Serum prolactin and gonadotropin levels in women with infertility in Bangladesh

Background and objectives: Infertility is a global health problem including Bangladesh. Altered prolactin, follicle (FSH) and luteinizing hormones (LH) levels have been implicated as a cause of infertility. The present study was undertaken to find out the serum prolactin and gonadotropin levels in women with primary and secondary infertility.Methods: The study involved a total of 100 women of which 50 had primary (Group A) and another 50 had secondary (Group B) infertility. Fifty fertile age-matched women were included as control (Group C). All the study participants were selected from women attending the infertility unit of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Dhaka. Serum prolactin, FSH and LH hormones were measured by radioimmunoassay with blood collected on the 2nd day of menstrual cycle.Results: The mean serum prolactin level was significantly higher (<p0.01) while the mean serum FSH and LH levels were significantly(p< 0.01) lower in women with primary and secondary infertility compared to fertile women. However, the mean serum prolactin, FSH and LH levels were not significantly different from each other among the women with primary and secondary sterility. High prolactinemia was observed in 16% and 14% women in Group A and B respectively. Compared to women with secondary sterility, significantly (p<0.05%) higher number of cases with primary sterility (30% vs. 54%) had FSH level below the normal range. On the other hand, 28% cases with secondary sterility had LH level below the normal range compared to 10% in primary sterility group (p<0.05).Conclusion: The study has demonstrated that there was alteration of serum prolactin, FSH and LH levels in women with primary and secondary sterilityIMC J Med Sci 2018; 12(1): 1-5

ENDOSCOPIC PICTURE OF FALLOPIAN TUBES STATE IN KAZAKHSTAN WOMEN WITH NATURAL STERILITY COMBINED WITH REPRODUCTIVE DISEASES

Determination of level of fallopian tube affect and assessment of fallopian tube state in women with natural sterility combined with reproductive diseases. The analysis of endoscopic surgery results was presented by sampling in 200 patients, of which 98 patients with natural sterility, 102 with secondary sterility. The patients with natural sterility were distributed by three groups: 1 group was made up with patients with natural sterility combined with endometriosis (n=33), 2 made up with patients with natural sterility combined with uterine fibroid (n=26), 3 are patients with natural sterility combined with chronic salpingitis. All patients have passed the standard examination. According to data of sonographic hydrotubation in 1 group the double-sided uterine tubes patency was observed in 28%(84,85+6,24), in 2 group in 20% (76,92+8,26), in 3 group 29 %(74,36+6,99) of cases. Under laparoscopic examination of fallopian tube the changes were observed in 1 group in 10% (30,30+8,00) of cases. In 2 group the changes are observed in 20 % (76,92+8,26) of cases. In 3 group the changes are observed in 32% (82,05+6,15) of cases. Hereby in view of the presence of patients with natural sterility the frequency of fallopian tube abnormality in three groups was equal from 30% to 82,05%, despite its double-sided patency 74,36% to 84,85%. Therefore the endoscopic interventions shall be performed not with the purpose of diagnosis verification but with medical purpose.

Fertility in Ankole, Buganda, and Buhaya, 1925–69

This chapter reports that the main reasons why fertility rose in Ankole, Buganda and Buhaya were not associated with changing age at first marriage or a growing economic desire for larger families, but rather primarily because of the increased duration of women's reproductive lives. This was partly linked with declining divorce rates in Ankole and Buhaya; Ganda women's increasing willingness to have children outside marriage; and more importantly with a reduction in secondary sterility. A shortening of birth intervals in Buganda from the 1920s, in Ankole from the 1930s and Buhaya from the 1940s, was also significant. The chapter attempts to explain why fertility increase in Ankole occurred decades earlier than in Buganda and Buhaya, yet colonial Ankole was much poorer, less Christianized, and had inferior medical and educational services. This region's exceptionalism is explained mainly by Buganda and Buhaya's marital instability before the 1960s and surprisingly high disease burdens.

Lupus anticoagulans in patients with recurrent spontaneous abortion and secondary sterility

Antiphospholipid antibodies (lupus anticoagulans and anticardiolipine antibodies) are frequent cause of recurrent spontaneous abortion in patients with secondary sterility. Our aim was to evaluate the frequency of lupus anticoagulans antibodies in patients with recurrent abortions and to analyze their coagulation status relative to health (control) patients. We got the statistical significances (p < 0.05) in number of lupus anticoagulans positive women between the groups. Activated partial tromboplastin time and protrombin time are statistical significant (p < 0.05) higher in analyzed patients with recurrent abortion, which is in agreement of existing lupus anticoagulans activity. Detecting by the time, antiphospholipid antibodies and giving the anticoagulant therapy to the patients, the risk for abortion will be decreased.

Clinic-epidemiological research of reproductive health of city and country population in Tomsk region

There were presented the results of single-stage epidemiological research in methology World Health Organization the aim of which was to evaluate the influence of some factors on fertility of city and country female population. Among 2545 women who filled in forms and live in a city (2000) and country (545), 16,4% and 17,0% are sterile. Secondary sterility prevails primary one. The main reasons of sterility are infectious diseases of pelvis minor organs, abortions, abnormality of menstrual cycle, miscarriages and contraception.

Nutritional status and age at secondary sterility in rural Bangladesh

SummaryIn a prospective study of 2324 women in Matlab, Bangladesh, the occurrence of primary and secondary sterility by age groups was examined. The results were related to the nutritional status of the women, as assessed by measurements of height, weight, arm circumference and ponderal index. There is evidence that nutritional status is an important factor in estimated age at sterility, with thinner women experiencing a slightly earlier menopause.

Demographic and endocrinological aspects of low natural fertility in highland New Guinea

SummaryThe Gainj of highland Papua New Guinea do not use contraception but have a total fertility rate of only 4·3 live births per woman, one of the lowest ever recorded in a natural fertility setting. From an analysis of cross-sectional demographic and endocrinological data, the causes of low reproductive output have been identified in women of this population as: late menarche and marriage, a long interval between marriage and first birth, a high probability of widowhood at later reproductive ages, low effective fecundability and prolonged lactational amenorrhoea. These are combined with near-universal marriage, a low prevalence of primary sterility and a pattern of onset of secondary sterility similar to that found in other populations. Of all the factors limiting fertility, by far the most important are those involved in birth spacing, especially lactational amenorrhoea.