Evaluation of a Test for Clostridium Difficile Toxins A and B for the Diagnosis of Neonatal Swine Enteritis

2002 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 258-259 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen W. Post ◽  
B. Helen Jost ◽  
J. Glenn Songer
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Clostridium Difficile ◽  
Enzyme Immunoassay ◽  
Sensitivity And Specificity ◽  
Cytotoxicity Assay ◽  
Reference Standard ◽  
Predictive Values ◽  
Fecal Samples ◽  
History Of

A commercially available 1-hour enzyme immunoassay (EIA) for detecting the presence of Clostridium difficile toxins A and B was evaluated for use in diagnosis of C. difficile infections in neonatal swine. This test was compared with a tissue culture cytotoxicity assay, which is considered to be the reference standard for the detection of C. difficile toxins. Twenty-seven samples of colonic contents and 23 fecal samples were collected from freshly euthanized neonatal swine with a history of scours. Of the 50 specimens tested, 20 were positive by the EIA test and tissue culture and 24 were negative by both tests, for an overall correlation of 88%. The sensitivity and specificity of the EIA were 91% and 86%, respectively, and the positive and negative predictive values were 84% and 86%, respectively. The EIA test is considered suitable as an aid for the diagnosis of C. difficile enteritis because of the high correlation between EIA results and those of the tissue culture cytotoxicity assay.

scholarly journals Clinical Usefulness of Components of the Triage Immunoassay, Enzyme Immunoassay for Toxins A and B, and Cytotoxin B Tissue Culture Assay for the Diagnosis of Clostridium difficile Diarrhea

2003 ◽  
Vol 119 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Viki Massey, ART ◽  
Zafar Hussain, MD, FRCP(C) ◽  
Daniel B. Gregson, MD, FRCP(C) ◽  
Michael A. John, MBChB, FRCP(C) ◽  
Abdul H. Chagla, PhD ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Clostridium Difficile ◽  
Enzyme Immunoassay ◽  
Clinical Usefulness

scholarly journals Evaluation of real-time PCR and conventional diagnostic methods for the detection of Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhoea in a prospective multicentre study

2007 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renate J. van den Berg ◽  
Norbert Vaessen ◽  
Hubert P. Endtz ◽  
Tanja Schülin ◽  
Eric R. van der Vorm ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clostridium Difficile ◽  
Multicentre Study ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Real Time Pcr ◽  
Cytotoxicity Assay ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Cell Cytotoxicity ◽  
Predictive Values ◽  
Prospective Multicentre Study ◽  
Faecal Samples

In this prospective multicentre study, an enzyme-linked fluorescent assay (VIDAS CDA2; bioMérieux), an enzyme-linked assay [Premier Toxins A and B (PTAB); Meridian] and an in-house real-time PCR amplifying the tcdB gene were compared with the cell cytotoxicity assay used as the ‘gold standard’ for diagnosis of Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhoea (CDAD). Faecal samples from patients with a request for C. difficile diagnosis and samples from patients with diarrhoea hospitalized for at least 72 h were collected for 3 consecutive months from four university medical centres in The Netherlands. In total, 547 faecal samples were obtained from 450 patients. Of 540 samples available for all of the assays, 84 (15.6 %) showed a positive result in one or more assays. The cell cytotoxicity assay was positive in 31 samples (5.7 %) from 28 patients. A diagnosis of CDAD was not considered by the physician in 5 (23.8 %) of 21 patients with CDAD who were hospitalized for at least 72 h. Compared with the cell cytotoxicity assay, the sensitivity of VIDAS, PTAB and PCR was 83.9, 96.8 and 87.1 %, respectively. The specificity of VIDAS, PTAB and PCR was 97.1, 94.3 and 96.5 %, respectively. The positive and negative predictive values for VIDAS, PTAB and PCR were 63.4 and 99.0 %, 50.9 and 99.8 %, and 60.0 and 99.2 %, respectively. Of 61 samples that were positive in one, two or three of the assays, 56 were available for discordance analysis. Discordance analysis was performed by culture of toxinogenic strains. The concordance of VIDAS, PTAB and PCR with culture was 53.6 % (30/56), 55.4 % (31/56) and 71.4 % (40/56), respectively. It was concluded that real-time PCR had the highest concordance with toxinogenic culture and is therefore the preferred method for diagnosing CDAD in faecal samples. It was also concluded that diagnosis of patients with diarrhoea who have been hospitalized for more than 72 h should focus mainly on the detection of C. difficile, irrespective of the physician's request.

scholarly journals Performance of Xpert® MTB/RIF in diagnosing tuberculous pleuritis using thoracoscopic pleural biopsy

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chengjun Li ◽  
Chang Liu ◽  
Bingqi Sun ◽  
Wei Zhang ◽  
Yang Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sensitivity And Specificity ◽  
Reference Standard ◽  
Pleural Biopsy ◽  
Predictive Values ◽  
Biopsy Specimens ◽  
Biopsy Tissue ◽  
Liquid Culture System ◽  
Tissue Specimens ◽  
Composite Reference Standard ◽  
Rule Out

Abstract Background Etiological diagnosis of tuberculous pleuritis is challenging, owing to a paucity of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) in the affected region. Moreover, currently available methods, such as the detection of acid-fast bacilli and microbiological culture, are not always conducive to timely diagnosis and treatment. In this study, we evaluated the performance of Xpert® MTB/RIF assay (hereinafter referred to as “Xpert”) in detecting MTB in difficult-to-diagnose patients using suspensions of pleural biopsy tissue specimens obtained under direct thoracoscopic guidance. Methods One hundred and sixty patients with an unexplained pleural effusion were included from the Shenyang Tenth People’s Hospital and Shenyang Chest Hospital, China, between 2017 and 2018. The included patients underwent thoracoscopy under local anesthesia, with an intercostal incision of approximately 1.0 cm for biopsy. The biopsy specimens were used for pathological and etiological examinations. The Xpert test was evaluated for its sensitivity and specificity, as well as positive and negative predictive values (PPV and NPV, respectively), against data obtained using standards: the BACTEC™ MGIT™ 960 liquid culture system and a composite reference standard (CRS). Results The sensitivity and specificity of Xpert were 68.8 and 64.6%, respectively, against the MGIT 960 culture data. The PPV and NPV of Xpert were 56.4 and 75.6%, respectively. The sensitivity of Xpert was 69.0% against the CRS data, which was significantly higher than that of MGIT 960 culture (56.6%). The PPV and NPV of Xpert against the CRS data were 100.0 and 57.3%, respectively. Conclusions Xpert is a good rule-in test but has limited value as a rule-out test for the diagnosis of tuberculosis pleuritis.

scholarly journals A comparison of self-reported data on disability pension status with data from a nationwide administrative register

2010 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ingeborg Hartz ◽  
Aage Tverdal ◽  
Svetlana Skurtveit
Keyword(s):  
Positive Predictive Value ◽  
Sensitivity And Specificity ◽  
Disability Pension ◽  
Reference Standard ◽  
Total Study Population ◽  
Predictive Values ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Validity Measures ◽  
Reported Data ◽  
Low Prevalence

<p><strong><em>Objectives: </em></strong>Validation studies of self-reported disability pension status have been scarce. The objective of this study was to estimate the sensitivity and specificity, as well as positive and negative predictive values of self-reported disability pension status using an official administrative register as reference standard.</p><p><strong><em>Methods: </em></strong>Data from Cohort of Norway (CONOR) surveys conducted in 2001 in the three Norwegian counties Oslo (HUBRO), Hedmark and Oppland (OPPHED) are included in this study, altogether 17,244 individuals. At the time of investigation, the subjects included in our study-population were aged 30-31, 40-41, 45-47 and 59-61 years. Self-reported data on disability pension status was compared with data from the nationwide population and housing census in Norway (Statistics Norway), performed November 3rd 2001. Data were linked using the unique 11-digit identification number, assigned to all individuals living in Norway.</p><p><strong><em>Results: </em></strong>Sensitivity and specificity for self-reported questions on disability pension were 97.6% (95% CI 91.1-94.1) and 96.8% (96.5-97.1). Positive and negative predictive values were 70.1% (67.9-72.3) and 99.8% (99.7-99.9). Validity measures in a subpopulation, those surveyed in October-November 2001, were almost identical as for the total study-population surveyed in 2001.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The sensitivity of self-reported disability pension status was high. The positive predictive value was lower which may reflect a low prevalence.</p>

scholarly journals Detection ofClostridium difficiletoxins by enzyme immunoassay

1986 ◽  
Vol 96 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Krishnan
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Clostridium Difficile ◽  
Enzyme Immunoassay ◽  
Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
False Positive ◽  
Rapid Diagnosis ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Cytotoxicity Test ◽  
Clostridial Species ◽  
Bacteria Removal

SUMMARYAn enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the rapid diagnosis of antibiotic-associated colitis (AAC) is presented. Commercially available antisera toClostridium difficiletoxins contain antibodies to other antigens found in non-toxigenicC. difficileand other bacteria. Removal of these unwanted antibodies by absorption increased the specificity of ELISA for detection ofC. difficiletoxins. Specimens tested included 40 faecal extracts positive for cytotoxicity from cases of AAC, 30 diarrhoeic and 30 well-formed stools negative for cytotoxicity and 50 culture filtrates of toxigenic and non-toxigenicC. difficileand other clostridial species. Use of absorbed sera reduced false-positive reactions observed with faecal specimens frqm 23 to 8 %. About 90 % of specimens that were positive by the tissue culture cytotoxicity test were positive by ELISA using the absorbed sera. The relative merits of ELISA and other methods for the rapid diagnosis of AAC are discussed.

scholarly journals Comparison of the Vidas C. difficile GDH Automated Enzyme-Linked Fluorescence Immunoassay (ELFA) with Another Commercial Enzyme Immunoassay (EIA) (Quik Chek-60), Two Selective Media, and a PCR Assay forgluDfor Detection of Clostridium difficile in Fecal Samples

2015 ◽  
Vol 53 (6) ◽  
pp. 1931-1934 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. A. Davies ◽  
C. E. Berry ◽  
K. A. Morris ◽  
R. Smith ◽  
S. Young ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clostridium Difficile ◽  
Enzyme Immunoassay ◽  
Glutamate Dehydrogenase ◽  
Fluorescence Immunoassay ◽  
Pcr Assay ◽  
Two Stage ◽  
Fecal Samples ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Selective Media ◽  
Commercial Enzyme Immunoassay

Prevention and management ofClostridium difficileinfection (CDI) can be improved by rapid and reliable diagnostics. The VidasC. difficileglutamate dehydrogenase assay had performance comparable to that of the Quik Chek-60 assay (overall agreement, 95%) and a sensitivity of >93%; thus, it is suitable as the first test in two-stage algorithms for a CDI diagnosis.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document