Pathology of cryptosporidiosis in raccoons: case series and retrospective analysis, 1990–2019

Cryptosporidiosis is an intestinal protozoal disease of public health importance caused by Cryptosporidium spp. Despite the high synanthropism of raccoons, studies describing the pathology of Cryptosporidium spp. infections in this species are lacking. Therefore, we characterized the pathology of cryptosporidiosis in 2 juvenile raccoons. In addition, we conducted a retrospective search of the database of the California Animal Health and Food Safety laboratory for 1990–2019 and found 6 additional cases of cryptosporidiosis in raccoons. Sequencing of cryptosporidia was performed in one autopsied raccoon, and PCR on formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues in archived cases. The Cryptosporidium skunk genotype (CSkG), a strain of zoonotic relevance, was detected in 6 of 8 cases (75%). Frequently, cryptosporidiosis was associated with enteritis, eosinophilic infiltrates, villus atrophy or blunting and/or fusion, and crypt abscesses or necrosis. In 7 of the 8 cases, there was confirmed concurrent coinfection with canine distemper virus; 1 case was coinfected with canine parvovirus. Although crypt necrosis is considered a classic lesion of canine parvoviral infection in mesocarnivores and not a hallmark of cryptosporidiosis, results suggest that canine distemper virus is capable of mimicking such lesions in combination with cryptosporidia and immunosuppression.

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Immunohistochemical Detection of Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus Antigen in Formalin-Fixed, Paraffin-Embedded Tissues with Correlation to Clinicopathologic Data

KnE Life Sciences ◽

10.18502/kls.v3i6.1134 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 3 (6) ◽

pp. 252

Author(s):

Lavina Gracia G. Manzano

Keyword(s):

Animal Health ◽

Virus Antigen ◽

The Philippines ◽

Respiratory Syndrome Virus ◽

Tissue Samples ◽

Follicular Hyperplasia ◽

Prrs Virus ◽

Formalin Fixed Paraffin ◽

Formalin Fixed Paraffin Embedded ◽

Formalin Fixed

Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was used in this study to detect the presence of porcine reproductive and respiratory virus (PRRSV) antigen using monoclonal antibody (Mab SDOW17) in formalin-fixed, paraffin embedded tissues of lung, lymph node, heart, spleen, and kidney of pre- weaning to less than 90 day old pigs. Out of the 25 tissue samples examined from swine cases of the Philippine Animal Health Center (PAHC), Bureau of Animal Industry and College of Veterinary Medicine (CVM) Histopathology Laboratory, University of the Philippines-Los Baños (UPLB), 14 or 56% (14/25) were IHC positive for PRRSV antigen. Among the selected tissue samples, the PRRS virus was detected the most in the lymph nodes (64%) and lungs (40%), respectively, compared to other organs such as spleen (33%), kidney (28%), and the heart (17%). Only 43% (6/14) of cases coincided with the pathogenesis and clinicopathologic lesions of PRRS which are proliferative interstitial pneumonia and lymphoid follicular hyperplasia and necrosis. PRRS positive cases in IHC were consistently found to have co-infections with viral and bacterial diseases. Since PRRSV has tropism for macrophages and destruction of these cells leads to immunosuppression, affected animals are vulnerable to secondary infections. Keywords: formalin-fixed; immunohistochemistry; paraffin embedded tissue; piglets; Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome; PRRS virus antigen; Mab SDOW17

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Pathology of coccidioidomycosis in llamas and alpacas

Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation ◽

10.1177/1040638718777282 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 30 (4) ◽

pp. 560-564 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Julian A. Fernandez ◽

Mireia N. Hidalgo ◽

Emir Hodzic ◽

Santiago S. Diab ◽

Francisco A. Uzal

Keyword(s):

Food Safety ◽

Animal Health ◽

Large Percentage ◽

Anecdotal Evidence ◽

Coccidioides Immitis ◽

Coccidioides Posadasii ◽

Pcr Assay ◽

Formalin Fixed Paraffin ◽

Formalin Fixed Paraffin Embedded ◽

Formalin Fixed

Coccidioidomycosis is a fungal disease caused by either Coccidioides immitis or Coccidioides posadasii. Anecdotal evidence suggests that camelids are particularly susceptible to this disease and that a relatively large percentage of pneumonias in these animals are caused by Coccidioides spp. In a search of 21 y (1992–2013) of records from the California Animal Health and Food Safety Laboratory, we found 79 cases of coccidioidomycosis diagnosed in camelids; 66 (84%) had pneumonia and 13 (16%) had lesions only in organs other than the lungs. The organs most frequently affected were lung (84%) and liver (78%). Coccidioides spp. were the cause of pneumonia in 66 of 362 (18%) camelid cases during the study period. The lesions in affected organs were multifocal-to-coalescing pyogranulomas, which in most cases were visible grossly. Ten of the 12 formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded lung samples tested by a universal Coccidioides spp. PCR assay were positive (4 C. immitis, 2 C. posadasii); the species could not be determined in 4 of the 10 cases positive by PCR. Coccidioidomycosis is an important cause of pneumonia in camelids in California, and can be caused by either C. immitis or C. posadasii.

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Immunohistochemical Diagnosis of Eastern Equine Encephalomyelitis

Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation ◽

10.1177/104063879600800203 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 8 (2) ◽

pp. 156-160 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

Jon S. Patterson ◽

Roger K. Maes ◽

Thomas P. Mullaney ◽

Cherie L. Benson

Keyword(s):

Virus Isolation ◽

Animal Health ◽

Virus Antigen ◽

Normal Brain ◽

Formalin Fixed Paraffin ◽

Formalin Fixed Paraffin Embedded ◽

The Brain ◽

Formalin Fixed ◽

Brain Tissues ◽

Eastern Equine Encephalomyelitis

An immunohistochemical (IHC) assay was developed for the detection of eastern equine encephalomyelitis (EEE) virus antigen in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues. All cases of EEE diagnosed at the Michigan State University Animal Health Diagnostic Laboratory from 1991 through 1994 were evaluated. The diagnosis was based on histopathologic examination of the brain and confirmatory virus isolation. Sections of cerebrum from 26 equids and 5 birds were assessed by IHC. Histologically normal brain tissues from 2 horses and 1 pheasant and brain tissues from 2 cases of equine neurologic disease with diagnoses other than EEE served as negative controls. The IHC assay was based on standard streptavidin-biotin technology, using a commercially available kit and a monospecific polyclonal primary antibody preparation derived from murine ascitic fluid. Nineteen of 20 equids and all 5 birds positive by histopathology and virus isolation were positive for EEE virus antigen by IHC. Three equids with histologic lesions compatible with a diagnosis of EEE but negative by virus isolation also were negative for virus antigen by IHC. In 3 other equids, histopathology and IHC were positive for EEE, but virus isolation was not attempted because of contamination of the brain specimen. The IHC assay of formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded brain tissues for EEE virus antigen is a rapid, effective test for confirming a histopathologic diagnosis of EEE, and assay results correlate well with virus isolation results.

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Primary Cutaneous Gamma-Delta T Cell Lymphomas: A Case Series and Overview of the Literature

Dermatopathology ◽

10.3390/dermatopathology8040054 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 (4) ◽

pp. 515-524

Author(s):

Silvia Alberti-Violetti ◽

Carlo Alberto Maronese ◽

Luigia Venegoni ◽

Valentina Merlo ◽

Emilio Berti

Keyword(s):

T Cell ◽

Case Series ◽

Gamma Delta ◽

Lymphomatoid Papulosis ◽

T Cell Lymphomas ◽

Formalin Fixed Paraffin ◽

Formalin Fixed Paraffin Embedded ◽

Prognostic Implications ◽

Gamma Delta T Cell ◽

Formalin Fixed

Primary cutaneous gamma-delta T cell lymphomas (PCGDTCLs) are rare and aggressive cutaneous malignancies that have been diagnostically challenging for dermopathologists and clinicians since their first published descriptions in 1991. Since then, the availability of immunostaining for T cell receptors γ and δ in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded samples has greatly increased our knowledge of the gamma-delta phenotype by showing that it may also be present in the context of indolent entities, such as mycosis fungoides (MFs) and lymphomatoid papulosis, and this has raised questions concerning its diagnostic and prognostic implications. We here describe the histological and clinical differences between the dermo-epidermal and subcutaneous sub-groups of PCGDTCL observed in a cohort of 20 patients attending a single experienced centre, with particular focus on cases with an MF-like presentation, which are still less well defined than those of classic MF.

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OvertMycobacterium aviumsubsp.paratuberculosisInfection: An Infrequent Occurrence in Archived Tissue from False TB Reactor Cattle in Michigan, USA

Veterinary Medicine International ◽

10.4061/2011/910738 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 2011 ◽

pp. 1-7 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Scott D. Fitzgerald ◽

Steven R. Bolin ◽

Kathryn G. Boland ◽

Ailam Lim ◽

John B. Kaneene

Keyword(s):

Lymph Node ◽

Animal Health ◽

Test Results ◽

Adult Cattle ◽

Formalin Fixed Paraffin ◽

Diagnostic Center ◽

Additional Testing ◽

Formalin Fixed Paraffin Embedded ◽

Culture Negative ◽

Formalin Fixed

The objective of this study was to retrospectively determine whether or not cattle from the state of Michigan which were classified as bovine tuberculosis reactors, based on currently approved field and laboratory testing methods, were overtly infected withMycobacterium aviumsubsp.paratuberculosis(MAP). Included in this study were 384 adult cattle submitted to the Diagnostic Center for Population and Animal Health over a seven-year period. Cattle were tested utilizing standard methods to confirm that all cattle were lesion and culture negative for infection withMycobacterium bovisat postmortem examination. Retrospective analysis of formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded sections of ileum and ileocecal lymph node were evaluated by histopathology, acid-fast staining, and PCR assays to detect MAP. Overall, only 1.04 percent of cattle showed overt infection with MAP on visual examination of sections of ileum and/or ileo-cecal lymph node. This increased slightly to 2.1 percent of cattle likely infected with MAP after additional testing using a PCR assay. Based on these results, we found no evidence that overt infection with MAP plays a major role in the false tuberculosis reactor test results for cattle examined in this study.

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