scholarly journals The framing of charitable giving: A field experiment at bottle refund machines in Germany

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 98-126
Author(s):  
Robert Neumann
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Field Experiment ◽  
Charitable Giving ◽  
Sharp Contrast ◽  
Warm Glow ◽  
Post Intervention ◽  
Non Profit ◽  
Lab Experiments ◽  
Strategic Framing ◽  
Modelling Approaches

This article investigates the decision of consumers at bottle refund machines to either reclaim their bottle deposit or to donate the refund to a non-profit organization. The study documents the unique pre-intervention data on donating behaviour and introduces a field experiment to increase donation levels. The design comprised the strategic framing of the situation by highlighting different cues about the normative, descriptive and local expectations of charitable giving as well as cues about the warm glow of donating money. The experiment took place in 20 supermarkets in Germany and lasted for 12 months. By varying the experimental design and using different modelling approaches, the study arrives at the conclusion that individuals largely act consistent with the assumption having self-regarding preferences that are stable and difficult to change. Hence, our pre-test and post-intervention data stand in sharp contrast to results from lab experiments.

scholarly journals Altruism and Egoism/Warm Glow in Economics and Psychology: Building a Bridge Between Different Experimental Approaches

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Ottoni-Wilhelm
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Charitable Giving ◽  
Experimental Testing ◽  
Helping Behavior ◽  
Experimental Designs ◽  
Warm Glow ◽  
Systematic Description ◽  
Experimental Approaches

The same dual–motive theory that combines altruism and egoism/warm glow is used in economics to study charitable giving and in psychology to study helping behavior. However, the two disciplines have taken different approaches to experimental testing. This paper builds a bridge between the different experimental approaches. For economists, the importance of this bridge is that it leads to a systematic description of six specific types of egoism/warm glow, and further suggests experimental designs that could be used to investigate warm glow motives in charitable giving. For psychologists, the bridge is important because the experimental design in economics suggests a way to test, directly rather than indirectly, the empathy–altruism hypothesis.

scholarly journals A Cohort Study: Evaluating Self-Efficacy in Adolescents Attending a Tailored Youth-Informed Breastfeeding Program

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christina M. Cantin ◽  
Wendy E. Peterson ◽  
Amisha Agarwal ◽  
Jemila S. Hamid ◽  
Bianca Stortini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Peer Support ◽  
Adolescent Mothers ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Post Intervention ◽  
Non Profit ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Support Housing

ABSTRACTAdolescents (≤19 years of age) have lower rates of breastfeeding (BF) compared to older mothers. BF self-efficacy (SE), defined as a mother’s confidence in her ability to breastfeed her infant, has been identified as an important factor influencing BF outcomes. An innovative youth-informed BF program for young women was designed and implemented, which included staff training, a prenatal BF class and BF peer support. The objective of this cohort study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the program in improving young mother’s BF SE.Participants were pregnant adolescents recruited from a large urban non-profit social service outreach centre. The Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Scale-Short Form (BSES-SF) was administered to participants before and after participating in the BF program. BSES-SF scores were summed to determine a composite score and compared descriptively using mean score. Un-aggregated, item-by-item, comparison of pre-vs post-BF program scores were also compared to examine improvements in SE. A total of 20 adolescent mothers (mean age = 16.6) attended the BF program. An increase in the total BSES-SF score was observed based on descriptively comparing the mean pre vs post intervention.Prenatal education and peer support adapted to the needs of adolescent mothers was associated with increased BSES-SF. These results are promising given that clients attending programs at this agency have low-income, low educational attainment, variable family support, housing instability, and are at-risk for not breastfeeding. Future studies with larger cohort are required to further validate and establish generalizability, as well as to determine the effect on BF duration rates.

scholarly journals Time of introducing component crop influences productivity of intercropping system

2020 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 10-25
Author(s):  
M. O. Iwuagwu ◽  
D. A. Okpara ◽  
C. O. Muoneke
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Field Experiment ◽  
The Other ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Pod Yield ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Cropping Seasons ◽  
Horticultural Research

Field experiment was conducted at National Horticultural Research Institute (NIHORT), Mbato Sub-station, Okigwe, Imo State, South-eastern Nigeria in the 2012 and 2013 cropping seasons to establish the most appropriate time to introduce component crops in cocoyam/cowpea mixture. Five different planting schemes (two and four weeks before, two and four weeks after and same day) and two cowpea genotypes (climbing Akidienu and erect IT97K-499-35) were used. The component crops were grown in monocultures to assess the productivity of the systems. The experimental design used was a completely randomized design with three replicates. Growth and yield of cocoyam and the cowpea genotypes increased significantly (P<0.05) when either of the component crops was planted earlier than the other. Intercropping reduced significantly (P<0.05) cocoyam yield by 0.7 − 74% in IT97K-499-35 and 22 − 80% in Akidienu. Sowing the cowpea genotypes the same day or before cocoyam resulted in over-yielding of cowpea, whereas sowing Akidienu and IT97K-499-35 after cocoyam caused pod yield reductions of 64% − 73% and 32% − 59% on average, respectively. Cocoyam planted two weeks before IT97K-499-35 produced more satisfactory yields of the intercrops than the other planting schedules with LER, LEC and ATER of 2.15, 1.03 and 1.57, respectively.

Measuring Success in a Synchronous Virtual Classroom

2011 ◽  
pp. 249-266 ◽  
Author(s):  
Florence Martin ◽  
Michele A. Parker ◽  
Abdou Ndoye
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Online Courses ◽  
Virtual Classroom ◽  
Qualitative Inquiry ◽  
Internal Factors ◽  
Non Profit

This chapter will benefit those who teach individuals using the synchronous virtual classroom (SVC). The SVC model will help instructors design online courses that incorporate the factors that students need to be successful. This model will also help virtual classroom instructors and managers develop a systematic way of identifying and addressing the external and internal factors that might impact the success of their instruction. The strategies for empirically researching the SVC, which range from qualitative inquiry to experimental design, are discussed along with practical examples. This information will benefit instructors, researchers, non-profit and profit organizations, and academia.

scholarly journals Too cold for warm glow? Christmas-season effects in charitable giving

PLoS ONE ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. e0215844 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephan Müller ◽  
Holger A. Rau
Keyword(s):  
Charitable Giving ◽  
Warm Glow
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document