Developing a literature-based glossary and taxonomy for the study of mental practice in music performance

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 196-211
Author(s):  
Susan Mielke ◽  
Gilles Comeau
Keyword(s):  
Motor Skills ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Music Performance ◽  
Mental Practice ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Classification Methods ◽  
Physical Practice ◽  
Frequency Of Use ◽  
Tree Diagram

Mental practice refers to the use of imagery as opposed to the physical or motor skills used in physical practice. It is a strategy frequently discussed with regard to the acquisition of skills required for music performance, and recent scientific literature confirms the benefits of mental practice. However, a review of that literature reveals inconsistencies and a lack of clarity in the use of terminology. To better understand this problem of terminology, 33 current studies on mental practice in music performance were assembled and examined for both the quantity and quality of term usage. Terms were identified and recorded using terminology and classification methods from Cabré (1999), and The Pavel, Terminology Tutorial. Terminological records were created for each term appearing more than once in the literature for a total of 83 records. Issues related to frequency of use (repetition), use of multiple terms (synonymy), lack of term definitions, and the need for clarity in term usage (semantic vagueness and ambiguity) were then analyzed using these records. This terminology process resulted in the creation of a glossary of 21 terms and a corresponding hierarchical taxonomy (tree diagram). These tools were developed to clarify the terminology of mental practice in music performance in order to provide a foundation for a more systematic use of the terminology in future research, as well as to assist with comprehension of the existing literature.

Cognitive Demand, Imagery, and Frequency of Mental Rehearsal as Factors Influencing Acquisition of Motor Skills

1981 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Dean Ryan ◽  
Jeff Simons
Keyword(s):  
Motor Skills ◽  
Relative Frequency ◽  
Cognitive Task ◽  
Motor Task ◽  
Mental Practice ◽  
Physical Practice ◽  
Motor Tasks ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Male College ◽  
Actual Trial

Male college students (N= 39) learned two novel perceptual motor tasks differing in demand across a cognitive-motor continuum, under conditions of physical practice (PP), mental practice (MP), or no practice (NP). On each task, the PP group was given 12 actual trials; the MP group received one actual, nine mental, then two actual trials; and the NP group received one actual trial, 10 minutes rest, then two actual trials. Results showed no difference in learning between MP and NP groups on the predominantly motor task, with the PP group significantly superior to both. On the predominantly cognitive task, however, the MP group performed as well as the PP group, and both were significantly superior to the NP group. Two additional questions concerning the influences of imaging ability and relative frequency of mental practice rendered equivocal results.

scholarly journals Indicators for Evaluating the Performance and Quality of Care of Ambulatory Care Nurses

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joachim Rapin ◽  
Danielle D’Amour ◽  
Carl-Ardy Dubois
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Care ◽  
Nursing Care ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Quality And Safety ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Current State ◽  
Outpatient Settings ◽  
Theoretical Foundations

The quality and safety of nursing care vary from one service to another. We have only very limited information on the quality and safety of nursing care in outpatient settings, an expanding area of practice. Our aim in this study was to make available, from the scientific literature, indicators potentially sensitive to nursing that can be used to evaluate the performance of nursing care in outpatient settings and to integrate those indicators into the theoretical framework of Dubois et al. (2013). We conducted a scoping review in three databases (CINAHL, MEDLINE, and EMBASE) and the bibliographies of selected articles. From a total of 116 articles, we selected 22. The results of our study not only enable that framework to be extended to ambulatory nursing care but also enhance it with the addition of five new indicators. Our work offers nurses and managers in ambulatory nursing units indicators potentially sensitive to nursing that can be used to evaluate performance. For researchers, it presents the current state of knowledge on this construct and a framework with theoretical foundations for future research in ambulatory settings. This work opens an unexplored field for further research.

What is Learned in Mental Practice of Motor Skills: A Test of the Cognitive-Motor Hypothesis

1983 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 419-426 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Dean Ryan ◽  
Jeff Simons
Keyword(s):  
Performance Improvement ◽  
Motor Skills ◽  
Relative Effectiveness ◽  
Motor Task ◽  
Rest Period ◽  
Mental Practice ◽  
Practice Effects ◽  
Physical Practice ◽  
Male College ◽  
Better Than

To test the cognitive-motor hypothesis, mental practice effects were examined using two tasks judged to differ only in the degree of motor involvement. Male college students (N = 60) learned either the high motor task or the low motor task under conditions of physical practice (PP), mental practice (MP), or no practice (NP). On each task, the PP group received 12 physical trials; the MP group received one physical, nine mental, then two physical trials; and the NP group received one physical trial, a rest period, and then two physical trials. As predicted, the relative effectiveness of mental practice differed between the two tasks. On the low motor task there was no difference between MP and PP and both groups were superior to NP (p < .05). For the high motor task MP was no better than NP and PP was superior to both (p < .05). It was concluded that performance improvement through mental practice takes place predominantly within the cognitive aspects of motor skills.

scholarly journals The Effects of Imagery Interventions in Sports: A Meta-Analysis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bianca A. Simonsmeier ◽  
Melina Andronie ◽  
Susanne Buecker ◽  
Cornelia Frank
Keyword(s):  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Mental Practice ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Psychological Skills ◽  
Physical Practice ◽  
Comprehensive Overview ◽  
Affective Outcomes ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Specific Outcome ◽  
Meta Analyses

Imagery interventions are an established psychological tool to enhance performance, psychological skills, and injury rehabilitation. Previous meta-analyses found positive effects of mental practice on performance, leaving it open whether imagery can also enhance other outcomes than performance such as motivational or affective outcomes. We performed a meta-analysis to extend the current understanding of the effectiveness of imagery in sports on any sport specific outcome and the relevance of third variables potentially moderating the effect. The overall effect of imagery interventions was medium in magnitude with d = 0.431 (95% CI [0.298, 0.563]). Imagery interventions significantly enhanced motor performance, motivational outcomes, and affective outcomes. Imagery combined with physical practice was more effective than physical practice alone, indicating differential effects of imagery and physical practice. The effectiveness of imagery was positively associated with the intensity of the imagery training. We discuss our results against previous and most recent meta-analyses on mental practice and the background of theoretical and practical aspects of imagery. Moreover, we lay out directions for future research by providing a comprehensive overview of research gaps in the literature on imagery.

The Frequency and Quality of Measures Utilized in Federally-Sponsored Research on Children and Adolescents

1977 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 99-113
Author(s):  
Stephen P. Heyneman ◽  
Pamela Cope Mintz
Keyword(s):  
Poor Quality ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Federally Funded ◽  
Reading Tests ◽  
Sponsored Research ◽  
Principal Investigators ◽  
Frequency Of Use ◽  
Subject Areas ◽  
Test Category

Every test intended for use in FY ‘75 Federally-funded research on children or youth was placed on a list. The list eventually comprised the titles of 1,570 instruments. Some were mentioned by many principal investigators in their proposals; others were mentioned by only one. Some tests were highly respected instruments; others were not. The question pursued was whether there was a relationship between an instrument’s quality and the frequency with which it was used. To gain a sense of a measure’s quality, we utilized the numerical ratings published by the UCLA Center for the Study of Evaluation. For frequency of use we counted the number of times an instrument was mentioned in 3,538 research proposals on children or youth which are currently being sponsored by the Federal government. There is a positive relationship between the quality of tests and their frequency of use. But the degree is not equally strong from one test category to another. A preference for the better rated instruments is particularly evident with tests of academic achievement. More equivocal results appear with respect to tests of vocational skills and intelligence, though in certain respects researchers are definitely using the better of those available in these two categories. The anomaly lies in the categories of reading tests and tests of personality, where the higher rated of the tests have no better chance of being utilized than those judged to be of poor quality. All sponsored researchers need not use the same instruments. But the fact that there are particular subject areas such as in reading and personality where the higher rated tests are less likely to be used points to the need for special attention when choosing instruments for future research.

Self-Compassion and Quality of Life in Adults Who Stutter

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 2097-2108
Author(s):  
Robyn L. Croft ◽  
Courtney T. Byrd
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Social Connectedness ◽  
The Self ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Self Compassion ◽  
Adults Who Stutter ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Impact

Purpose The purpose of this study was to identify levels of self-compassion in adults who do and do not stutter and to determine whether self-compassion predicts the impact of stuttering on quality of life in adults who stutter. Method Participants included 140 adults who do and do not stutter matched for age and gender. All participants completed the Self-Compassion Scale. Adults who stutter also completed the Overall Assessment of the Speaker's Experience of Stuttering. Data were analyzed for self-compassion differences between and within adults who do and do not stutter and to predict self-compassion on quality of life in adults who stutter. Results Adults who do and do not stutter exhibited no significant differences in total self-compassion, regardless of participant gender. A simple linear regression of the total self-compassion score and total Overall Assessment of the Speaker's Experience of Stuttering score showed a significant, negative linear relationship of self-compassion predicting the impact of stuttering on quality of life. Conclusions Data suggest that higher levels of self-kindness, mindfulness, and social connectedness (i.e., self-compassion) are related to reduced negative reactions to stuttering, an increased participation in daily communication situations, and an improved overall quality of life. Future research should replicate current findings and identify moderators of the self-compassion–quality of life relationship.

The Relationship Between Interoception and Metacognition

2016 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 76-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Judith Meessen ◽  
Verena Mainz ◽  
Siegfried Gauggel ◽  
Eftychia Volz-Sidiropoulou ◽  
Stefan Sütterlin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Memory Performance ◽  
Memory Task ◽  
Demographic Characteristics ◽  
Metacognitive Awareness ◽  
Interoceptive Awareness ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Heartbeat Perception ◽  
Interoceptive Accuracy ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract. Recently, Garfinkel and Critchley (2013) proposed to distinguish between three facets of interoception: interoceptive sensibility, interoceptive accuracy, and interoceptive awareness. This pilot study investigated how these facets interrelate to each other and whether interoceptive awareness is related to the metacognitive awareness of memory performance. A sample of 24 healthy students completed a heartbeat perception task (HPT) and a memory task. Judgments of confidence were requested for each task. Participants filled in questionnaires assessing interoceptive sensibility, depression, anxiety, and socio-demographic characteristics. The three facets of interoception were found to be uncorrelated and interoceptive awareness was not related to metacognitive awareness of memory performance. Whereas memory performance was significantly related to metamemory awareness, interoceptive accuracy (HPT) and interoceptive awareness were not correlated. Results suggest that future research on interoception should assess all facets of interoception in order to capture the multifaceted quality of the construct.

Assessments of User Comments With “Alternative Views” as a Function of Media Trust

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Marlene Kunst
Keyword(s):  
Online Discussions ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Political Issues ◽  
Argument Quality ◽  
The Public ◽  
Mainstream Media ◽  
User Comments ◽  
Media Trust ◽  
Heuristic Information Processing

Abstract. Comments sections under news articles have become popular spaces for audience members to oppose the mainstream media’s perspective on political issues by expressing alternative views. This kind of challenge to mainstream discourses is a necessary element of proper deliberation. However, due to heuristic information processing and the public concern about disinformation online, readers of comments sections may be inherently skeptical about user comments that counter the views of mainstream media. Consequently, commenters with alternative views may participate in discussions from a position of disadvantage because their contributions are scrutinized particularly critically. Nevertheless, this effect has hitherto not been empirically established. To address this gap, a multifactorial, between-subjects experimental study ( N = 166) was conducted that investigated how participants assess the credibility and argument quality of media-dissonant user comments relative to media-congruent user comments. The findings revealed that media-dissonant user comments are, indeed, disadvantaged in online discussions, as they are assessed as less credible and more poorly argued than media-congruent user comments. Moreover, the findings showed that the higher the participants’ level of media trust, the worse the assessment of media-dissonant user comments relative to media-congruent user comments. Normative implications and avenues for future research are discussed.

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