The Bangladeshi Rights and Protection of Persons With Disability Act of 2013: A Policy Analysis

2021 ◽  
pp. 104420732110667
Author(s):  
Reshma P. Nuri ◽  
Heather M. Aldersey ◽  
Setareh Ghahari ◽  
Ahmed S. Huque ◽  
Jahan Shabnam
Keyword(s):  
Policy Analysis ◽  
Disability Policy ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Persons With Disabilities ◽  
Policy Initiatives ◽  
Family Centeredness ◽  
Core Concepts ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
The Government ◽  
High Degree

The government of Bangladesh enacted the Rights and Protection of Persons with Disability Act of 2013 (the Act) in line with the United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities. This article sheds light on the Act with particular emphasis on (a) support offered to children with disabilities (CWDs) and their families to address their needs; and (b) the extent to which the Act is in line with the international disability policy analysis framework. We compared the Act with the 18 core concepts of disability policy developed by Turnbull et al. The results affirm the government’s effort toward Sustainable Development Goals in providing support to CWDs and their families. They indicate a high degree of congruency of the Act with the core concepts. The findings also highlight the need to embrace the concept of autonomy, confidentiality, and family-centeredness in great detail in any policy initiatives pertaining to CWDs. Furthermore, the finding shows that collaboration and coordination among ministries are imperative to achieve the goal of policies related to disability. In addition, the results highlight the need for more budgetary allocation and robust monitoring systems to track the progress of policy initiatives. As policy implementation is affected by changes in global contexts such as the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, policymakers in Bangladesh and other low-and middle-income countries should ensure that emergency responses are disability-inclusive and appropriate for CWDs. To ensure a disability-inclusive response, it is critical to engage individuals with disabilities and their families in meaningful consultations to identify their needs.

scholarly journals Co-exploring the effects of COVID-19 pandemic on the livelihood of persons with disabilities in Bangladesh

2021 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Adity Shayontony Das ◽  
Fatema Akter Bonny ◽  
Arifa Bente Mohosin ◽  
Sabina Faiz Rashid ◽  
Md Tanvir Hasan
Keyword(s):  
Social Life ◽  
World Health ◽  
Vulnerable Groups ◽  
Formal Sector ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Persons With Disabilities ◽  
Household Level ◽  
The Government ◽  
Health Organization

Background: According to World Health Organization (WHO), vulnerable groups such as persons with disabilities are facing severe impacts of the pandemic. There has always been significant challenges and hurdles in terms of achieving adequate and equitable inclusivity of persons with disabilities in all sections of social life. Education and employment of persons with disabilities were least focused which created more marginalization for the community. The long term impact of these marginalization has also led to the lack of jobs and social security of persons with disabilities, which is very clear now given the crisis in place. In low and middle income countries like Bangladesh the situation is even worse. To better understand the conditions of persons with disabilities in this crisis situation, the present study was initiated to explore the dimensions of livelihood with respect to income and wellbeing of persons with disabilities and to generate evidence for developing policies around these issues.Methods: A qualitative study was undertaken among 30 persons with disabilities from 8 different geographical divisions of Bangladesh. The interviews were conducted through telephone calls due to the existing COVID-19 crisis and mobility restrictions. The respondents were purposively selected based on gender, type of disability, area of resident (urban, rural) and their ability to communicate, therefore most (25/30) respondents were persons with physical disability. Thematic analysis was conducted to generate the findings of the study.Findings: Study findings revealed that majority of the respondents were involved in informal jobs. Predominantly males were daily wage-earners and often the sole breadwinner of the families, very few females were involved in economic activities. Since they had no stable income, the economic shock from the COVID-19 pandemic had affected them badly even leading to household level famine. The study identifies low level of education and informal job security as the primary causes of socio-economic insecurity among persons with disabilities, resulting in challenges in ensuring a stable livelihood during crisis situations, such as COVID-19.Conclusion: Constant alienation of persons of disabilities from the formal sector results in the deterioration of their livelihood standards which even worsen during any emergency crisis such as COVID-19. The study pinpoints that only aided services are not adequate to ensure persons with disabilities' rights rather there is an urgent need of disability inclusion in formal job sector and livelihood training for persons with disabilities. To achieve the Sustainable Development Goals 2030 and to irradiate the inequality towards persons with disabilities in the society it is important for the Government and concern bodies to focus on the inclusiveness with better implementation and monitoring strategies.

scholarly journals Review of Indicators for Localizing Environmental Goals at Sub National and Local Level in Nepal

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 304-307
Author(s):  
Ek Raj Sigdel ◽  
Martina Maria Keitsch
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Sustainable Development Goals ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Scientific Basis ◽  
Environmental Indicators ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Stakeholder Consultation ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
The Government ◽  
Environmental Goals

Nepal, as a member of the United Nations, is committed to achieve the global initiatives of Sustainable Development Agenda by 2030. Toward translating the commitment into action, Nepal has produced preliminary SDGs Report in 2015, even before the formal adoption of the 2030. Moreover, Voluntary National Review Report, Sustainable Development Goals, Status and Roadmap: 2016-2030, and Sustainable Development Goals 2016-2030 National (Preliminary) Report were developed. Further, Nepal has initiated mainstreaming the 2030 Agenda into national policies and plans. The 14th periodic plan, the national budget, and other sectoral plans have been closely aligned with the SDGs and the approach paper for 15th five-year plan is intended to achieve the SDG. The upcoming 15th periodic plan will basically aim to support the government in achieving all the SDGs by 2030 and help Nepal emerge as a middle-income country by 2030. The indicators comprise of renewable energy for electricity and vehicles, injuries due to disaster (number), greenhouse gases, adaptation plans, trained man power, climate change educations, and climate smart villages and farming are identified as indicators under climate and energy goals. Similarly, under forest goals proportion of forest land, forest under community-based management (% of total dense forest areas), protected area (including forest, in % of total land area), handover of forests to leasehold forest groups (000 hectare), wild tigers (number), rhino (number) etc are included. Likewise, conservation of lakes, wetlands, and ponds (number) and potentially dangerous lakes (%) are included under fresh water goals. However, there was no scientific basis how the indicators were derived for the environmental goals. In this backdrop, a study in identifying site specific, measurable, time bound, relevant and attainable indicators was paramount. Based on the secondary literature review, stakeholder consultation at sub national and local level, the indicators were verified and suggested strategies that help localizing the environmental indicators at sub-national and local level in Nepal. The study was therefore centered on reviewing the environmental indicators and suggest appropriate strategies so that it helps expediting localization of SDG in Nepal.

scholarly journals International Real Estate Review

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 597-625
Author(s):  
Sau Kim Lum ◽  
◽  
Xuefeng Zhou ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Public Housing ◽  
Housing Price ◽  
Housing Affordability ◽  
Supply Side ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Policy Initiatives ◽  
Income Ratio ◽  
The Government ◽  
Do So ◽  
Resale Market

Housing affordability for many Singaporean households has been declining since the 1990s. While eligible households are directly allocated new-built public housing at subsidized rates, these rates reflect price behavior in the laissez faire resale market and would be higher during periods of excess demand. We examine two policy initiatives since 2011 to improve housing affordability for targeted population segments. First, the government has stabilized the prices at which it sells new- built units by increasing supply-side producer discounts to moderate the extent to which new unit prices track the resale market. Second, demand subsidies are provided to low- and middle-income households to buy new subsidized housing. Price stabilization has prevented the transmission of demand shocks from the resale market to the new-built public housing sector but not improved affordability. However, successive calibrations of capital grants boosted the price to income ratio and debt servicing ratio indicators for households with incomes below the national median. These improvements are progressive, with the less well-off benefitting the most. Furthermore, the grants do not appear to induce housing overconsumption the way that demand subsidies are prone to do so and provide some assurance that the policies adopted in Singapore have not generated allocative inefficiencies.

The United Republic of Tanzania’s National Policy on Disability

2011 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 160-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heather Michelle Aldersey ◽  
H. Rutherford Turnbull
Keyword(s):  
Youth Development ◽  
National Policy ◽  
Disability Policy ◽  
Analysis Framework ◽  
Persons With Disabilities ◽  
United Republic ◽  
Core Concepts ◽  
United Republic Of Tanzania ◽  
United Nations Convention ◽  
Compare And Contrast

In the spirit of international cooperation and to advance human rights, many nations have signed and ratified the United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (UN CRPD). Ratification, however, differs from implementation, as the current analysis of the disability policy of the United Republic of Tanzania reflects. Here, the authors have accepted the Tanzanian Minister for Labour, Youth Development, and Sports’ invitation for local and international communities to rally to ensure that the desired outcomes of the NPD are realized. They examine Tanzania’s National Policy on Disability (NPD) using a policy analysis framework that has identified 18 core concepts of disability policy. They compare and contrast Tanzania’s NPD with this framework and conclude that the core concept of accountability is absent from the NPD. The authors then propose accountability techniques that might assist Tanzania to fulfill its firm and early commitment to the UN CRPD.

scholarly journals Analysing disability policy in Namibia: An occupational justice perspective

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tongai F. Chichaya ◽  
Robin W.E. Joubert ◽  
Mary Ann McColl
Keyword(s):  
Policy Analysis ◽  
Policy Support ◽  
Disability Policy ◽  
Persons With Disabilities ◽  
Access Policy ◽  
Policy Alternatives ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Support Policy ◽  
Occupational Participation ◽  
Occupational Justice

Background: The Namibian disability policy of 1997 has not been reviewed for about 20 years, which has raised concerns with persons with disabilities and stakeholders in the fields of disability and rehabilitation. In March 2017, the government publicised its intention to review the policy. Thus, this study’s purpose was to generate evidence that can contribute to the development of a more current disability policy that will promote occupational justice.Objectives: The aim of the study was to develop an alternative disability policy option for Namibia and to present outcomes and trade-offs using a policy analysis approach while applying the occupational justice framework to gather evidence.Method: A qualitative research design and Bardach’s eightfold path approach to policy analysis were used. Critical disability theory provided the theoretical framework. The occupational justice framework was the conceptual framework for the study. Evidence from preceding phases of this study and appropriate literature was utilised to construct possible disability policy alternatives in Namibia, set evaluative criteria, project outcomes and confront trade-offs.Results: Three main disability policy alternatives emerged: access policy, support policy and universal coverage policy. Access policy had the fewest trade-offs, and the support policy had the most trade-offs in the Namibian context. Access policy was projected to foster occupational participation among persons with disabilities.Conclusion: Results have implications for selecting disability policy alternatives that promote occupational participation and justice among persons with disabilities in Namibia. Furthermore, the study has implications for advancing the practice of occupational justice in disability policy formulation.

scholarly journals Barriers to and facilitators of employment of persons with disabilities in low- and middle-income countries: A scoping review

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Refilwe E. Morwane ◽  
Shakila Dada ◽  
Juan Bornman
Keyword(s):  
Well Being ◽  
International Classification Of Functioning ◽  
Personal Factors ◽  
Negative Attitudes ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Persons With Disabilities ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
Major Factors ◽  
Low And Middle Income

Background: Unemployment rates for persons with disabilities in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) are high. This is despite the call to action by the United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities and Sustainable Development Goals aimed at improving the economic well-being of the marginalised. To improve the employment outcomes of persons with disabilities in these countries, factors that facilitate and hinder employment should be explored.Objectives: This study explored barriers to and facilitators of employment for persons with disabilities in LMICs through a scoping review.Methods: A search strategy included a systematic search of nine databases using specific keywords. The International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) framework was used as a conceptual framework and barriers and facilitators were reported according to the domains of the ICF. Articles published between 2008 and 2020 were reviewed using a predefined criteria.Results: Thirty-two studies were identified in the review. Factors were identified in all domains of the ICF: (1) body function and body structure (12; 39%); (2) activities and participation (13; 42%); (3) personal factors (23; 74%); (4) environmental factors (27; 84%).Conclusion: Factors that hinder and facilitate the participation of persons with disabilities in LMICs were mainly found in the environment, with personal factors also influencing participation. The presence of negative attitudes and lack of services mainly in health and transport were major factors within the environment whilst personals factors included the lack of educational qualifications and skills. These results indicate the importance of consideration of contextual factors when developing intervention strategies aimed at facilitating the employment of persons with disabilities in LMICs.

Beyond weakness: policy analysis in the French parliament

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olivier Rozenberg ◽  
Yves Surel
Keyword(s):  
Human Resources ◽  
Policy Analysis ◽  
Executive Power ◽  
Limited Effect ◽  
Fifth Republic ◽  
Policy Initiatives ◽  
Balanced Assessment ◽  
Legislative Procedure ◽  
The Government ◽  
Policy Fields

The French Parliament is well-known for its weakness under the Fifth Republic. The constitutional domination of the executive power is not only marked in terms of legislative procedure but also bears consequence in terms of the capacity of the two houses to mobilize policy analysis. Committees are limited both in number and competence. The capacity to hold the government and the administration accountable is also strictly bounded. Furthermore, the bureaucracies of both houses are comparatively weak and are unable to support a systematic and general investment of MPs in policy initiatives. This chapter offers a balanced assessment of the contemporary capacity of the French Parliament to use and produce policy analysis. It points to the limited effect of the constitutional reforms implemented recently as well as the lack of human resources that can be mobilized within assemblies. Yet, it also considers the greater policy analysis capacity of the parliament in some policy fields as well as the recent efforts developed in view of fostering parliamentary evaluation.

scholarly journals ‘People Consider Us Devils’: Exploring Patterns of Exclusion facing Adolescents with Disabilities in Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicola Jones ◽  
Jennifer Muz ◽  
Workneh Yadete
Keyword(s):  
Urban Communities ◽  
Inclusive Education ◽  
Social Protection ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Bodily Integrity ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Persons With Disabilities ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Development Goals

AbstractThe 2030 Sustainable Development Goals’ call to ‘leave no one behind’ has helped to highlight the importance of investing in inclusive services for persons with disabilities in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Evidence on the experiences of young Ethiopians with disabilities remains weak. Drawing on quantitative and qualitative data from 2017 to 2018, this article explores the educational, bodily integrity and psychosocial outcomes of adolescents with different impairment types (visual, hearing and physical) in rural and urban communities. Our findings indicate that young people with disabilities face intersecting barriers to inclusive education, heightened vulnerability to gender- and age-based violence, and increased psychosocial distress compared to peers without disabilities. Implications of these findings for policy and programming, include: the pressing need for specialised training and mentoring of education and other service providers; investments in support networks for parents of adolescents with disabilities; and strengthening of disability-inclusive social protection and referral mechanisms.

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