Patterns of All-Cause Mortality in Papua New Guinea, 2011

Existing estimates of mortality for Papua New Guinea (PNG) have primarily been based on models using little empirical data, and without estimation of life expectancy at subnational level. We used data on deaths from the 2000 and 2011 censuses and indirect demographic methods to estimate under-5 mortality (5q0), adult mortality (45q15), and life expectancy by province and sex. A Socioeconomic Composite Index was constructed to assess the plausibility of life expectancy estimates. We generated 5q0 estimates (68 per 1000 live births for males and 58 for females), 45q15 (269 per 1000 for males and 237 for females), and life expectancy (62.0 years for males and 64.3 for females) in PNG in 2011. Provinces with low life expectancy had correspondingly low levels of development as measured by the Composite Index, and vice versa. These subnational estimates of mortality levels and patterns maybe useful at the provincial level to improve population health in PNG.

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Estimating Adult Mortality in Papua New Guinea, 2011

Population Health Metrics ◽

10.1186/s12963-019-0184-x ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 17 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Urarang Kitur ◽

Tim Adair ◽

Alan D. Lopez

Keyword(s):

Papua New Guinea ◽

New Guinea ◽

Adult Mortality

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Demographic and endocrinological aspects of low natural fertility in highland New Guinea

Journal of Biosocial Science ◽

10.1017/s0021932000015479 ◽

1985 ◽

Vol 17 (1) ◽

pp. 57-79 ◽

Cited By ~ 31

Author(s):

James W. Wood ◽

Patricia L. Johnson ◽

Kenneth L. Campbell

Keyword(s):

Papua New Guinea ◽

High Probability ◽

Reproductive Output ◽

New Guinea ◽

Birth Spacing ◽

Natural Fertility ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Live Births ◽

Secondary Sterility ◽

Low Prevalence

SummaryThe Gainj of highland Papua New Guinea do not use contraception but have a total fertility rate of only 4·3 live births per woman, one of the lowest ever recorded in a natural fertility setting. From an analysis of cross-sectional demographic and endocrinological data, the causes of low reproductive output have been identified in women of this population as: late menarche and marriage, a long interval between marriage and first birth, a high probability of widowhood at later reproductive ages, low effective fecundability and prolonged lactational amenorrhoea. These are combined with near-universal marriage, a low prevalence of primary sterility and a pattern of onset of secondary sterility similar to that found in other populations. Of all the factors limiting fertility, by far the most important are those involved in birth spacing, especially lactational amenorrhoea.

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Does Medical Expansion Improve Population Health?

Journal of Health and Social Behavior ◽

10.1177/0022146518754534 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 59 (1) ◽

pp. 113-132 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Hui Zheng ◽

Linda K. George

Keyword(s):

Mortality Rate ◽

Pharmaceutical Industry ◽

Life Expectancy ◽

Population Health ◽

Relative Size ◽

Improve Population Health ◽

Development Indicators ◽

All Cause Mortality ◽

And Behavior ◽

World Development

Medical expansion has become a prominent dynamic in today’s societies as the biomedical model becomes increasingly dominant in the explanation of health, illness, and other human problems and behavior. Medical expansion is multidimensional and represented by expansions in three major components of the healthcare system: increasing medical investment, medical professionalization/specialization, and the relative size of the pharmaceutical industry. Using Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development health data and World Development Indicators 1981 to 2007, we find medical investment and medical professionalization/specialization significantly improve all three measures of life expectancy and decrease mortality rate even after controlling for endogeneity problems. In contrast, an expanded pharmaceutical industry is negatively associated with female life expectancy at age 65 and positively associated with the all-cause mortality rate. It further compromises the beneficial effect of medical professionalization/specialization on population health. In general, medical professionalization/specialization and gross domestic product per capita have similar and stronger effects than medical investment.

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Isozyme variability among isolates of Phytophthora cinnamomi from Australia and Papua New Guinea

Canadian Journal of Botany ◽

10.1139/b84-274 ◽

1984 ◽

Vol 62 (10) ◽

pp. 2016-2022 ◽

Cited By ~ 45

Author(s):

K. M. Old ◽

G. F. Moran ◽

J. C. Bell

Keyword(s):

Genetic Variation ◽

Papua New Guinea ◽

Phytophthora Cinnamomi ◽

New Guinea ◽

Isozyme Variation ◽

Mating Types ◽

Wide Range ◽

Isozyme Loci ◽

Isozyme Variability ◽

Low Levels

Genetic variation in 183 isolates of Phytophthora cinnamomi from a wide range of hosts and locations in Australia and Papua New Guinea (PNG) was assessed at 20 isozyme loci. Low levels of isozyme variation were found in both the A, and A2 mating types within Australia. Only two A2 multilocus genotypes were detected among Australian and PNG isolates, the more common one being found throughout the range. Fourteen of the 15 A1 isolates from 12 locations in Australia were identical at all 20 isozyme loci. In contrast there was much higher variability in the eight PNG A1 isolates compared with the Australian Ai isolates and all A2 isolates. The A1 and A2 mating types can be distinguished isozymically suggesting that they are genetically isolated and that sexual reproduction involving both mating types does not occur in the field.

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