standardabweichungswert («Standard deviation score», SDS) des teilnehmenden Kindes und der Familienmitglieder sowie die individuelle psychische Belastung des teilnehmenden Kindes. Methodik: Die Daten wurden per Interview und Fragebogen vor dem Behandlungsbeginn erhoben. Von 136 in das Programm aufgenommenen übergewichtigen und adipösen Kindern zwischen 7 und 15 Jahren beendeten 116 das 12-monatige Interventionsprogramm. Von diesen zeigten 100 (85,3 %) eine Reduktion des BMI-SDS und 79 (68.1 %) eine mehr als 5 %ige Reduktion des BMI-SDS. Diese «erfolgreichen» Kinder wurden mit 56 «nicht erfolgreichen» (Abbrecher und Kinder mit einer 5 %igen oder geringeren Reduktion des BMI-SDS) verglichen. Ergebnisse: Nicht erfolgreiche Kinder unterschieden sich von den erfolgreichen durch ein höheres Alter, eine höhere psychosoziale Risikobelastung, Depressivität und einen vermeidenden Bindungsstil der Mutter sowie durch das Vorhandensein adipöser Geschwister. In einer logistischen Regressionsanalyse zeigten sich mütterliche Depressivität und das Vorhandensein adipöser Geschwister als beste und voneinander unabhängige Prädiktoren. Schlussfolgerungen: Um die spezifischen Bedürfnisse der Familien zu erfüllen und einen Misserfolg zu verhindern, sollten zusätzliche Programmbausteine zur spezifischen Unterstützung von Jugendlichen mit adipösen Geschwistern und Müttern mit Depressionen und vermeidenden Bindungsstil entwickelt werden. Die Wirksamkeit dieser Module muss dann in weiteren Studien überprüft werden.

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