Role of Domestic NGOs in Policy Transfer and Policy Diffusion: Case Study of PO 2002 in Pakistan

2021 ◽  
pp. 097152312098732
Author(s):  
Huma Siddiqi
Keyword(s):  
Expert Knowledge ◽  
Policy Diffusion ◽  
Policy Transfer ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Police Reform ◽  
Implementation Phase ◽  
Future Policy ◽  
Critical Policy

Pakistan is a fragile democracy repeatedly facing problems in the design and implementation of police reforms. The scholarship on public policy highlights the role of non-state actors like NGOs in improving policies, especially through policy transfer and diffusion. In 2002, Pakistan designed a police reform, PO 2002, through collaborative methods, and implemented it nationwide for a short time. Using process tracing within case study and interviews with key informants, this article evaluates the role of domestic NGOs in the design, implementation and change of PO 2002, with special focus on policy transfer and policy diffusion. The evidence collected showed that in 2000, the nascent NGOs lacked expert knowledge to make any contribution to policy transfer. Later, their absence from the implementation phase and faulty methods blinded them from unveiling the critical policy lessons and impeded their ability to play any credible role in future policy diffusion.

scholarly journals MEDIA REPORTING AND COMMUNICATION IN CRISIS SITUATIONS: A CASE STUDY OF A REFUGEE CRISIS IN B&H

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 73-85
Author(s):  
Suada A. Dzogovic ◽  
◽  
Vehbi Miftari ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Bosnia And Herzegovina ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Self Identity ◽  
South Eastern Europe ◽  
Communication Challenges ◽  
The Media ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Migration Crisis

The topic of this article presents communication challenges and the role of the media in constructing an image of migrants and refugees as “the others” in our societies today. The article analyses the migrant situation in South-Eastern Europe, specifically in migration crisis in Bosnia and Herzegovina that has been going on since 2018. The aim is to present the basic aspects of this issue and offer answers to key questions - who are migrants and refugees, what’s their own identity, from which countries do they come, how do they cross the border, where do they go, what is the state’s attitude towards them, what forms and channels of communication the state and other stakeholders use toward them, who cares for them, what do they preserve from their national, cultural and/or language identities and how do they construct self-identity and confront with the “hosting identities”, who donates funds for migration management and how they are managed? Also, a special focus of the research will be on the human rights of migrants and refugees in Bosnia and Herzegovina, which is the subject of various discussions - both within the country itself and among various humanitarian, governmental and non-governmental international organizations in the EU and beyond.

Continuous improvement in a university – the first steps: a reflective case study

2018 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 260-277 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seamus O’Reilly ◽  
Joe Healy ◽  
Rónán O’Dubhghaill
Keyword(s):  
Reflective Practice ◽  
Continuous Improvement ◽  
Lean Six Sigma ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Implementation Phase ◽  
Participative Approach ◽  
Tools And Techniques ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose Using Lean Six Sigma (LSS) implementation literature as an organising framework, the purpose of this paper is to explore the initial steps in a continuous improvement (CI) journey taken by an Irish university in order to identify the motivations, highlight key challenges and considers the capabilities required to initiate and sustain a CI programme. Design/methodology/approach This study focusses on one case organisation. A participative approach is adopted to learn from the initial steps taken in the establishment of a CI programme. Given this approach, the researchers had access to all documents and related archives associated with this initiative. Hence an iterative learning approach is adopted with the analysis of data from the first 12-month plan informing the next planning and implementation phase. Findings This paper provides a reflective account of why and how a university went about commencing a CI programme. The motivation to establish the CI programme not only reflects the current fiscal environment but also one characterised by a need to respond to a number of increasingly demanding stakeholders. The insights gained highlight the importance of alignment with strategy, role of specialists and use of a structured method informed by a LSS approach. Of particular note is the role of expertise, both internal and external, and within this context the interplay between a formal top-down approach and the coming together enthusiast staff, some of whom had CI experience from previous employment. A number of practical implications were identified as a result of the study including the key role of the project sponsor; the criticality of an understanding of the fundamental LSS concepts and tools and techniques by management; and the key role played by improvement specialists. Originality/value While in recent times a strong case for the application of LSS in HEIs has been made, there is a paucity of case studies based on the reflective practice in the field. This paper is novel in that it aims to address this and contribute to an emerging body of CI literature in the HEI area.

scholarly journals Przekład literatury konceptualnej Studium przypadku lokalizacji Paint the Rock Shiva Kotechy jako Namaluj Popka

1970 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Piotr Marecki ◽  
Aleksandra Małecka
Keyword(s):  
Literary Work ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Translation Process ◽  
Original Experiment ◽  
Critical Potential ◽  
Translation Strategy ◽  
Conceptual Translation ◽  
Conceptual Writing

Translation of Conceptual Literature. A Case Study of the Localization of Paint the Rock by Shiv Kotecha into the Polish Namaluj PopkaThe article presents case study of a creative practice-based project in which the experimental conceptual book Paint the Rock by Shiv Kotecha was translated into Polish using a conceptual translation strategy. The original is an unconventional “coloring book” that invites the reader to paint American male celebrities from memory. The Polish translation, Namaluj Popka by Aleksandra Małecka and Piotr Marecki, remakes the original experiment, replacing these global household names with figures from the Polish local popular imaginary in a ludic localization. The authors describe the context of the original literary work, the translation process, the new context for reception in Poland, with a special focus on the role of the translator as the ambassador of new trends in literature and the creative and critical potential of conceptual writing and translation strategies.KEY WORDS: ambient literature, experimental literature, conceptual translation, experimental translation, conceptual literature

‘Me’, ‘us’, and ‘others’

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandra Y. Aikhenvald
Keyword(s):  
Information Source ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
First Person ◽  
Verbal Art ◽  
Internal Resources ◽  
Self And Other ◽  
The Family ◽  
Narrative Techniques

The Arawak language family is the largest in South America in terms of its geographical spread, with over forty extant languages. Arawak languages are spoken in at least ten locations north of the Amazon, and in at least ten south of it, and are structurally diverse. Across the family, the expression of first person is relatively consistent. This chapter starts with an overview of its marking and its meanings, with special focus on the emergence of inclusive/exclusive forms through language-internal resources and contact-induced change, followed by a case study of the means involved in the expression of first person, or ‘self’, and ‘other’ in Tariana, a well-documented Arawak language from the multilingual Vaupés River Basin linguistic area in northwest Amazonia. These involve person markers, exponents of future, and evidentiality (or grammatical expression of information source). Special narrative techniques and expression reveal the role of 'self' in Tariana verbal art.

scholarly journals Diffusion of CCTs from Latin America to Asia: the Philippine 4Ps case

2018 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 264-284 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Howlett ◽  
M Ramesh ◽  
Kidjie Saguin
Keyword(s):  
Policy Instruments ◽  
Conditional Cash Transfer ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Policy Transfer ◽  
Cash Transfer ◽  
Adequate Explanation ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Subject

Abstract The purpose of this study is to understand the role of international and domestic actors, ideas and processes in the diffusion of public policies. It argues that existing studies on the subject do not provide an adequate explanation of the mechanisms through which diffusion takes place, nor do they sufficiently address the roles of actors affecting the policy transfer process. We address these shortcomings by studying the diffusion of conditional cash transfer (CCT) programs from Brazil and Mexico to the Philippines over the past decade. We use the concept of an ‘instrument constituency’ to delineate and trace the various actors and channels involved in the diffusion of CCTs. The case study shows that these groups of actors dedicated to the articulation, adoption and expansion of particular policy instruments are central players in transnational diffusion of policies and offer a robust explanation of the phenomenon.

scholarly journals The Limits of Transparency: Expert Knowledge and Meaningful Accountability in Central Banking

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Eugénia C. Heldt ◽  
Lisa Herzog
Keyword(s):  
Conflict Of Interest ◽  
European Central Bank ◽  
Expert Knowledge ◽  
Central Banking ◽  
Epistemic Communities ◽  
Context Sensitive ◽  
European Central ◽  
High Degree

Abstract Recent discussions of accountability in contexts of expert knowledge raise questions about the limits of transparency. Against this background, we discuss the nexus between expert knowledge and meaningful accountability – that is, context-sensitive accountability based on a genuine understanding of a situation. We argue that the concentration of expertise in certain institutions makes it difficult to hold those institutions accountable. In particular, three components challenge meaningful accountability: specialization, inaccessibility and potential biases or conflict of interest. We emphasize the role of ‘epistemic communities’ and their impact on the tension between expert knowledge and independence. Drawing on the deliberative systems literature, we discuss how expert knowledge might be communicated to outsiders to enable meaningful accountability. To illustrate our argument, we draw on the European Central Bank, a case study in which states have chosen a delegation design characterized by a high degree of independence and trust in expert knowledge, to the detriment of accountability. We sketch possible avenues for creating the conditions for meaningful accountability even in the case of institutions with highly concentrated expertise.

20. Policy-Making

2020 ◽  
pp. 361-375
Author(s):  
Christoph Knill ◽  
Jale Tosun
Keyword(s):  
Policy Making ◽  
Policy Diffusion ◽  
National Policy ◽  
Policy Formulation ◽  
Policy Transfer ◽  
Process Models ◽  
Policy Cycle ◽  
Political Activities ◽  
Policy Styles

This chapter examines the process related to policy-making as well as potential determinants of policy choices. It begins with a discussion of conceptual models of policy-making, namely the institutional, rational, incremental, group, elite, and process models. It then considers the policy cycle, which models the policy process as a series of political activities, consisting of agenda setting, policy formulation, policy sadoption, implementation, and evaluation. It also analyses the role of institutions, frames, and policy styles in policy-making and concludes with an assessment of the most crucial domestic and international factors shaping the design of policies, focusing in particular on theories of policy diffusion, policy transfer, and cross-national policy convergence, along with international sources that affect domestic policy-making.

The Disaster-Management Capabilities of Local Governments: A Case Study in Indonesia

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 471-480 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danang Insita Putra ◽  
Mihoko Matsuyuki ◽  
◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Disaster Management ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Budget Allocation ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Management Capabilities

The role of the municipality in disaster management is a well-researched topic, but there is an ongoing debate concerning municipal capability in handling disasters. Many researchers have argued that governmental capability is a crucial factor in ensuring effective disaster management. Thus, several studies have measured or analyzed disaster-management capabilities at the local level. However, the relationships between the related indicators have not yet been ascertained. This study addressed this research gap by examining, with a special focus on non-structural aspects, how each indicator is related to governmental capability, as well as by examining other external indicators. We also made recommendations for developing, based on municipal characteristics, the capabilities of local governments. To do this, we employed structural equation modeling (SEM) to analyze data obtained from surveys conducted in 106 municipalities in Indonesia. Our findings indicated the existence of complicated relationships between the factors that improve local governmental capabilities and the external factors that influence capabilities. We found that the “budget allocation” factor played a fundamental role in disaster management. This article thus recommends increasing “budget allocation” as a primary way to strengthen local governmental capabilities in this area.

Managing Expectations and Benefits: A Model for Electronic Trading and EDI in the Insurance Industry

2005 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 177-186 ◽  
Author(s):  
Colm Fearon ◽  
George Philip
Keyword(s):  
Technology Management ◽  
Insurance Industry ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Successful Implementation ◽  
Electronic Trading ◽  
Implementation Phase ◽  
Key Stakeholders

This paper investigates the role of insurer and broker expectations in achieving long-term benefit success from electronic trading in the insurance industry. The paper highlights the importance of intra- and inter-organisational expectations with the implementation of electronic data intercharge, as a major electronic trading initiative within the insurance industry. A benefits management model is conceptualised to explore the effects of competitive stimuli and depict the technology management response of insurers and brokers within the case study. The model highlights the importance of managing benefits and expectations in developing long-term partnerships for the successful implementation of electronic trading. The technology management response among key stakeholders and the roles of communication, coordination and support during the implementation phase are also discussed. Finally, a number of lessons are recommended, which should be of use to practitioners and concluding remarks indicate areas for future research.

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