Evaluation of frontal sinus as a growth predictor in horizontal, vertical, and average growth pattern in children from 8 to 11 years: A cephalometric study

Introduction: Great emphasis has been given to the evaluation of sagittal apical base relationship in orthodontic diagnosis and treatment planning. The prediction of magnitude and direction of facial growth based on sagittal relationship will help in orthodontic treatment with growth modification. The objective of the study is to assess the growth pattern in skeletal Class I malocclusion. Materials and Method: 104 subjects (52 male and 52 female) with the age between 18-30 years with Class I skeletal relation was selected from lateral cephalograms of patients visiting the Department of Orthodontics, Kantipur Dental College. The ANB angle was measured to assess the sagittal jaw relationship and the Jarabak’s ratio to access the growth pattern. Descriptive statistics were calculated for each parameter. Pearson’s test was done to evaluate the correlation between the parameters. Independent t-test was done to compare Anterior Facial height (AFH), Posterior Facial Height (PFH) and Jarabak’s ratio between male and female subjects. Result: Among the total subjects with skeletal Class I malocclusion; hyperdivergent growth pattern was least (10.57%), followed by normodivergent (18.26%) and hypodivergent growth pattern (71.15%). Mean Jarabak’s ratio for hyperdivergent, normodivergent and hypodivergent growth pattern were 58.65±1.94, 63.98±0.85 and 69.98±4.13 respectively. Very strong correlation was found between AFH and PFH in hyperdivergent (r = 0.821) and normodivergent group (r =0.978). Strong correlation was found in hypodivergent group between AFH and PFH (r =0.743). Also, strong correlation was found in hypodivergent group between PFH and Jarabak’s ratio (r =0.643). Conclusion: Hypodivergent growth pattern was the dominant growth pattern in skeletal Class I malocclusion. PFH influenced the determination of Jarabak’s ratio more than the AFH in hypodivergent growth pattern. Hypodivergent growth pattern is correlated with large SNB angle.

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Spatial changes in upper airway induced by change in head postures in horizontal, average and vertical growth pattern: A comparative lateral cephalometric study

Indian Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Research ◽

10.18231/2455-6785.2018.0040 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 4 (4) ◽

pp. 208-215

Author(s):

Divya Puranik ◽

Shweta R Bhat

Keyword(s):

Growth Pattern ◽

Upper Airway ◽

Vertical Growth ◽

Spatial Changes ◽

Cephalometric Study ◽

Vertical Growth Pattern

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Comparison Between Treacher Collins Syndrome and Pierre Robin Sequence: A Cephalometric Study

The Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Journal ◽

10.1177/1055665620937499 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 58 (1) ◽

pp. 78-83

Author(s):

Renata Mayumi Kato ◽

Priscila Padilha Moura ◽

Roseli Maria Zechi-Ceide ◽

Cristiano Tonello ◽

Adriano Porto Peixoto ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Growth Pattern ◽

Treacher Collins Syndrome ◽

Pierre Robin Sequence ◽

Single Center ◽

Significance Level ◽

Robin Sequence ◽

Mandibular Plane ◽

Cephalometric Study ◽

Vertical Growth Pattern ◽

Pierre Robin

Objective: The aim of this study was to compare the dentoskeletal pattern of Treacher Collins syndrome (TCS) and nonsyndromic Pierre Robin sequence (PRS). Design: Retrospective. Setting: Single center. Patients: Eighteen patients diagnosed with TCS (Group TCS) or PRS (Group PRS) in rehabilitation treatment at a single center. Group TCS was composed of 9 patients (4 male, 5 female) with a mean age of 12.9 years (standard deviation = 4.8). Group PRS was composed of 9 patients paired by age and sex with group TCS. Main Outcome Measure(s): Cone beam computed tomography–derived cephalometric images taken before the orthodontic or the orthodontic-surgical treatment were analyzed using Dolphin Imaging (Dolphin Imaging 11.0 & Management Solutions). Variables evaluating the cranial base, the maxillary and mandibular skeletal components, maxillomandibular relationship, the vertical components and the dentoalveolar region were measured. Intergroup comparisons were performed using t tests. The significance level considered was 5%. Results: Intergroup differences in the mandible size and growth pattern were observed. Group TCS showed a smaller mandibular length (Co-Go, Co-Gn) and a higher palatal plane (SN-Palatal Plane) and mandibular plane angles (SN-Go.Gn) compared to group PRS. No differences between TCS and PRS were observed for the sagittal position of the maxilla, maxillomandibular relationship, and dental components. Conclusions: Treacher Collins syndrome presented a decreased mandible and a more severe vertical growth pattern compared to PRS.

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Measurement of inter radicular bone width in different growth patterns for determining safe zone for placement of miniscrew implants – A cone beam computed tomography study

IP Indian Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Research ◽

10.18231/j.ijodr.2021.024 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 (2) ◽

pp. 137-143

Author(s):

Rohit Kulshrestha ◽

Sagar Sarje ◽

Rahul Despande ◽

Srinivas Ashtekar ◽

Jagadeesh Gajapurada ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Growth Pattern ◽

Sagittal Plane ◽

Growth Patterns ◽

Average Growth ◽

Implant Placement ◽

Bone Width ◽

Posterior Maxilla ◽

Miniscrew Implant ◽

The Right ◽

Vertical Growth Pattern

To measure the inter-radicular spaces in both arches for miniscrew implant placement and to determine the most reliable sites using CBCT. A CBCT radiograph was taken for 75 subjects that met with inclusion criteria. They were divided into 3 categories- Hypodivergent, average, and hyperdivergent group. Images were calibrated by using software and printed as a film. Interradicular space on the right side of the jaw was measured in the sagittal plane after assuming the jaw to be symmetrical. Bucco-lingual and mesiodistal width were measured up to desired bone levels. In vertical growth pattern, in posterior maxilla highest mesiodistal width between 2nd premolar and 1st molar at 7mm. In the mandible, it was between the 1st and 2nd molar at 11mm. In horizontal growth pattern, in posterior maxilla highest mesiodistal width between 1st and 2nd premolar, and mandible it was between 1st and 2nd molar at 11mm. In average growth pattern, in posterior maxilla highest mesiodistal width between 2nd premolar and 1st molar and 1st molar at 7mm. In the mandible, it was between the 1st and 2nd molar at 11mm. The importance of the relationship between the growth pattern and the availability of inter radicular space may aid the clinician in planning appropriate surgical sites for miniscrew implant placement.

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Broadening the Scope and Utility of Frontal Sinus Morphology for Predicting the Growth Pattern and Skeletal Malocclusion in Cleft Lip and Palate Cases

Journal of Pharmaceutical Research International ◽

10.9734/jpri/2021/v33i51a33482 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 173-179

Author(s):

Vikrant V. Jadhav ◽

Pallavi Daigavane ◽

Ranjit Kamble ◽

Sunita Shrivastav ◽

Meenakshi Tiwari

Keyword(s):

Growth Pattern ◽

Frontal Sinus ◽

Cleft Lip ◽

Cleft Lip And Palate ◽

Treatment Plan ◽

Class I ◽

Class Iii ◽

Skeletal Class ◽

Skeletal Malocclusion ◽

Chisquare Test

Introduction: The three dimensionally affected growth and development of craniofacial structures in CLCP leads to problems dealing with facial appearance, skeletal and dental malocclusion, feeding, airway, hearing, and speech. Objectives: Evaluation and utilisation of fs morphology as a forecast of future growth for growth pattern and skeletal malocclusion in CLCP cases. Methodology: A 30 Cases from Skeletal Class I, III and CLCP will be selected from Department of Orthodontics. Dimensions and area of frontal sinus is evaluated using 3DVT. Parameters are evaluated in sagittal and coronal section. The measurement's dependability will be determined using a reliability test (Cronbach alpha test). Chisquare Test, One Way ANOVA, and Multiple Comparison will be used to do descriptive and analytical statistics. The Tukey Test is a statistical test that is used. Expected Results: Frontal sinus dimensions when observed for Class III will be found greater. Average dimensions will be observed for skeletal Class I cases. Based on the dimensions of frontal sinus observed in cleft lip and palate, we can predict the skeletal malocclusion and growth pattern. Conclusion: The morphology of the fs is evaluated in cleft cases for the upcoming growth pattern and skeletal malocclusion if is known during formulating a treatment plan for the three dimensionally affected jaw bases and craniofacial structure the requirement for later surgical intervention can be prevented.

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A photogrammetric and cephalometric evaluation of facial symmetry and smile in relation to attractiveness.

UNIVERSITY JOURNAL OF DENTAL SCIENCES ◽

10.21276/ujds.2020.6.3.1 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 6 (3) ◽

pp. 1-8

Author(s):

Akshita ◽

Arun K. Chauhan ◽

Riddhi Chawla

Keyword(s):

Growth Pattern ◽

Cephalometric Analysis ◽

Average Growth ◽

Facial Symmetry ◽

Photographic Analysis ◽

Group I ◽

Cephalometric Radiograph ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Horizontal Growth ◽

Pattern Group

Introduction: Human find symmetrical face more attractive than are asymmetrical faces. The smile is one of the most important facial expressions and is essential in expressing friendliness, agreement, and appreciation. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the relationship between smile and symmetry in attributing to attractiveness. Materials & Method: The study was conducted in the Department Of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, on 150 samples. 150 good quality radiographs and photographs of the patients were obtained. The subjects were divided into three groups: Group I – Horizontal growth pattern Group II – Average growth pattern Group III – Vertical growth pattern. The frontal facial photograph and PA cephalometric radiograph were used to assess the facial symmetry. Posed smile photograph and Lateral cephalometric radiograph were used to assess the smile. Digimizer Image Analyzer (bvba software) were used for the analysis. The ratings were given by the expert panellist based on attractiveness Results: In the present study, Left facial symmetry parameters is marginally higher than right side in cephalometric analysis and converse for photographic analysis, right facial symmetry parameters is marginally higher than left side but this is not statistically significant. There are no statistically significant difference among the groups for smile -photographic parameters and lateral cephalometric smile parameters. There is statistically significant difference among the groups for Visual Analog Scale readings for attractiveness given by orthodontist, general dentist and layperson for frontal profile for the subjects of three study groups. Conclusion: The study revealed that in cephalometric analysis, left hemiface is wider than right hemiface while in photographic analysis, right hemiface is wider than left hemiface. Vertical grower shows maximum upper incisor exposure and upper and lower vermilion lip thickness. On the contrary full smile length was minimum in vertical grower. The most favored profile by VAS was horizontal growth pattern.

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A Novel Frontal Sinus Index Protocol for Gender Determination: A Retrospective Lateral Cephalometric Study for Egyptians

Egyptian Dental Journal ◽

10.21608/edj.2021.76583.1639 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 67 (3) ◽

pp. 2199-2204

Author(s):

Sarah Kenawy ◽

Mohamed Ellabban ◽

Ali Fadel

Keyword(s):

Frontal Sinus ◽

Gender Determination ◽

Cephalometric Study

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Correlation between frontal sinus dimensions and cephalometric indices: A cross-sectional study

European Journal of Dentistry ◽

10.4103/1305-7456.202630 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 11 (01) ◽

pp. 064-070 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Azita Tehranchi ◽

Saeed Reza Motamedian ◽

Sara Saedi ◽

Sattar Kabiri ◽

Shireen Shidfar

Keyword(s):

Growth Pattern ◽

Frontal Sinus ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Skeletal Growth ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Gonial Angle ◽

Craniofacial Structure ◽

Anterior Cranial Base ◽

Lateral Cephalograms ◽

Study Population

ABSTRACT Objective: Growth prediction plays a significant role in accurate diagnosis and treatment planning of orthodontics patients. It was hypothesized that the unique pattern of pneumatization of the frontal sinus as a component of craniofacial structure would influence the skeletal growth pattern and may be used as a growth predictor. Materials and Methods: A total of 144 subjects (78 females and 66 males) with a mean age of 19.26 ± 4.66 years were included in this retrospective study. Posterior-anterior and lateral cephalograms (LCs) were used to measure the frontal sinus dimensions. The skeletal growth pattern and relations of craniofacial structures were analyzed on LC using variables for sagittal and vertical analyses. Correlation between the frontal sinus dimensions and cephalometric indices was assessed by the Pearson's correlation coefficient. Results: The SN-FH and SNA angles had significant associations with frontal sinus dimensions in all enrolled subjects (P < 0.05). In males, the SN-FH, sum of posterior angles, Pal-SN, and Jarabak index were significantly associated with the size of frontal sinus (P < 0.05). In females, the associations of SN-FH and gonial angles with frontal sinus dimensions were significant (P < 0.05). Conclusion: The results show that larger size of frontal sinus was associated with reduced inclination of the anterior cranial base, increased anterior facial height (in males), and increased gonial angle (in females) in the study population.

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