Ethical conflicts and the process of reflection in undergraduate nursing students in Brazil

2014 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 428-439 ◽  
Author(s):  
Flávia Regina Souza Ramos ◽  
Laura Cavalcanti de Farias Brehmer ◽  
Mara Ambrosina Vargas ◽  
Ana Paula Trombetta ◽  
Luciana Ramos Silveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Nursing Students ◽  
Professional Training ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Ethical Problems ◽  
Clinical Placements ◽  
Principal Axes ◽  
Ethical Conflicts ◽  
Decision Making Processes

Background: Nursing students on clinical placements as part of their professional training are routinely faced with situations involving ethical conflicts. The initial act of perceiving a situation as causing an ethical dilemma is the result of both the students’ personal values, drawn from their culture and families, and of the professional knowledge and values that they have acquired through training and experience. Objectives: Nursing students’ experiences on clinical placements in primary care settings were investigated in order to identify situations that they perceived as involving ethical conflict and describe the elements they took into consideration during their decision-making processes in these situations. Methods: The research design was qualitative descriptive case study. Around 50 students from three different intakes to a nursing degree answered a questionnaire and discussed it in focus groups. Ethical considerations: The study was designed in accordance with the principles guiding research with human beings and was approved by the Human Research Ethics Committee. Results: Synthesised into two principal axes: (a) ethical conflicts in primary care, linked with the domains of working processes, professional nursing ethics and human and social rights and (b) students’ decision-making processes – realisation, reflection and intervention. Conclusion: The student nurses saw themselves both as actors and spectators in situations involving ethical problems and demanding moral deliberation, demonstrating the ability to base their arguments soundly. They tended to emphasise the possibilities offered by dialogue and that different ethical values must be respected to find fair solutions to ethical problems.

Decision-Making Processes of Patients Who Use the Emergency Department for Primary Care Needs

2013 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 1288-1305 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric K. Shaw ◽  
Jenna Howard ◽  
Elizabeth C. Clark ◽  
Rebecca S. Etz ◽  
Rajiv Arya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Emergency Department ◽  
Care Needs ◽  
Decision Making Processes

scholarly journals From idealistic rookies to a regional leader: The history of health technology assessment in Poland

2009 ◽  
Vol 25 (S1) ◽  
pp. 156-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafał Niżankowski ◽  
Norbert Wilk
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Health Technology Assessment ◽  
Technology Assessment ◽  
Health Technology ◽  
The Public ◽  
History Of ◽  
Decision Making Processes ◽  
Public Payer

In 1989, Poland started to slowly release itself not only from the burden of a half-century of communist indoctrination and soviet exploitation, but also from the consequences of the Semashko model of healthcare organization: low doctors' salaries, primary care based on multispecialty groups, overdeveloped hospital infrastructure, and limited access to sophisticated interventions overcome by patients' unofficial payments.A few years after the 1998 workshop on health technology assessment (HTA) in Budapest, the first HTA reports were elaborated in the National Center for Quality Assessment in Health Care, which could mark the beginning of HTA in Poland. Several individuals and organizations have been involved in developing HTA, both from noncommercial and commercial standpoints.A goal to establish a national HTA agency appeared among the priorities of the Polish Ministry of Health in 2004 and was realized a year later. The Agency for HTA in Poland published guidelines on HTA and established a sound and transparent two-step (assessment-appraisal) process for preparing recommendations on public financing of both drugs and nondrug technologies. The recommendations of the Agency's Consultative Council were warmly welcomed by the public payer. However, the recent major restructuring of the Agency and new drug reimbursement decisions aroused doubts as to keeping transparency of the decision-making processes.

scholarly journals Every Adolescent Deserves a Parent

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dale Margolin Cecka
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Foster Care ◽  
Child Welfare ◽  
Young Person ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Foster Child ◽  
Foster Care System ◽  
The Past ◽  
Child Welfare Professionals ◽  
Decision Making Processes

This article argues that all adolescents, indeed all human beings, deserve at least one parent�one person who takes the good with the bad because that person�s life is intertwined with the child�s. The child matters to the parent in a way that a friend, nephew, or foster child may not. Child welfare professionals must never lose sight of this principle when they recruit, train, and maintain parents for adolescents. The parent can be someone who is already in the young person�s life or someone who has been unable to parent in the past, but is now ready to secure that bond. True parents are attainable for teenagers in foster care as long as child welfare professionals remember what they are looking for and are steadfast and creative in their efforts to find and nurture these relationships. Section Two of this article details the issues that adolescents face when they age out 5 of the foster care system. Next, Section Three discusses the obstacles adolescents face in attaining familial permanency. Section Four examines the aspects of successful adoptions, including the recruitment and decision making processes, in an effort to apply those principals to developing and maintaining adolescent permanency. Finally, Section Five concludes with the keys to successful adolescent permanency.

Korean Nursing Students' Experience of Ethical Problems and Use of Ethical Decision-Making Models

2001 ◽  
Vol 31 (5) ◽  
pp. 846 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sung Suk Han ◽  
Hyeoun Ae Park ◽  
Sung Hee Ahn ◽  
Miriam E Cameron ◽  
Hyo Sook Oh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Nursing Students ◽  
Ethical Decision ◽  
Ethical Decision Making ◽  
Ethical Problems ◽  
Decision Making Models

Implementation of an Intelligent Model for Decision Making Based on CBR for Supply Chain Solution in Retail for a Cluster of Supermarkets

2019 ◽  
pp. 381-397
Author(s):  
Adrian F. Loera-Castro ◽  
Jaime Sanchez ◽  
Jorge Restrepo ◽  
Angel Fabián Campoya Morales ◽  
Julian I. Aguilar-Duque
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Supply Chain ◽  
Intelligent Systems ◽  
Case Based Reasoning ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Human Decision ◽  
Decision Making Processes ◽  
A Chain ◽  
The Times ◽  
Intelligent Model

The latter includes customizing the user interface, as well as the way the system retrieves and processes cases afterward. The resulting cases may be shown to the user in different ways, and/or the retrieved cases may be adapted. This chapter is about an intelligent model for decision making based on case-based reasoning to solve the existing problem in the planning of distribution in the supply chain between a distribution center and a chain of supermarkets. First, the authors mentioned the need for intelligent systems in the decision-making processes, where they are necessary due to the limitations associated with conventional human decision-making processes. Among them, human experience is very scarce, and humans get tired of the burden of physical or mental work. In addition, human beings forget the crucial details of a problem, and many of the times are inconsistent in their daily decisions.

Situation awareness and the decision‐making processes of final‐year nursing students

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (21-22) ◽  
pp. 3923-3934
Author(s):  
Marion Tower ◽  
Bernadette Watson ◽  
Alison Bourke ◽  
Emma Tyers ◽  
Anne Tin
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Nursing Students ◽  
Situation Awareness ◽  
Decision Making Processes

Nursing Students’ Experience of Ethical Problems and Use of Ethical Decision-Making Models

2001 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 432-447 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miriam E Cameron ◽  
Marjorie Schaffer ◽  
Hyeoun-Ae Park
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Nursing Students ◽  
Baccalaureate Nursing ◽  
Ethics Education ◽  
Ethical Decision ◽  
Ethical Decision Making ◽  
Ethical Problem ◽  
Baccalaureate Nursing Students ◽  
Ethical Problems ◽  
Decision Making Model

Using a conceptual framework and method combining ethical enquiry and phenomenology, we asked 73 senior baccalaureate nursing students to answer two questions: (1) What is nursing students’ experience of an ethical problem involving nursing practice? and (2) What is nursing students’ experience of using an ethical decision-making model? Each student described one ethical problem, from which emerged five content categories, the largest being that involving health professionals (44%). The basic nature of the ethical problems consisted of the nursing students’ experience of conflict, resolution and rationale; 85% of the students stated that using an ethical decision-making model was helpful. Although additional research is needed, these findings have important implications for nursing ethics education and practice.

scholarly journals Gender Inequality and Land Rights: The Situation of Indigenous Women in Cameroon

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
pp. 1-33
Author(s):  
Esther Effundem Njieassam
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Indigenous Peoples ◽  
Indigenous Communities ◽  
Indigenous Women ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Economic Class ◽  
The World ◽  
Decision Making Processes ◽  
Essential Resource ◽  
Gender Based

Land is an essential resource that serves as a means of subsistence for millions of people in the world and indigenous communities and women in particular. Most indigenous societies' survival is closely tied to land. In Cameroon, indigenous women are the backbone of food production in their communities. That makes access to land important, as it is a significant source of wealth and power for indigenous peoples in general and indigenous women in particular. While women all over the world encounter gender-based discrimination in relation to the control and ownership of land, indigenous women face triple discrimination on the basis of their gender (as women), their ethnicity (as indigenous peoples) and their economic class (economically poor). They are often dehumanised, degraded and subjected to treatment as second-class human beings despite the existence of national legislation that discourages such practices. This paper interrogates the possibility of including indigenous women in government and decision-making processes in Cameroon in the hope that they may be involved in key decision-making processes that affect them, thereby reducing their economic and social vulnerability. It concludes with some thoughtful recommendations on policy reform aimed at ensuring access to land for indigenous women as well as socio-economic justice in its broadest sense.    

Implementation of an Intelligent Model for Decision Making Based on CBR for Supply Chain Solution in Retail for a Cluster of Supermarkets

2021 ◽  
pp. 1224-1240
Author(s):  
Adrian F. Loera-Castro ◽  
Jaime Sanchez ◽  
Jorge Restrepo ◽  
Angel Fabián Campoya Morales ◽  
Julian I. Aguilar-Duque
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Supply Chain ◽  
Intelligent Systems ◽  
Case Based Reasoning ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Human Decision ◽  
Decision Making Processes ◽  
A Chain ◽  
The Times ◽  
Intelligent Model

The latter includes customizing the user interface, as well as the way the system retrieves and processes cases afterward. The resulting cases may be shown to the user in different ways, and/or the retrieved cases may be adapted. This chapter is about an intelligent model for decision making based on case-based reasoning to solve the existing problem in the planning of distribution in the supply chain between a distribution center and a chain of supermarkets. First, the authors mentioned the need for intelligent systems in the decision-making processes, where they are necessary due to the limitations associated with conventional human decision-making processes. Among them, human experience is very scarce, and humans get tired of the burden of physical or mental work. In addition, human beings forget the crucial details of a problem, and many of the times are inconsistent in their daily decisions.

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