When the Home Becomes a Prison: living with a severely disabled child

1999 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 137-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Berit Støre Brinchmann
Keyword(s):  
Ethical Decision ◽  
Ethical Decision Making ◽  
Comparative Method ◽  
Descriptive Study ◽  
Neonatal Unit ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Field Observations ◽  
Ethical Decisions ◽  
Constant Comparative Method ◽  
Depth Interviews

The aim of this study was to generate knowledge about how parents who have been part of an ethical decision-making process concerning a son or daughter in a neonatal unit experience life with a severely disabled child. A descriptive study design was chosen using 30 hours of field observations and seven in-depth interviews, carried out over a period of five months with parents who had been faced with ethical decisions concerning their own children in a neonatal unit. Strauss and Glaser’s constant comparative method was used for the analysis. The findings seem to indicate that these parents have an extremely tough life. Their relationships with their children are somewhat ambivalent. The children are very dependent on their parents, who in some ways both love and hate them. Too little rest and sleep and feeding the children are the most serious problems. The parents require respite facilities. The home can seem like a prison, from which it is impossible to escape. It is like having a baby who never grows up.

‘They have to Show that they can Make it’: Vitality as a Criterion for the Prognosis of Premature Infants

2000 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 141-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Berit Støre Brinchmann
Keyword(s):  
Premature Infants ◽  
Ethical Decision ◽  
Ethical Decision Making ◽  
Comparative Method ◽  
Field Observations ◽  
Life And Death ◽  
Premature Babies ◽  
Decision Making Processes ◽  
Nurses And Physicians ◽  
Depth Interviews

In this article, the vitality of premature infants will be described and discussed. Vitality was one of the main factors in a grounded theory study in which the aim was to generate knowledge concerning the ethical decision-making processes with which nurses and physicians are faced in a neonatal unit. Which assessments underlie decisions about whether to start, continue or stop medical treatment of very sick premature babies? A descriptive study design, including 120 hours of field observations and 22 qualitative in-depth interviews with doctors and nurses, was chosen. Strauss and Glaser’s comparative method was used to analyse the field observations and interviews. The findings indicate that life-and-death decisions are somewhat ambivalent; experience does not always make them easier. In situations of ambiguity, decisions also seem to be based upon the vitality of the babies concerned.

Ethical Decisions and Gender Differences of European Hospitality Students

2007 ◽  
Vol 7 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 230-241 ◽  
Author(s):  
LaChelle R. Wilborn ◽  
Robert A. Brymer ◽  
Ray Schmidgall
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Ethical Decision ◽  
Ethical Decision Making ◽  
Business Management ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Ethical Behaviour ◽  
Hospitality Students ◽  
Ethical Decisions ◽  
And Gender

The purpose of this paper is to assess the sources influencing an ethical decision-making process of European hospitality students. Ten scenarios were used (1) to indicate whether the action posed was ‘ethical’, ‘unethical’, or ‘not a question of ethics’ and (2) to indicate what they would do if they were in this situation. We found that of the nearly 400 European hospitality students, 54 per cent females and 46 per cent males, both genders indicated that parents, close friends, and business management courses influenced their ethical beliefs the most. Additionally, we found that responses were significantly different for only one of the ten scenarios with regards to gender. The action responses to the proposed scenarios were, however, statistically significant for five scenarios; four of these five were business scenarios. Female European hospitality students were more likely to engage in ethical behaviour and are generally less tolerant of questionable practices than their male peers.

Negotiated ethical responsibility: Bruneian nurses’ ethical concerns in nursing practice

2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 1992-2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yusrita Zolkefli
Keyword(s):  
Ethical Decision ◽  
Nursing Practice ◽  
Ethical Decision Making ◽  
Comparative Method ◽  
Ethical Dimension ◽  
Ethical Concerns ◽  
Constant Comparative Method ◽  
University Of Edinburgh ◽  
Professional Nurses ◽  
The University

Background: There has been wide interest shown in the manner in which ethical dimensions in nursing practice are approached and addressed. As a result, a number of ethical decision-making models have been developed to tackle these problems. However, this study argued that the ethical dimensions of nursing practice are still not clearly understood and responded to in Brunei. Research aim: To explore how Bruneian nurses define ethical concerns they meet in everyday practice in the medical surgical wards of three Brunei hospitals. Research design: A qualitative study was employed. Interviews were conducted with 28 practising and administrative nurses of three hospitals. Interview data were analysed via a constant comparative method. Ethical consideration: The study’s protocol was reviewed and approved by the Ethical Committee of the School of Health in Social Science at the University of Edinburgh and the Medical Health Research Ethics Committee of the Ministry of Health, Brunei. Findings: The nurses described three ethical dimensions in their practice, namely: ‘nurse at work‘ which illustrates the ethical dimensions within the work environment; ‘nurse and doctor’ which elucidates the ethical dimensions in the nurse and doctor relationship; and ‘nurse and patient’ which further examines ethical aspects in patient care. Nurses responded to the ethical dimensions in the ward setting with the aim of avoiding the conflict and maintaining ward harmony. Discussion: The data provide new insights into how nurses respond to ethical dimension in the ward settings where it puts strong emphasis on the nurses’ understanding of responsibility placed upon them as professional nurses. Conclusion: With these findings, it is recommended that further support is needed for nurses to be aware of the ethical dimension in their practice and to respond to ethical concerns accordingly.

Regret and Disappointment: A Conceptualization of their Role in Ethical Decision-making

2007 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 75-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Priya Rajeev ◽  
Sanghamitra Bhattacharyya
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Negative Affect ◽  
Ethical Decision ◽  
Ethical Decision Making ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Individual Choice ◽  
Ethical Decisions ◽  
Managerial Decisions ◽  
Work Done

Workplaces provide settings for the manifestation of an assortment of emotions that impact managerial decisions, ethical or otherwise, in a variety of ways. Most of the research work in this domain has concentrated on identifying and analysing the influence of positive affect on decision-making, with little work done on negative affect and its implications. To address this gap, the paper seeks to study the role of negative affect in ethical decision-making by managers. All decisions have outcomes. Post-decision affect may be negative when a decision appears to be wrong in retrospect, and ⁄ or when the outcome of a decision is not what was expected. How does negative affect experienced by an individual as a consequence of a decision impact his⁄her potential ethical decision-making process? In order to develop a model that illustrates how negative affect might impact the components of an individual's ethical decision-making process, this paper makes use of two negative emotions: Regret Dissappointment. Although regret and disappointment have a lot in common, they differ in ways that are relevant to decision-making. Unlike other emotions, regret is unique in its relation to decisionmaking and responsibility. Individuals regret an outcome when they could have taken a different decision and prevented that outcome. Being an outcome of individual choice and hence personal agency, its behavioural consequences comprise an active attempt to undo the unpleasant effects of the decision that went wrong. Disappointment on the contrary is experienced when the negative outcome is the result of a random procedure rather than choice. The behavioural consequences of disappointment might include complaining and talking about the event to others, feelings of powerlessness and a tendency to do nothing and get away from the situation. The paper discusses the possible behavioural consequences of the two emotions in terms of ethical decision-making. As numerous ethical decision-making models have succeeded in integrating personspecific, issue contingent, and organizational contributors to ethical decisions, the need now is to probe further into specific causalities. Understanding affect induced by work is important to gain further insights into the person-specific variables that impact ethical decisions. This paper is an attempt in that direction.

The Experience of Occupational Disruption among Student Musicians

2007 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 140-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shannon McCready ◽  
Denise Reid
Keyword(s):  
Health Care Providers ◽  
Sense Of Belonging ◽  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Comparative Method ◽  
Theory Approach ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Constant Comparative Method ◽  
Grounded Theory Approach ◽  
Depth Interviews ◽  
Major Occupation

Student musicians frequently need to take breaks from playing their instruments because of physical playing-related injuries, yet little is known about their experiences with these occupational disruptions. We conducted a qualitative study that explored student musicians' lived experiences with unplanned disruptions stemming from engagement in their major occupation of playing an instrument. In-depth interviews with seven student musicians who attended either a special arts high school or a university were conducted. Consistent with a grounded theory approach to qualitative research, the constant comparative method of qualitative data analysis was implemented. A major finding related to the theme of “being and becoming,” where student musicians expressed a strong sense of belonging to a group of other like musicians who they learned from, relied on for support, and created music with. Another theme was motivation to excel, where students expressed a strong desire and motivation to improve and master their instrument. Occupational tensions and pressures emerged as another theme. Students were aware of the need to practice and the need to care for their bodies. A constant negotiation was required in which students struggled to find a good balance between the need to practice and to respect their bodies while maintaining an identity of a musician. These findings are discussed in relation to how health care providers and educators need to understand the demands and stresses associated with playing an instrument so that they can better support these young musicians.

scholarly journals A Deeper Look at Autonomous Vehicle Ethics: An Integrative Ethical Decision-Making Framework to Explain Moral Pluralism

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jimin Rhim ◽  
Ji-Hyun Lee ◽  
Mo Chen ◽  
Angelica Lim
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Moral Reasoning ◽  
Moral Philosophy ◽  
Ethical Decision ◽  
Ethical Decision Making ◽  
Autonomous Vehicle ◽  
Moral Dilemma ◽  
Individual Factors ◽  
Ethical Decisions ◽  
Ethical Behavioral Intentions

The autonomous vehicle (AV) is one of the first commercialized AI-embedded robots to make autonomous decisions. Despite technological advancements, unavoidable AV accidents that result in life-and-death consequences cannot be completely eliminated. The emerging social concern of how an AV should make ethical decisions during unavoidable accidents is referred to as the moral dilemma of AV, which has promoted heated discussions among various stakeholders. However, there are research gaps in explainable AV ethical decision-making processes that predict how AVs’ moral behaviors are made that are acceptable from the AV users’ perspectives. This study addresses the key question: What factors affect ethical behavioral intentions in the AV moral dilemma? To answer this question, this study draws theories from multidisciplinary research fields to propose the “Integrative ethical decision-making framework for the AV moral dilemma.” The framework includes four interdependent ethical decision-making stages: AV moral dilemma issue framing, intuitive moral reasoning, rational moral reasoning, and ethical behavioral intention making. Further, the framework includes variables (e.g., perceived moral intensity, individual factors, and personal moral philosophies) that influence the ethical decision-making process. For instance, the framework explains that AV users from Eastern cultures will tend to endorse a situationist ethics position (high idealism and high relativism), which views that ethical decisions are relative to context, compared to AV users from Western cultures. This proposition is derived from the link between individual factors and personal moral philosophy. Moreover, the framework proposes a dual-process theory, which explains that both intuitive and rational moral reasoning are integral processes of ethical decision-making during the AV moral dilemma. Further, this framework describes that ethical behavioral intentions that lead to decisions in the AV moral dilemma are not fixed, but are based on how an individual perceives the seriousness of the situation, which is shaped by their personal moral philosophy. This framework provides a step-by-step explanation of how pluralistic ethical decision-making occurs, reducing the abstractness of AV moral reasoning processes.

scholarly journals PERAN GENDER DAN PENALARAN MORAL DALAM PENGAMBILAN KEPUTUSAN ETIS DI BIDANG MANAJEMEN DAN IMPLIKASINYA: STUDI KASUS PADA ORGANISASI NIRLABA

2005 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Djuwari . ◽  
Tatik Suryani
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Moral Reasoning ◽  
Ethical Decision ◽  
Ethical Decision Making ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Moral Integrity ◽  
Moral Value ◽  
Non Profit ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Unethical Decision Making

How to make ethical decision making is very important in many aspect managerial process, because its implication can impact many other activities. Research found that many unethical behavior in business process is caused by unethical decision making. The recent research indicates that gender has important role in decision making process. The research is aimed to examine the effects of gender in decision making process in management. Beside it, the research also wants to examine the influence of moral reasoning to ethical decision making. Research involved 105 respondent from many non profit organizations located in East Java. By using t-test, the result reveals that there is significant difference between women and man in decision making. Women more ethical in decision making than men, in some aspect. Women more commit to autonomy, equality, win-win principle and moral integrity. By using simple regression analysis, the result indicates that moral reasoning influences significantly to ethical decision making. This research support the previously research that is conducted by Glover (2002) which the culture setting similarly with this research. The result can't be separated by the Indonesia cultural that expect women more ethical, obedience and respect to moral value.

Engagement valence duality and spillover effects in online brand communities

2017 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 877-897 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jana Lay-Hwa Bowden ◽  
Jodie Conduit ◽  
Linda D. Hollebeek ◽  
Vilma Luoma-aho ◽  
Birgit Apenes Solem
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Method ◽  
Spillover Effect ◽  
Spillover Effects ◽  
Consumer Engagement ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Brand Communities ◽  
Brand Engagement ◽  
Online Brand Communities ◽  
Constant Comparative Method ◽  
Depth Interviews

Purpose Online brand communities (OBCs) are an effective avenue for brands to engage consumers. While engaging with the brand, consumers simultaneously interact with other OBC members; thus engaging with multiple, interrelated engagement objects concurrently. The purpose of this paper is to explore both positively and negatively valenced consumer engagement with multiple engagement objects, the interplay between these, and the spillover effect from consumers’ engagement with the OBC to their engagement with the brand. Design/methodology/approach Drawing on 16 in-depth interviews with OBC members of a luxury accessory brand, a constant comparative method was adopted using axial and selective coding procedures. The objective was to understand the nature of participants’ engagement with the brand, the OBC, and the interplay between individuals’ engagement with these objects. The coding framework and resultant interpretive frameworks address engagement valence, outcomes, and direction. Findings This study illustrates consumer expressions of consumers’ positively and negatively valenced engagement with a focal brand, and with the OBC. Further, it demonstrates the interplay (spillover effect) that occurs between consumers’ engagement with the OBC, to their engagement with the brand. While the existence of positively valenced engagement with the OBC was found to further enhance consumer brand engagement (i.e. reflecting an engagement accumulation effect), negatively valenced engagement with the OBC was found to reduce consumer brand engagement (i.e. reflecting an engagement detraction effect). Originality/value While consumer engagement has been recognized to have both positive and negative manifestations, this study demonstrates that consumers’ engagement valence may differ across interrelated engagement objects (i.e. the brand and the OBC). Further, we demonstrate the existence of engagement spillover effects from the OBC to the brand for both positively and negatively valenced engagement.

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