Isozyme variability among isolates of Phytophthora cinnamomi from Australia and Papua New Guinea

1984 ◽  
Vol 62 (10) ◽  
pp. 2016-2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. M. Old ◽  
G. F. Moran ◽  
J. C. Bell
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Papua New Guinea ◽  
Phytophthora Cinnamomi ◽  
New Guinea ◽  
Isozyme Variation ◽  
Mating Types ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Isozyme Loci ◽  
Isozyme Variability ◽  
Low Levels

Genetic variation in 183 isolates of Phytophthora cinnamomi from a wide range of hosts and locations in Australia and Papua New Guinea (PNG) was assessed at 20 isozyme loci. Low levels of isozyme variation were found in both the A, and A2 mating types within Australia. Only two A2 multilocus genotypes were detected among Australian and PNG isolates, the more common one being found throughout the range. Fourteen of the 15 A1 isolates from 12 locations in Australia were identical at all 20 isozyme loci. In contrast there was much higher variability in the eight PNG A1 isolates compared with the Australian Ai isolates and all A2 isolates. The A1 and A2 mating types can be distinguished isozymically suggesting that they are genetically isolated and that sexual reproduction involving both mating types does not occur in the field.

Isozyme Variability in Field Populations of Phytophthora cinnamomi in Australia

1988 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 355 ◽  
Author(s):  
KM Old ◽  
MJ Dudzinski ◽  
JC Bell
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Reproduction ◽  
Phytophthora Cinnamomi ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Mating Types ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
Enzyme Loci ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Isozyme Variability ◽  
South Eastern Australia

Isozyme characteristics of 280 isolates from populations of Phytophthora cinnamomi in native veg- etation in six locations in south-eastern Australia were examined at 19 enzyme loci. No new enzyme genotypic arrays were identified as compared with earlier samplings. This work indicates that the low variability for P. cinnamomi in Australia obtained in earlier work, from separate isolates in a wide range of locations, is paralleled in detailed population samples in south-eastern Australia. At one location, A1 and A2 mating types coexisted in soil samples. The lack of recombinants in these population samples suggests an absence of sexual reproduction in the field.

Revision of Coronostrongylus (Nematoda : Strongyloidea) parasitic in the stomachs of macropodid marsupials

2002 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. 893 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Beveridge
Keyword(s):  
Papua New Guinea ◽  
Host Species ◽  
Related Species ◽  
New Guinea ◽  
Nematode Species ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
Nematode Genus ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Species Occurrences

The monotypic nematode genus Coronostrongylus Johnston & Mawson, 1939 from the stomachs of macropodid marsupials was reviewed and was found to consist of a least seven closely related species. Coronostrongylus coronatus Johnston & Mawson, 1939 is found most commonly in Macropus rufogriseus, but occurs occasionally in M. dorsalis, M. parryi and Petrogale inornata. Coronostrongylus johnsoni, sp. nov. is most commonly found in M. dorsalis, but occurs also in M. rufogriseus, M. parma, Thylogale stigmatica, Petrogale godmani and P. brachyotis. Coronostrongylus barkeri, sp. nov. is most prevalent in Onychogalea unguifera, but occurs also in M. rufus, M. robustus and P. brachyotis. Coronostrongylus closei, sp. nov. is restricted to Petrogale persephone. Coronostrongylus sharmani, sp. nov. occurs only in rock wallabies from eastern Australia: P.�coenensis, P. godmani and P. mareeba; C. spratti, sp. nov. occurs in P. inornata and P. assimilis. Coronostrongylus spearei, sp. nov. is restricted to Papua New Guinea where it is found in Dorcopsulus vanhearni, Dorcopsis hageni and D. muelleri. Although all of the nematode species occur in one principal host species or a series of closely related host species, occurrences in geographically disjunct areas and in phylogenetically distant hosts are features of C. coronatus, C. barkeri, sp. nov. and C. johnsoni, sp. nov. The occurrence of seven closely related nematode species found in a wide range of macropodid host species is more readily accounted for by a hypothesis involving multiple colonisations of hosts than by the hypothesis of co-speciation.

Materials and methods.

2022 ◽  
pp. 5-5
Author(s):  
Richard A. I. Drew ◽  
Meredith C. Romig
Keyword(s):  
Papua New Guinea ◽  
New Guinea ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Methyl Eugenol ◽  
Microscopic Identification ◽  
Host Fruit ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Wide Range

Abstract Large numbers of dacine specimens were collected throughout Papua New Guinea by trapping and host fruit sampling. Steinertype fruit fly traps, baited with cue lure, methyl eugenol or vanillylacetone (zingerone), were set in many localities over a wide range of ecosystems. In most cases, the traps were serviced on 2-week cycles for at least 1 year. Samples of rainforest and cultivated fruits were collected in some provinces. All specimens collected were preserved in a dry state and sent to R.A.I. Drew at Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia, for microscopic identification and curation. Data and photographs of Bactrocera longicornis were received from the Museum Nationale d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France. The subgeneric classification used herein follows Drew and Hancock (2016) and Hancock and Drew (2006, 2015, 2016, 2017a,b,c,d,e, 2018a,b,c, 2019).

Genetic variation in Ganoderma spp. from Papua New Guinea as revealed by molecular (PCR) methods.

2009 ◽  
pp. 195-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. A. Pilotti ◽  
F. R. Sanderson ◽  
E. A. B. Aitken ◽  
P. D. Bridge
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Papua New Guinea ◽  
New Guinea

Patterns of All-Cause Mortality in Papua New Guinea, 2011

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 315-324 ◽  
Author(s):  
Urarang Kitur ◽  
Tim Adair ◽  
Alan D. Lopez
Keyword(s):  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Papua New Guinea ◽  
Composite Index ◽  
New Guinea ◽  
Adult Mortality ◽  
Improve Population Health ◽  
Live Births ◽  
All Cause Mortality ◽  
Demographic Methods ◽  
Low Levels

Existing estimates of mortality for Papua New Guinea (PNG) have primarily been based on models using little empirical data, and without estimation of life expectancy at subnational level. We used data on deaths from the 2000 and 2011 censuses and indirect demographic methods to estimate under-5 mortality (5q0), adult mortality (45q15), and life expectancy by province and sex. A Socioeconomic Composite Index was constructed to assess the plausibility of life expectancy estimates. We generated 5q0 estimates (68 per 1000 live births for males and 58 for females), 45q15 (269 per 1000 for males and 237 for females), and life expectancy (62.0 years for males and 64.3 for females) in PNG in 2011. Provinces with low life expectancy had correspondingly low levels of development as measured by the Composite Index, and vice versa. These subnational estimates of mortality levels and patterns maybe useful at the provincial level to improve population health in PNG.

scholarly journals Variability of Anthoxanthum species in Poland in relation to geographical-historical and environmental conditions: isozyme variation

2013 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Drapikowska
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Gene Flow ◽  
Reproductive Isolation ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Habitat Type ◽  
Environmental Variation ◽  
Small Extent ◽  
Isozyme Variation ◽  
Isozyme Markers ◽  
Isozyme Variability

Abstract Variation of 9 isozyme systems was studied in Polish populations of 3 species of the genus Anthoxanthum: the native A. odoratum s. str. L. and A. alpinum Á. Löve & D. Löve, as well as the alien A. aristatum Boiss. Results of this study show that A. odoratum is characterized by a high isozyme variability of lowland populations, weakly correlated with habitat type, and partial genetic distinctness of montane populations. Moreover, 5 isozyme markers have been identified (Pgi-2, Dia-2, Mdh, Idh, Pgm) for the allopolyploid A. odoratum. Populations of A. aristatum are highly polymorphic (P = 98%). The observed isozyme differentiation of its populations (FST = 0.087) is low and gene flow between them (Nm = 5.314) is high. The genetic variation reflects environmental variation only to a small extent and is not significantly related to the phase of chorological expansion of this species. Altitudinal vicariants, A. alpinum and A. odoratum, are characterized by morphological and isozymatic distinctness, indicating their reproductive isolation. In populations of A. alpinum, polymorphism is high (P = 76.92%), differentiation among populations is moderate (FST = 0.198), and gene flow between populations along the altitudinal transect (Nm = 1.709) is relatively low

scholarly journals Review: A PNG media era when development mattered

2014 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 248
Author(s):  
Scott MacWilliam
Keyword(s):  
Papua New Guinea ◽  
Major Change ◽  
New Guinea ◽  
Popular Literature ◽  
Journalism History ◽  
The People ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Press ◽  
Science Methodology ◽  
Social Science Methodology

Review of: Press, Politics and People in Papua New Guinea 1950-1975, by Philip Cass. Auckland: Unitec e-Press, 2014, 205pp. ISBN 978-1-927214-09-1Press, Politics and People should be required reading for people who are concerned with the history and current trajectory of Papua New Guinea. It is also a book with much to offer for university courses in journalism, history and social science methodology. Philip Cass shows in considerable detail how to research and write a detailed study about an important topic by employing a wide range of research methods, including interviews, content analysis of newspapers, analysing academic and popular literature, and engaging in archival searches. Significantly, he does not waste any time ‘interrogating the Other’, but sustains several arguments about the place of the press during a critical moment when major change was in the air for the people of Papua New Guinea.

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