A grounded theory of humanistic nursing in acute care work environments

2016 ◽  
Vol 24 (8) ◽  
pp. 908-921 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mojgan Khademi ◽  
Eesa Mohammadi ◽  
Zohreh Vanaki
Keyword(s):  
Grounded Theory ◽  
Acute Care ◽  
Outcome Measurement ◽  
Essential Elements ◽  
Professional Values ◽  
Teaching Hospitals ◽  
Main Concern ◽  
Technological Advancement ◽  
Positive Interaction ◽  
Classic Grounded Theory

Background: Humanistic nursing practice which is dominated by technological advancement, outcome measurement, reduced resources, and staff shortages is challenging in the present work environment. Objective: To examine the main concern in humanistic nursing area and how the way it is solved and resolved by Iranian nurses in acute care setting. Research design: Data were collected from interviews and observations in 2009–2011 and analyzed using classic grounded theory. Memos were written during the analysis, and they were sorted once theoretical saturation occurred. Participants and research context: In total, 22 nurses, 18 patients, and 12 families from two teaching hospitals in Tehran were selected by purposeful and theoretical sampling. Ethical considerations: The research was approved by the Ethics Committee of the university and hospitals. Results: The main concern for the nurses is the violation of their rights. They overcome this concern when there is a synergy of situation–education/learning, that is, a positive interaction between education and learning of values and sensitivity of the situation or existence of care promotion elements. They turn to professional values and seeking and meeting others’ needs, resulting in “success and accomplishment” of nurse/nursing manager and patient/family. Conclusion: This theory shows that professional values, elements of care promotion, and sensitivity of the situation have a key role in activation of humanistic approach in nursing. Violation of the nurses’ professional rights often leads to a decrease in care, but these factors make the nurses practice in an unsparing response approach. It is necessary to focus on development of professional values and provide essential elements of care promotion as changeable factors for realization of humanistic nursing although there is a context in which the nurses’ rights are violated.

scholarly journals Constructing Stability – A Classic Grounded Theory Of Next-Of-Kin In Palliative Cancer Care

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carina Werkander Harstade ◽  
Anna Sandgren
Keyword(s):  
Palliative Care ◽  
Grounded Theory ◽  
Cancer Care ◽  
Extended Family ◽  
Main Concern ◽  
Next Of Kin ◽  
Classic Grounded Theory ◽  
Personal Finances ◽  
Keywords Cancer ◽  
Palliative Phase

Abstract Background: Being next-of-kin to someone with cancer requiring palliative care involves a complex life situation. Changes in roles and relationships might occur and the next-of-kin thereby try to adapt by being involved in the ill person’s experiences and care even though they can feel unprepared for the care they are expected to provide. Therefore, the aim of this study was to develop a classic grounded theory of next-of-kin in palliative cancer care. Method: Forty-two next-of-kin to persons with cancer in palliative phase or persons who had died from cancer were interviewed. Theoretical sampling was used during data collection. The data was analysed using classic Grounded Theory methodology to conceptualize patterns of human behaviour. Results: Constructing stability emerged as the pattern of behaviour through which next-of-kin deal with their main concern; struggling with helplessness . This helplessness includes an involuntary waiting for the inevitable. The waiting causes sadness and frustration, which in turn increases the helplessness. The theory involves; Shielding, Acknowledging the reality, Going all in, Putting up boundaries, Asking for help, and Planning for the inescapable . These strategies can be used separately or simultaneously and they can also overlap each other. There are several conditions that may impact the theory Constructing stability , which strategies are used, and what the outcomes might be. Some conditions that emerged in this theory are time, personal finances, attitudes from extended family and friends and availability of healthcare resources. Conclusions: The theory shows the complexities of being next-of-kin to someone receiving palliative care, while striving to construct stability. This theory can increase healthcare professionals’ awareness of how next-of-kin struggle with helplessness and thus generates insight into how to support them in this struggle. Keywords cancer, constructing stability, grounded theory, next-of-kin, palliative care

scholarly journals Constructing Stability – A Classic Grounded Theory of Next-of-Kin in Palliative Cancer Care

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carina Werkander Harstade ◽  
Anna Sandgren
Keyword(s):  
Palliative Care ◽  
Grounded Theory ◽  
Cancer Care ◽  
Extended Family ◽  
Main Concern ◽  
Next Of Kin ◽  
Classic Grounded Theory ◽  
Personal Finances ◽  
Theoretical Sampling ◽  
Palliative Phase

Abstract Background: Being next-of-kin to someone with cancer requiring palliative care involves a complex life situation. Changes in roles and relationships might occur and the next-of-kin thereby try to adapt by being involved in the ill person’s experiences and care even though they can feel unprepared for the care they are expected to provide. Therefore, the aim of this study was to develop a classic grounded theory of next-of-kin in palliative cancer care. Method: Forty-two next-of-kin to persons with cancer in palliative phase or persons who had died from cancer were interviewed. Theoretical sampling was used during data collection. The data was analysed using classic Grounded Theory methodology to conceptualize patterns of human behaviour. Results: Constructing stability emerged as the pattern of behaviour through which next-of-kin deal with their main concern; struggling with helplessness. This helplessness includes an involuntary waiting for the inevitable. The waiting causes sadness and frustration, which in turn increases the helplessness. The theory involves; Shielding, Acknowledging the reality, Going all in, Putting up boundaries, Asking for help, and Planning for the inescapable. These strategies can be used separately or simultaneously and they can also overlap each other. There are several conditions that may impact the theory Constructing stability, which strategies are used, and what the outcomes might be. Some conditions that emerged in this theory are time, personal finances, attitudes from extended family and friends and availability of healthcare resources. Conclusions: The theory shows the complexities of being next-of-kin to someone receiving palliative care, while striving to construct stability. This theory can increase healthcare professionals’ awareness of how next-of-kin struggle with helplessness and thus generates insight into how to support them in this struggle.

Cultivating Recognition

2017 ◽  
pp. 193-259
Author(s):  
Titus Tossy ◽  
Irwin T.J. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Grounded Theory ◽  
Research Methodology ◽  
Main Concern ◽  
The Core ◽  
Grounded Theory Research ◽  
Classic Grounded Theory ◽  
Learning Programs ◽  
E Learning ◽  
Theory Research ◽  
Core Variable

The E-learning provision in East Africa including Tanzania, Kenya and Uganda is rapid gaining its way. E-learning providers are all groups tasked with e-learning activities including design, delivery, implementation and others. The e-learning providers are surrounded by issues and challenges (main concerns). The purposed of this study was to identify and examine the main concern amongst e-learning providers in East Africa (Tanzania, Kenya and Uganda). In this study the Classic Grounded Theory Research Methodology was used in order to identify the main concern of e-learning providers. In the course of repeated encounters with e-learning providers, this study found the concept of Cultivating Recognition to emerge as the main concern or core variable amongst these e-learning providers. The core variable within the Classic Grounded Theory research methodology is the main entity that accounts for most of the variation in the data. The core variable of the theory, the basic social psychological process of Cultivating Recognition is characterized by Legitimizing and Credentializing. The process of legitimizing involves convincing the e-learning stakeholders that the e-learning programs and projects will be delivered in a timely, valid and sustainable manner. Legitimizing process is achieved through Collaborating (reciprocal and asymmetric), Referral Networking and Strategic alliancing. Credentializing aims to enhance the stakeholders' belief in the e-learning providers' competence prior to the provision of the e-learning programs and projects. While Credentializing is achieved through Endorsementizing, Result Orienting and Prioritizing Duties, Result Orienting itself is achieved through Visualizing, Professionalizing, Focalizing and Role Delineating. This study will help e-learning providers and other groups to cultivate recognition and pave a way for their success in implementation of e-learning.

scholarly journals Constructing Stability – A Classic Grounded Theory Of Next-Of-Kin In Palliative Cancer Care

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carina Werkander Harstade ◽  
Anna Sandgren
Keyword(s):  
Palliative Care ◽  
Grounded Theory ◽  
Cancer Care ◽  
Extended Family ◽  
Main Concern ◽  
Next Of Kin ◽  
Classic Grounded Theory ◽  
Personal Finances ◽  
Keywords Cancer ◽  
Palliative Phase

Abstract Background: Being next-of-kin to someone with cancer requiring palliative care involves a complex life situation. Changes in roles and relationships might occur and the next-of-kin thereby try to adapt by being involved in the ill person’s experiences and care even though they can feel unprepared for the care they are expected to provide. Therefore, the aim of this study was to develop a classic Grounded Theory of next-of-kin in palliative cancer care. Method: Forty-two next-of-kin to persons with cancer in palliative phase or persons who had died from cancer were interviewed. Theoretical sampling was used during data collection. The data was analysed using classic Grounded Theory methodology to conceptualize patterns of human behaviour. Results: Constructing stability emerged as the pattern of behaviour through which next-of-kin deal with their main concern; struggling with helplessness. This helplessness includes an involuntary waiting for the inevitable. The waiting causes sadness and frustration, which in turn increases the helplessness. The theory involves; Shielding, Acknowledging the reality, Going all in, Putting up boundaries, Asking for help, and Planning for the inescapable. These strategies can be used separately or simultaneously and they can also overlap each other. There are several conditions that may impact the theory Constructing stability, which strategies are used, and what the outcomes might be. Some conditions that emerged in this theory are time, personal finances, attitudes from extended family and friends and availability of healthcare resources. Conclusions: The theory shows the complexities of being next-of-kin to someone receiving palliative care, while striving to construct stability. This theory can increase healthcare professionals’ awareness of how next-of-kin struggle with helplessness and thus generates insight into how to support them in this struggle. Keywords cancer, constructing stability, grounded theory, next-of-kin, palliative care

Managing Digital Identities: A Grounded Theory of Mental Health Professionals’ Participation in Online Social Networking

2021 ◽  
pp. 104438942110144
Author(s):  
Kara S. Lopez ◽  
Susan P. Robbins
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Grounded Theory ◽  
Social Networking ◽  
Mental Health Professionals ◽  
Health Professionals ◽  
Social Process ◽  
Main Concern ◽  
Research Interviews ◽  
Glaserian Grounded Theory ◽  
Digital Identities

Despite the meteoric rise of social media, little is known about how clinical social workers and other mental health professionals respond to this new form of communication. This study used classic (Glaserian) grounded theory methodology to explore the experiences and concerns of mental health professionals on social networking websites such as Facebook, Twitter, and LinkedIn. The main concern that emerged out of research interviews with 26 mental health professionals was a loss of control over others’ perceptions and the loss of ability to compartmentalize the different parts of identities associated with personal and professional selves. Participants resolved these concerns through the author-identified basic social process of “managing digital identities.” This study highlights practice implications for professionals as they manage online identity.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Stewardship in Acute-Care Hospitals: A Report of the California Healthcare-Associated Infections Honor Roll

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (S1) ◽  
pp. s32-s32
Author(s):  
Jane Kriengkauykiat ◽  
Erin Epson ◽  
Erin Garcia ◽  
Kiya Komaiko
Keyword(s):  
Acute Care ◽  
Antimicrobial Stewardship ◽  
Open Enrollment ◽  
Acute Care Hospitals ◽  
Teaching Hospitals ◽  
Healthcare Associated Infection ◽  
Community Hospitals ◽  
Honor Roll ◽  
Core Elements ◽  
Healthcare Associated

Background: Antimicrobial stewardship has been demonstrated to improve patient outcomes and reduce unwanted consequences, such as antimicrobial resistance and Clostridioides difficile infection. The California Department of Public Health (CDPH) Healthcare-Associated Infection (HAI) Program developed an honor roll to recognize facilities with the goal of promoting antimicrobial stewardship programs and encouraging collaboration and research. Methods: The first open enrollment period in California was from August 1 to September 1, 2020, and was only open to acute-care hospitals (ACHs). Enrollment occurs every 6 months. Applicants completed an application and provided supporting documentation for bronze, silver, or gold designations. The criteria for the bronze designation were at least 1 item from each of CDC’s 7 core elements for ACHs. The criteria for silver were bronze criteria plus 9 HAI program prioritized items (based on published literature) from the CDC Core Elements and demonstration of outcomes from an intervention. The criteria for gold designation were silver criteria plus community engagement (ie, local work or collaboration with healthcare partners). Applications were evaluated in 3 phases: (1) CDPH reviewed core elements and documentation, (2) CDPH and external blinded antimicrobial stewardship experts reviewed outcomes as scientific abstracts, and (3) CDPH reviewed each program for overall effectiveness in antimicrobial stewardship and final designation determination. Designations expire after 2 years. Results: In total, 119 applications were submitted (30% of all ACHs in California), of which 100 were complete and thus were included for review. Moverover, 33 facilities were from northern California and 67 were from southern California. Also, 85 facilities were part of a health system or network, 14 were freestanding, and 1 was a district facility. Facility types included 68 community hospitals, 17 long-term acute-care (LTAC) facilities, 17 academic or teaching hospitals, 4 critical-access hospitals, and 4 pediatric hospitals. There was an even distribution of hospital bed size: 35 facilities had <250 beds. The final designations included 19 gold, 35 silver and 43 bronze designations. There was 44% incongruency in applicants not receiving the designation for which they applied. Community hospitals were 63%–74% of all designations, and no LTACs received a gold designation. Moreover, 63% of hospitals with gold designations had >250 beds, and 47% of hospitals with bronze designations had <1 25 beds. Conclusions: The number of applicants was higher than expected because the open enrollment period occurred during the COVID-19 pandemic. This finding demonstrates the high importance placed on antimicrobial stewardship among ACHs. It also provides insight into how facilities are performing and collaborating and how CDPH can support facilities to improve their ASP.Funding: NoDisclosures: None

scholarly journals GROUNDED THEORY METHODOLOGY IN THE CONTEXT OF SOCIAL INNOVATIONS FOR RURAL DEVELOPMENT RESEARCH

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rasa PRANSKŪNIENĖ
Keyword(s):  
Grounded Theory ◽  
Rural Development ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Main Concern ◽  
Development Research ◽  
Grounded Theory Methodology ◽  
Research Participants ◽  
Social Innovations ◽  
The World

Although the Grounded Theory (GT) methodology has been developed for over 50 years and is one of the most popular methodologies in the world, it is not often used in rural development research. In order to update the possibilities of applying GT in rural development research, this article is based on the analysis of scientific literature and presents the evolution of the development of GT methodology and the possibilities of its application in rural development research. The classic GT strategy is discussed in more detail, as methodology which provides the possibility to researcher to look at the phenomenon from inside without formulating the hypothesis, i.e., to “emerge” the theory, which reveals the main concern and explains how it is resolved, by conceptualizing the authentic experiences of research participants. The article aims to explain that classic GT is a “full package” approach, discusses its coding process; reveales the principles of the emerging classic GT. The GT methodology is discussed as the paradigm that can help researchers discover new insights and develop new theories, explaining the processes of social innovations for rural development.

scholarly journals Protecting Family Interests: An Interview Study with Foreign-Born Parents Struggling On in Childhood Cancer Care

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pernilla Pergert ◽  
Solvig Ekblad ◽  
Olle Björk ◽  
Karin Enskär ◽  
Tom Andrews
Keyword(s):  
Childhood Cancer ◽  
Cancer Care ◽  
Main Concern ◽  
Theory Approach ◽  
Foreign Born ◽  
Healthcare Staff ◽  
Holistic View ◽  
Classic Grounded Theory ◽  
The Common ◽  
Grounded Theory Approach

Sweden's population is gradually changing to become more multiethnic and diverse and that applies also for recipients of health care, including childhood cancer care. A holistic view on the sick child in the context of its family has always been a cornerstone in childhood cancer care in Sweden. The purpose of this study was to gain knowledge about the experiences and main concern of foreign-born parents in the context of paediatric cancer care. Interviews were performed with eleven foreign-born parents and data were analysed using a classic grounded theory approach. Foreign-born parents often feel in a position of powerless dependence, but family interests are protected in their approaches to interaction with healthcare staff, through cooperation, contesting, and reluctant resigning. Healthcare staff need to listen to foreign-born parents and deal with their concerns seriously to prevent powerless-dependence and work for trustful cooperation in the common fight against childhood cancer.

Mainstreaming and Cooperative Learning Strategies

1986 ◽  
Vol 52 (6) ◽  
pp. 530-561 ◽  
Author(s):  
David W. Johnson ◽  
Roger T. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Cooperative Learning ◽  
Learning Strategies ◽  
Instructional Strategy ◽  
Learning Experiences ◽  
Essential Elements ◽  
Student Interaction ◽  
Free Time ◽  
Positive Relationships ◽  
Positive Interaction ◽  
Instructional Situations

There are three ways in which student-student interaction may be organized for mainstreaming. Of the three, cooperation is the only instructional strategy congruent with the goals of mainstreaming. The essential elements of cooperation learning and the specific actions teachers need to take to implement it are presented in this article. When cooperative learning is implemented effectively, positive relationships between handicapped and nonhandicapped students result. Far more positive interaction between handicapped and nonhandicapped students within instructional situations and during free-time, as well as increased friendships, result from cooperative learning experiences.

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