Multivariate GWAS of Structural Dental Anomalies and Dental Caries in a Multi-Ethnic Cohort

Odontogenesis is a complex process, where disruption can result in dental anomalies and/or increase the risk of developing dental caries. Based on previous studies, certain dental anomalies tend to co-occur in patients, suggesting that these traits may share common genetic and etiological components. The main goal of this study was to implement a multivariate genome wide association study approach to identify genetic variants shared between correlated structural dental anomalies and dental caries. Our cohort (N = 3,579) was derived from the Pittsburgh Orofacial Clefts Study, where multiple dental traits were assessed in both the unaffected relatives of orofacial cleft (OFC) cases (n = 2,187) and unaffected controls (n = 1,392). We identified four multivariate patterns of correlated traits in this data: tooth agenesis, impaction, and rotation (AIR); enamel hypoplasia, displacement, and rotation (HDR); displacement, rotation, and mamelon (DRM); and dental caries, tooth agenesis and enamel hypoplasia (CAH). We analyzed each of these four models using genome-wide multivariate tests of association. No genome-wide statistically significant results were found, but we identified multiple suggestive association signals (P ≤ 10−5) near genes with known biological roles during tooth development, including ADAMTS9 and PRICKLE2 associated with AIR; GLIS3, WDR72, and ROR2 associated with HDR and DRM; ROBO2 associated with DRM; BMP7 associated with HDR; and ROBO1, SMAD2, and MSX2 associated with CAH. This is the first study to investigative genetic associations for multivariate patterns of correlated dental anomalies and dental caries. Further studies are needed to replicate these results in independent cohorts.

THE CONCEPT OF TEACHING MATHEMATICS IN THE 1ST GRADE OF A GENERAL EDUCATION SCHOOL

The teaching of mathematics should reflect the global trends in the development of mathematical and pedagogical scientific thought. The authors develop guidelines for studying mathematics in the 1st grade based on the Federal State Educational Standard. Thus, the structure and the form of the textbook content are described by chapter. The theoretical part should allow students to complete screening questions, univariate and multivariate tests, problems, and exercises. Each chapter of the developed textbook is divided into paragraphs, and each paragraph is divided into items. One item of theoretical material contains either a new idea to study or a set of interrelated concepts that define a new idea. According to this, it is possible to form mathematical knowledge trajectories. So, there are broad opportunities to transform knowledge elements into multimedia forms, including presentations, videos, test modules, and other newly emerging means of representation and visualization, using the achievements of artificial intelligence. It is possible to define main themes such as natural numbers counting, acquaintance with geometric shapes, comparison of objects in the value and quantity, acquaintance with a squared paper and measurement standards, the study of objects position, the sets consideration, introduction to the algorithm concept can. The authors’ conceptual directions of teaching mathematics in the 1st grade provide the foundation for mathematical education in general education schools for all the years of study.

Tracing Motivations: A Comparative Analysis of Lone-Actor Terrorism and Rampage Shootings in North America and Europe Between 2010-2018

<p>Lone-actor terrorism and rampage shooting events attract a substantial amount of interest and concern from scholars, the public, and the media. Empirical research on lone-actor terrorism from a criminological perspective to date is limited, and it is crucial to investigate what is known about these incidents to further our understanding of these relatively rare but extremely high-impact events. The current research aims to investigate key differences between lone-actor terrorists and rampage shooters on a wide range of characteristics, and seeks to explore whether there are similar underlying mechanisms for these events. Little is known about the comparative nature of these events worldwide, and the present study addresses this gap in knowledge by offering the first quantitative analysis of lone-actor terrorism and rampage shooting incidents in North America and Europe within the recent time period of 2010-2018. An open-source data collection strategy was employed and searches of online databases and additional materials were undertaken to gather information on incidents, which resulted in a comprehensive sample of 155 perpetrators who were responsible for 134 incidents. To compare characteristics between groups, a series of bivariate and multivariate tests were conducted through SPSS, which allowed for conclusions to be drawn based upon statistical analysis of the data. The current study found significant differences between groups on a wide range of variables. Results revealed that the majority of lone-actor terrorism incidents occurred across Europe, whereas rampage shootings were more likely to occur within North America. Rampage shootings were more likely to involve the use of firearms compared to lone-actor terrorism incidents, whereas lone-actor terrorism incidents were more likely to involve the use of explosives and vehicles. Additionally, lone-actor terrorists were more likely to commit an attack as a result of political and/or religious motivations, whereas rampage shooters were more likely to be motivated by emotional triggers, relationship and/or domestic issues, and personal grievances. These findings offer insights into the underlying mechanisms of these events and the various behaviours and experiences of lone-actor terrorists and rampage shooters. Future research into these areas could lead to important prevention implications, and could be used to monitor and reduce lone-actor terrorism and rampage shooting events.</p>

Tracing Motivations: A Comparative Analysis of Lone-Actor Terrorism and Rampage Shootings in North America and Europe Between 2010-2018

<p>Lone-actor terrorism and rampage shooting events attract a substantial amount of interest and concern from scholars, the public, and the media. Empirical research on lone-actor terrorism from a criminological perspective to date is limited, and it is crucial to investigate what is known about these incidents to further our understanding of these relatively rare but extremely high-impact events. The current research aims to investigate key differences between lone-actor terrorists and rampage shooters on a wide range of characteristics, and seeks to explore whether there are similar underlying mechanisms for these events. Little is known about the comparative nature of these events worldwide, and the present study addresses this gap in knowledge by offering the first quantitative analysis of lone-actor terrorism and rampage shooting incidents in North America and Europe within the recent time period of 2010-2018. An open-source data collection strategy was employed and searches of online databases and additional materials were undertaken to gather information on incidents, which resulted in a comprehensive sample of 155 perpetrators who were responsible for 134 incidents. To compare characteristics between groups, a series of bivariate and multivariate tests were conducted through SPSS, which allowed for conclusions to be drawn based upon statistical analysis of the data. The current study found significant differences between groups on a wide range of variables. Results revealed that the majority of lone-actor terrorism incidents occurred across Europe, whereas rampage shootings were more likely to occur within North America. Rampage shootings were more likely to involve the use of firearms compared to lone-actor terrorism incidents, whereas lone-actor terrorism incidents were more likely to involve the use of explosives and vehicles. Additionally, lone-actor terrorists were more likely to commit an attack as a result of political and/or religious motivations, whereas rampage shooters were more likely to be motivated by emotional triggers, relationship and/or domestic issues, and personal grievances. These findings offer insights into the underlying mechanisms of these events and the various behaviours and experiences of lone-actor terrorists and rampage shooters. Future research into these areas could lead to important prevention implications, and could be used to monitor and reduce lone-actor terrorism and rampage shooting events.</p>

Study on the development of a machine to prepare the soil for cotton sowing on ridges

The aim of this paper is to create a combined machine for planning the soil for sowing cotton on the edges. A total for the execution of the innovation of planning the soil for sowing cotton on the edges was developed, which comprises of a dump deep-dredger with a slanted rack and a comb-maker. The essential standards and strategies of classical mechanics, numerical examination and measurements were utilized in this paper. The plan conspire of the combined unit is advocated. The following results were obtained from the outcomes of multivariate tests set up: the width of the ripper within the extend of 10.5-11.03 cm, the disintegrating point of 27°, the point of establishment of the plowshare edge to the heading of movement of 31°. The arrangement of edges of the desired degree with negligible vitality utilization is given with a width and length of the deep-dredger bit, separately, of 5 and 20 cm, edge hold width of 21 cm, the length of its wing within the run of 47-49 cm, and a least longitudinal.

Lymphocyte Ratios Progressively Worsen in Non-Survivors of COVID-19

Background: Brazil became the South American epicenter for coronavirus disease (COVID-19) soon after the first case was diagnosed in February 2020 with the highest infection rate occurring in the state of Sao Paulo. COVID-19 is characterized by marked thrombo-inflammation mechanisms, and neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) among many clinical and laboratory data, is becoming an inflammatory marker of severity and mortality of COVID-19. We evaluated the serial weekly lymphocyte ratios, which are easily derivable from the routine blood counts, in the survivors and non-survivors of COVID-19 at the Clinical Hospital of University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil, from time of diagnosis to the 3 rd week of care. This hospital is one of the referral centers for COVID-19 patients in this state. Methods: In this retrospective study, we reviewed the medical notes of 320 adults hospitalized patients with PCR-confirmed COVID-19 at the Clinical Hospital of UNICAMP, from March 2020 to March 2021. The serial weekly hematological parameters (analyzed using automated counter - XN 9000™, Sysmex, Japan) from the time of diagnosis were analyzed and lymphocytes ratios (neutrophil-lymphocyte, NLR, platelet-lymphocyte PLR, and monocyte-lymphocyte MLR) were calculated. The survivors (n=257) were those who recovered from the disease and were discharged from the hospital, while the non-survivors (n=63) were those who died in the course of treatment. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS (version 22). Unpaired data of Survivors and Non-survivors with COVID-19 were compared using Mann-Whitney tests. Repeated measures were compared within and between groups using univariate and multivariate tests in general linear models. All results were considered significant if p&lt;0.05. Results: Of the 320 patients, 257 (80.3%) were survivors and had lower mean age than the non-survivors (57.73 vs 64.65 years, p&lt;0.001). At diagnosis, the non-survivors had a lower lymphocyte count (p=0.002), basophil count (p=0.049), and hematocrit (p=0.021) than the survivors, Table 1. We used general linear models for repeated measures and corrected for the patients who did not stay long enough to have a complete series of blood counts, Figure 1 A-G. Multivariate tests between the survivor and non-survivor groups showed significant variations with serial weekly lymphocyte count (p&lt;0.001), neutrophil count (P=0.005), NLR (p=0.009), MLR (p=0.010), and PLR (p=0.035) but not with the weekly monocyte count (p=0.352) and platelet count (p=0.505). The NLR was higher and PLR was lower in the non-survivors at diagnosis (p&lt;0.001 and p=0.047 respectively), both were higher in the 2 nd week post-diagnosis (p&lt;0.001 and 0.043 respectively), and in the 3 rd week (p&lt;0.001 and p=0.043 respectively) (Figure 1D and E). The MLR was not significantly different at diagnosis but became elevated in the following two weeks post-diagnosis (p=0.09, p=0.022, and p&lt;0.001 respectively) (Figure 1F). Conclusions: The non-survivors were older and their NLR and MLR tend to increase from the time of diagnosis while their PLR tend to decrease after the 2 nd week post-COVID-19 diagnosis and treatment. On the other hand, all three ratios significantly decrease in the survivors. While neutrophilia and lymphopenia improved in the survivor, they worsen in non-survivors. These cells may have contributed towards the recovery by ameliorating the inflammatory response in survivors, and death by worsening the response in non-survivors of COVID-19. This study shows that serial lymphocyte count, neutrophil count, NLR, PLR, and MLR could serve as good and easily accessible markers of outcomes in patients with COVID-19 and could be used for monitoring of response to treatment. Figure 1 Figure 1. Disclosures Costa: Novartis: Consultancy.

Intervention of Anxiety Self-Therapy Education Media on Clients with Coronary Heart Disease (MD-TEMANKU/MD-MY FRIEND)

This research affects the development of independent abilities of clients with coronary heart disease/CHD, in order to reduce the risk of severe occurrence of heart attacks at home due to anxiety with self-relaxation with Video MD-My Friend. This type of research design is an action research with video media, namely MD-My Friend., to 200 CHD clients in the community with a study period of 8 months, using heart rate measurements and anxiety instruments, and univariate analysis, to assess the characteristics of related variables. And bivariate analysis, continued with multivariate analysis on the influence of three meaningful variables. Based on the results of multivariate tests found that the age of the client of CHD affects knowledge, skills and self-recovery in CHD treatment on the application of MD-My Friend with P Value 0.001. Worsening of health conditions in coronary heart disease clients who are at risk 6 times with anxiety experienced. So it can be predicted that the risk of death from CHD cases will increase. As a physiological response that threatens a person's internal physiological state or psychological well-being, anxiety can intervene independently in a good and correct way. Therefore MD-My Friend as one of the alternatives to self-intervention in the Client CHD in order to be able to reduce his anxious condition, which also affects the condition of the CHD. MD-My Friend’s video has been shown to have an effect on knowledge, Skills and self-recovery are meaningful.

Phytochemistry reflects different evolutionary history in traditional classes versus specialized structural motifs

Foundational hypotheses addressing plant–insect codiversification and plant defense theory typically assume a macroevolutionary pattern whereby closely related plants have similar chemical profiles. However, numerous studies have documented variation in the degree of phytochemical trait lability, raising the possibility that phytochemical evolution is more nuanced than initially assumed. We utilize proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) data, chemical classification, and double digest restriction-site associated DNA sequencing (ddRADseq) to resolve evolutionary relationships and characterize the evolution of secondary chemistry in the Neotropical plant clade Radula (Piper; Piperaceae). Sequencing data substantially improved phylogenetic resolution relative to past studies, and spectroscopic characterization revealed the presence of 35 metabolite classes. Metabolite classes displayed phylogenetic signal, whereas the crude 1H NMR spectra featured little evidence of phylogenetic signal in multivariate tests of chemical resonances. Evolutionary correlations were detected in two pairs of compound classes (flavonoids with chalcones; p-alkenyl phenols with kavalactones), where the gain or loss of a class was dependent on the other’s state. Overall, the evolution of secondary chemistry in Radula is characterized by strong phylogenetic signal of traditional compound classes and weak phylogenetic signal of specialized chemical motifs, consistent with both classic evolutionary hypotheses and recent examinations of phytochemical evolution in young lineages.

CONCEPTUAL GUIDELINES OF TEACHING MATHEMATICS IN THE 1ST GRADE OF A GENERAL EDUCATION SCHOOL

Преподавание математики, начиная с начальной школы, должно отражать общемировые тенденции развития математической и педагогической научной мысли и представлять собой проекцию математической науки на школьное обучение. Авторы разрабатывают направления обучения математике в 1-м классе на основании Федерального государственного образовательного стандарта с учетом разбиений на элементы знаний. На основании этого описывается структура и формирование содержания разрабатываемого учебника по главам. Теоретическая часть должна позволять учащимся получать ответы на контрольные вопросы, помогать решать одновариантные и многовариантные тесты, задачи и упражнения. Определяемые авторами концептуальные направления обучения математике в 1-м классе обеспечивают формирование фундамента вертикали математического образования в 11-х классах общеобразовательной школы. The teaching of mathematics should reflect the global trends in the development of mathematical and pedagogical scientific thoughts. The authors develop guidelines of studying mathematics in the 1st grade on the basis of the Federal State Educational Standard, taking into account the partitions into knowledge elements. Thus, the structure and the formation of the being developed textbook content by chapters are described. The theoretical part should allow to students to get answers to control questions, univariate and multivariate tests, problems and exercises. Each chapter of the being developed textbook is divided into paragraphs, each paragraph is divided into items. One item of theoretical material contains either one new idea to study, or a set of interrelated concepts that define one new idea to study. According to this it is possible to form the mathematical knowledge trajectories. So, there are broad opportunities to transform knowledge elements into multimedia forms, including presentations, videos, test modules and other newly emerging means of representation and visualization, using the achievements of artificial intelligence. There can be defined such main directions as natural numbers counting, acquaintance with geometric shapes, comparison of objects in the value and quantity, acquaintance with a squared paper and measurement standards, the study of objects position, the sets consideration, introduction to the algorithm concept. The conceptual directions of teaching mathematics in the 1st grade determined by the authors provide the foundation for the vertical of mathematical education in the 1–11th grades of general education schools.