Amphetamine use and psychiatric admissions: a 10-year perspective

2021 ◽  
pp. 103985622110142
Author(s):  
Jai Nathani ◽  
Richard W Morris ◽  
Nicholas Glozier ◽  
Grant Sara
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Psychotic Disorder ◽  
Retrospective Cohort Study ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Service Use ◽  
Psychotic Disorders ◽  
Multivariate Tests ◽  
Psychiatric Admissions ◽  
Amphetamine Treatment ◽  
Amphetamine Use

Objective: We aimed to (i) describe the 10-year trend in admissions associated with amphetamine use, (ii) describe the distinguishing characteristics of people with an amphetamine-related diagnosis (ARD) and (iii) examine predictors of repeated admissions among people with an ARD. Method: We conducted a retrospective cohort study. We (i) counted the number of admissions with an ARD and evaluated any trends, and using univariate and multivariate tests, (ii) compared those who had an ARD with those who did not and (iii) compared those with an ARD who had one, two to four, and five or more admissions. Results: Admissions associated with amphetamine use increased between 2009 and 2015. Those with an ARD had significant differences in demographics, diagnosis and pattern of service use relative to those without an ARD. Amongst those with an ARD, a higher number of admissions was positively associated with a schizophrenia diagnosis but inversely associated with a transient psychotic disorder diagnosis. Conclusions: The increase in admissions associated with amphetamine use indicates that people with an ARD posed major demands on inpatient services. Targeting amphetamine treatment to those with psychotic disorders, both schizophrenia and transient psychotic disorders, may reduce hospital-related costs and re-admissions.

scholarly journals Retrospective cohort study of breast cancer incidence, health service use and outcomes in Europe: a study of feasibility

2017 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 327-332 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda J Williams ◽  
Eilidh Fletcher ◽  
Anne Douglas ◽  
Elaine D C Anderson ◽  
Alison McCallum ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Health Service ◽  
Cancer Incidence ◽  
Retrospective Cohort Study ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Service Use ◽  
Breast Cancer Incidence ◽  
Health Service Use

scholarly journals Adherence to Antipsychotic Drugs by Medication Possession Ratio for Schizophrenia and Similar Psychotic Disorders in the Republic of Korea: A Retrospective Cohort Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sung Joon Cho ◽  
Jungmee Kim ◽  
Jin Yong Lee ◽  
Jee Hoon Sohn
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Hospital Admission ◽  
Psychiatric Hospital ◽  
Economic Burden ◽  
Retrospective Cohort Study ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Antipsychotic Drugs ◽  
Psychotic Disorders ◽  
Medication Possession Ratio ◽  
Medical Aid

Abstract Background: Pharmacotherapy is considered as an essential element in the treatment of schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders. Discontinuation of antipsychotic drugs increases medical use and economic burden, such as worsening of symptoms, recurrence, and hospitalization. Therefore, maintenance of drug treatment is essential to reduce the social burden caused by schizophrenia and SSP, and hence, it is important to analyze not only the incidence rate of the disorders, but also investigate the rate at which pharmacotherapy is maintained. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the current status of drug compliance using national health insurance data. Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study, which analyzed data from the nationwide insurance claims database. A total of 343,134 patients who were newly diagnosed with schizophrenia and schizophrenia similar psychosis (SSP) during 2011−2015. The adherence to antipsychotic drugs was assessed by medication possession ratio (MPR) and the risk factors of poor adherence were defined as MPR <40%.Results: The average of the MPRs among these patients was 45.8%, and the proportion of patients with less than 40% of MPR was 50.8%. It was found that female patients, the experience of “psychiatric hospital outpatient,” the experience of “psychiatric hospital admission,” the experience of “general hospital admission,” and patients receiving “medical aid” showed less risk of having statistically significant low MPR (< 40%).Conclusions: In this study, the drug adherence of schizophrenia and SSP patients currently under treatment, as estimated by MPR, was very low. However, it was also found that the MPR was high among patients receiving medical aid, with less medical expenses that they have to pay for themselves. Thus, it is possible to consider an institutional mechanism in which schizophrenia and SSP patients can be treated with less economic burden.

scholarly journals The Incidence of Psychotic Disorders and Area-level Marginalization in Ontario, Canada: A Population-based Retrospective Cohort Study

2021 ◽  
pp. 070674372110118
Author(s):  
Martin Rotenberg ◽  
Andrew Tuck ◽  
Kelly K. Anderson ◽  
Kwame McKenzie
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Retrospective Cohort Study ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Psychotic Disorders ◽  
Geographic Location ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Incident Cases ◽  
The Impact

Background: There is limited Canadian evidence on the impact of socio-environmental factors on psychosis risk. We sought to examine the relationship between area-level indicators of marginalization and the incidence of psychotic disorders in Ontario. Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study of all people aged 14 to 40 years living in Ontario in 1999 using health administrative data and identified incident cases of psychotic disorders over a 10-year follow-up period. Age-standardized incidence rates were estimated for census metropolitan areas (CMAs). Poisson regression models adjusting for age and sex were used to calculate incidence rate ratios (IRRs) based on CMA and area-level marginalization indices. Results: There is variation in the incidence of psychotic disorders across the CMAs. Our findings suggest a higher rate of psychotic disorders in areas with the highest levels of residential instability (IRR = 1.26, 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.18 to 1.35), material deprivation (IRR = 1.30, 95% CI, 1.16 to 1.45), ethnic concentration (IRR = 1.61, 95% CI, 1.38 to 1.89), and dependency (IRR = 1.35, 95% CI, 1.18 to 1.54) when compared to areas with the lowest levels of marginalization. Marginalization attenuates the risk in some CMAs. Conclusions: There is geographic variation in the incidence of psychotic disorders across the province of Ontario. Areas with greater levels of marginalization have a higher incidence of psychotic disorders, and marginalization attenuates the differences in risk across geographic location. With further study, replication, and the use of the most up-to-date data, a case may be made to consider social policy interventions as preventative measures and to direct services to areas with the highest risk. Future research should examine how marginalization may interact with other social factors including ethnicity and immigration.

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