Systems of Evaluation and the Matthew Effect

2017 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 362-364 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Sauder
Keyword(s):  
Information Flow ◽  
Matthew Effect ◽  
High Status ◽  
The Matthew Effect ◽  
Definition Of

Existing research on the Matthew Effect establishes that this dynamic can alter information flow and the distribution of rewards in ways that lead to cumulating advantages for high status actors. We know little, however, about how systems of evaluation, and especially variations in systems of evaluations, influence the expression and strength of these outcomes. Drawing on analyses of the effects of rankings on organizations, I consider how different evaluation contexts can change both audience perceptions about which organizations are award worthy and the definition of merit on which reward distributions are based.

The Matthew Effect and the Lucan Lawyer: The Ecological Consequences of Status Shocks

2017 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 371-373
Author(s):  
Brian P. Reschke ◽  
Toby E. Stuart
Keyword(s):  
Matthew Effect ◽  
Future Research ◽  
High Status ◽  
Ecological Consequences ◽  
The Matthew Effect

Who are the neighbors of those who attain high status, and what is their fate in the wake of another actor’s status elevation? In this essay, we consider the consequences of an individual’s change in status for proximate individuals and domains. Particularly, we identify two, potentially simultaneous shifts in resources: a concentration of local recognition around high-status individuals and their immediate neighbors, and an overall elevation of recognition to the domain. We identify conditions in which within-domain or between-domain reallocation will occur, and we outline opportunities for future research.

Older, but Wiser? “The Matthew Effect” at 50: Introduction to the Dialog

2017 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 359-361 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah M. G. Otner
Keyword(s):  
Research Agenda ◽  
Middle Age ◽  
Matthew Effect ◽  
High Status ◽  
Scientific Careers ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Matthew Effect

Merton’s famous essay on recognition and rewards in scientific careers, “The Matthew Effect in Science”, has reached middle age. This Dialog reflects on established research that separates the origins and the consequences of status, and recent contributions regarding the constraints of status advantages. In doing so, this collection responds to a growing scholarly debate about the returns to high status. The authors engage with Merton’s cumulative status advantage, and go further to identify downsides of increased recognition both for individuals and for the status system itself. The six articles in this Dialog evaluate the progress made towards Merton’s proposed research agenda and highlight opportunities for its extension.

scholarly journals Betweenness centrality for temporal multiplexes

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvia Zaoli ◽  
Piero Mazzarisi ◽  
Fabrizio Lillo
Keyword(s):  
Information Flow ◽  
Real World ◽  
Betweenness Centrality ◽  
Temporal Structure ◽  
Shortest Paths ◽  
Single Layer ◽  
Distance Metric ◽  
Definition Of

AbstractBetweenness centrality quantifies the importance of a vertex for the information flow in a network. The standard betweenness centrality applies to static single-layer networks, but many real world networks are both dynamic and made of several layers. We propose a definition of betweenness centrality for temporal multiplexes. This definition accounts for the topological and temporal structure and for the duration of paths in the determination of the shortest paths. We propose an algorithm to compute the new metric using a mapping to a static graph. We apply the metric to a dataset of $$\sim 20$$ ∼ 20 k European flights and compare the results with those obtained with static or single-layer metrics. The differences in the airports rankings highlight the importance of considering the temporal multiplex structure and an appropriate distance metric.

Fellowship Behavior in Division 17 and the MOMM Cartel

1991 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 253-259 ◽  
Author(s):  
John J. Horan ◽  
Chris D. Erickson
Keyword(s):  
Sociology Of Science ◽  
Matthew Effect ◽  
Academic Programs ◽  
The Other ◽  
Professional Service ◽  
Science Literature ◽  
Scholarly Productivity ◽  
Governing Body ◽  
The Matthew Effect ◽  
Counseling Psychologists

Graduates and employees of four institutions-the MOMM Cartel-dominate every science and practice organ of Division 17's governing body. Counseling psychologists from the other 60 academic programs (the OUTSIDERs) face numerous barriers to professional ascendancy. Six of 13 fellow nominees during the 1988-1989 year were MOMM members; none were rejected. Three OUTSIDERs were elected; four were rejected. Mean scholarly productivity for each group was 13, 21.3, and 19.7 Psyc LIT citations, respectively. The accepted OUTSIDERs were significantly more productive than the MOMMs; two of the four rejected OUTSIDERs ranked numbers one and two in scholarly productivity among all nominees. No relationship appeared between scholarship and fellow decisions; MOMM membership strongly predicted election to fellow status. Personal familiarity with the evaluators, rather than professional service, apparently accounts for these filings -a variant of the "Matthew Effect" discussed in the sociology-of-science literature Recommendations for reform are offered

scholarly journals Democracies and autocracies amid the pandemic: the Matthew effect

2021 ◽  
pp. 72-81
Author(s):  
T.V. Rastimehina ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Civic Engagement ◽  
General Trend ◽  
Executive Branch ◽  
Matthew Effect ◽  
Emergency Situations ◽  
Power Resources ◽  
The Matthew Effect ◽  
Hybrid Regime ◽  
Emergency Measures

The author examines the actions of states in crisis and emergency situations and conducts a comparative analysis of the emergency measures taken by the governments of democratic states and hybrid regime states. The author notes the Matthew effect: the actions of the institutions of political power of democratic and undemocratic countries in the conditions of the regime of increased readiness at a superficial examination seem similar, but have a different effect. In democracies, the restriction of some of the freedoms of citizens fits into the general trend toward humanization of politics. At the same time, autocracies presumably use the crisis to redistribute power resources toward the executive branch and to normalize the suppression of civic engagement.

scholarly journals One of the simplest ways to explain the Matthew effect (in science)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
António Caleiro
Keyword(s):  
Matthew Effect ◽  
Full View ◽  
Comparative Advantages ◽  
The Matthew Effect ◽  
Partial View

A partial view of the Matthew effect in science asserts that the (already) most recognized scientists are those who (more easily) gain greater recognition for their scientific contributions. A full view of that effect naturally adds to the (comparative) advantages of the most recognized scientists, the (comparative) disadvantages of lesser-recognized scientists. The purpose of this report is to present one of the simplest explanations of the Matthew effect in science, which, as it is also very general, can explain the existence of that effect in other areas where inequality is manifested.

The ‘Matthew’ Effect: The Gospel Truth

Physics Today ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 44 (10) ◽  
pp. 154-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas F. Brewer
Keyword(s):  
Matthew Effect ◽  
The Matthew Effect
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