Clinical and Pharmacokinetic Profiles of Digoxin Immune Fab in Four Patients with Renal Impairment

DICP ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 25 (12) ◽  
pp. 1315-1320 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nancy M. Allen ◽  
Gary D. Dunham ◽  
Jeffrey M. Sailstad ◽  
John W.A. Findlay
Keyword(s):  
Renal Function ◽  
Renal Impairment ◽  
Half Life ◽  
Severe Renal Impairment ◽  
Digoxin Concentration ◽  
Pharmacokinetic Data ◽  
Elimination Half Life ◽  
Time Profiles ◽  
Elimination Half ◽  
Total Body

Minimal pharmacokinetic data on digoxin immune Fab are currently available, especially in patients with impaired renal function. The serum concentration-time profiles of total digoxin, free digoxin, and digoxin immune Fab in four patients with moderate to severe renal impairment who received digoxin immune Fab are presented. The calculated elimination half-life of digoxin immune Fab was 25–73 hours. The calculated elimination half-life of total digoxin was 24–72 hours. Free digoxin concentrations rebounded to a peak of 1–2.9 ng/mL 44–97 hours after the administration of digoxin immune Fab. The areas under the curve for digoxin immune Fab were 213–1026 μg·h/mL, and total body clearances were 2.3–7.1 mL/min. The total digoxin concentrations peaked at 14–33 times the pre-Fab digoxin concentrations 5–30 hours after digoxin immune Fab administration. In comparing these data with data available from patients with normal renal function, the half-life of digoxin immune Fab and total digoxin was longer, the peak total digoxin concentration occurred later, the ratio of the peak total digoxin concentration to pre-Fab digoxin concentration was larger, and the rebound in free digoxin occurred later in patients with renal impairment. The Fab dose should not be reduced in patients with renal impairment; however, post-Fab monitoring should be extended to compensate for the prolonged half-life of Fab and later rebound of free digoxin.

scholarly journals Pharmacokinetics of Pantoprazole and Pantoprazole Sulfone in Goats After Intravenous Administration: A Preliminary Report

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joe S. Smith ◽  
Jonathan P. Mochel ◽  
Windy M. Soto-Gonzalez ◽  
Rebecca R. Rahn ◽  
Bryanna N. Fayne ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intravenous Administration ◽  
Half Life ◽  
Plasma Clearance ◽  
Primary Study ◽  
Pharmacokinetic Parameters ◽  
Pharmacokinetic Data ◽  
Study Objective ◽  
Elimination Half Life ◽  
Elimination Half

Background: Ruminant species are at risk of developing abomasal ulceration, but there is a lack of pharmacokinetic data for anti-ulcer therapies, such as the proton pump inhibitor pantoprazole, in goats.Objective: The primary study objective was to estimate the plasma pharmacokinetic parameters for pantoprazole in adult goats after intravenous administration. A secondary objective was to describe the pharmacokinetic parameters for the metabolite, pantoprazole sulfone, in goats.Methods: Pantoprazole was administered intravenously to six adult goats at a dose of 1 mg/kg. Plasma samples were collected over 36h and analyzed via reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography for determination of pantoprazole and pantoprazole sulfone concentrations. Pharmacokinetic parameters were determined by non-compartmental analysis.Results: Plasma clearance, elimination half-life, and volume of distribution of pantoprazole were estimated at 0.345 mL/kg/min, 0.7 h, and 0.9 L/kg, respectively following IV administration. The maximum concentration, elimination half-life and area under the curve of pantoprazole sulfone were estimated at 0.1 μg/mL, 0.8 h, and 0.2 hr*μg/mL, respectively. The global extraction ratio was estimated 0.00795 ± 0.00138. All animals had normal physical examinations after conclusion of the study.Conclusion: The reported plasma clearance for pantoprazole is lower than reported for foals, calves, and alpacas. The elimination half-life appears to be < that reported for foals and calves. Future pharmacodynamic studies are necessary for determination of the efficacy of pantoprazole on acid suppression in goats.

Dose-Ranging Pharmacokinetic Study of Ciprofloxacin after 200-, 300-, and 400-mg Intravenous Doses

1992 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
David E. Nix ◽  
J. Michael Spivey ◽  
Allyn Norman ◽  
Jerome J. Schentag
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Half Life ◽  
Total Body Clearance ◽  
Volume Of Distribution ◽  
Elimination Half Life ◽  
Elimination Half ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Total Body ◽  
Venous Irritation ◽  
Body Clearance

OBJECTIVE: To assess the pharmacokinetics and tolerance of ciprofloxacin after the administration of single intravenous doses of 200, 300, and 400 mg. DESIGN: Double-blind, three-period, randomized, crossover trial. SETTING: Private, university-affiliated, hospital-based, clinical research center. PATIENTS: Normal healthy male volunteers, 18–40 years of age. INTERVENTIONS: Subjects received 200-, 300-, and 400-mg single intravenous doses of ciprofloxacin via 30-minute infusions in random sequence. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Serum ciprofloxacin concentrations were determined by HPLC after each dose and the results were used to derive pharmacokinetic parameters. Tolerance was assessed by reported and observed adverse events, urine microscopic examinations for crystals, and examination of intravenous infusion sites. RESULTS: The mean area under the time curve (AUC) values displayed linearity with respect to the administered dose. No statistical differences were observed in total body clearance, steady-state volume of distribution, or elimination half-life with respect to dose administered. The mean total body clearance, steady-state volume of distribution, or elimination half-life ranged from 36 to 41 L/h, 146 to 169 L, and 3.5 to 3.7 h for the 200-, 300-, and 400-mg doses, respectively. Adverse effects, including venous irritation (four subjects) and crystalluria (two subjects), were mild and did not require withdrawal of any subject from the study. CONCLUSIONS: Intravenous ciprofloxacin in doses ranging from 200 to 400 mg demonstrated linear pharmacokinetics. These single doses were well tolerated, although cases of transient venous irritation and crystalluria were observed.

scholarly journals Disposition Kinetic of Moxifloxacin following Intravenous, Intramuscular, and Subcutaneous Administration in Goats

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Harshad B. Patel ◽  
Shailesh K. Mody ◽  
Hitesh B. Patel ◽  
Vipul A. Patel ◽  
Urvesh D. Patel
Keyword(s):  
Drug Concentration ◽  
Half Life ◽  
Total Body Clearance ◽  
Volume Of Distribution ◽  
The Body ◽  
Maximum Plasma ◽  
Elimination Half Life ◽  
Elimination Half ◽  
Total Body ◽  
Body Clearance

The present study was carried out to investigate disposition kinetics of moxifloxacin following single-dose intravenous (i.v.), intramuscular (i.m.), and subcutaneous (s.c.) administration at a dose rate of 5 mg/kg of body weight (b.wt.) in goats. Plasma samples collected after treatments were analyzed for drug concentration using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). After i.v. administration, distribution of the drug was rapid and wide as reflected by high steady-state volume of distribution. Drug elimination was relatively faster with a total body clearance of 0.59±0.03 L/h/kg. Following i.m. injection, the drug has shown the rapid and near-to-complete absorption with bioavailability of 98.20±3.96 per cent. The maximum plasma drug concentration (Cmax) of 1.21±0.04 μg/mL was attained at 1 h (Tmax). The drug was widely distributed as reflected by high apparent volume of distribution. The elimination half-life (t1/2β) of the drug was 6.26±0.08  h. Following s.c. administration, the drug was rapidly absorbed (Cmax: 1.16±0.02 μg/mL; tmax: 1 h) and slowly eliminated from the body. The elimination half-life and total body clearance (ClB) were 5.61±0.10 h and 0.60±0.03 L/h/kg, respectively. The bioavailability of moxifloxacin following s.c. administration was 90.44±3.96 per cent.

scholarly journals Pharmacokinetics of Isepamicin during Continuous Venovenous Hemodiafiltration

1999 ◽  
Vol 43 (10) ◽  
pp. 2409-2411 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dominique Breilh ◽  
Bernard Allaouchiche ◽  
Hélène Jaumain ◽  
Paul Boulétreau ◽  
Dominique Chassard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Half Life ◽  
Initial Dosage ◽  
Volume Of Distribution ◽  
Elimination Half Life ◽  
Continuous Venovenous Hemodiafiltration ◽  
Concentration Peak ◽  
Elimination Half ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Total Body ◽  
Body Clearance

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to analyze the pharmacokinetics of isepamicin during continuous venovenous hemodiafiltration. Six patients received 15 mg of isepamicin per kg of body weight. The mean isepamicin concentration peak in serum was 62.88 ± 18.20 mg/liter 0.5 h after the infusion. The elimination half-life was 7.91 ± 0.83 h. The mean total body clearance was 1.75 ± 0.28 liters/h, and dialysate outlet (DO) clearance was 2.76 ± 0.59 liters/h. The mean volume of distribution was 19.83 ± 2.95 liters. The elimination half-life, DO clearance, and volume of distribution were almost constant. In this group of patients, the initial dosage of 15 mg/kg appeared to be adequate, but the dosage interval should be determined by monitoring residual isepamicin concentrations in plasma.

scholarly journals Disposition of intravenous metronidazole in Asian surgical patients.

1996 ◽  
Vol 40 (10) ◽  
pp. 2248-2251 ◽  
Author(s):  
T Y Ti ◽  
H S Lee ◽  
Y M Khoo
Keyword(s):  
Half Life ◽  
Inverse Correlation ◽  
Volume Of Distribution ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Surgical Patients ◽  
Pharmacokinetic Analysis ◽  
Elimination Half Life ◽  
Elimination Half ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Total Body

Steady-state peak and trough concentrations of metronidazole and its metabolites were measured in the sera of 54 surgical patients who were on intravenous metronidazole, 500 mg every 8 h. These patients had no significant renal or hepatic impairment. High-pressure liquid chromatography was used to determine the concentrations of metronidazole and its metabolites. The mean peak and trough metronidazole concentrations were 28.9 +/- 11.0 and 18.0 +/- 9.9 micrograms/ml, respectively. The acid metabolite was not detectable in all the blood specimens. The mean peak concentration of the hydroxy metabolite (MH) was 6.6 +/- 4.3 micrograms/ml, the mean trough concentration of MH was 6.2 +/- 4.2 micrograms/ml, and the MH concentration/metronidazole concentration ratio was 0.4 +/- 0.24. Using a population-based method for the pharmacokinetic analysis and stepwise regression between parameters and covariables (sex, age, and weight), we found that weight showed the highest correlation with the total body clearance (CL). The mean CL was 0.89 +/- 0.3 ml min-1 kg-1 (3.029 liters/h), the mean volume of distribution was 0.73 +/- 0.14 liter/kg, and the mean elimination half-life was 10.6 +/- 4.5 h. For the patients in our study, the CL was lower and the elimination half-life was longer compared with those for healthy volunteers, but the values of these parameters were comparable to those found for hospitalized patients. There was an inverse correlation between age and CL.

scholarly journals Propofol

2008 ◽  
Vol 109 (6) ◽  
pp. 1132-1136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul F. White ◽  
David S. Warner
Keyword(s):  
Half Life ◽  
Compartment Model ◽  
Volume Of Distribution ◽  
Major Surgery ◽  
Anesthetic Technique ◽  
General Anesthetic ◽  
Clearance Rates ◽  
Elimination Half Life ◽  
Elimination Half ◽  
Total Body

Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of propofol infusions during general anesthesia. By Audrey Shafer, Van A. Doze, Steven L. Shafer, and Paul F. White. Anesthesiology 1988; 69:348-56. Reprinted with permission.The pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of propofol (Diprivan) were studied in 50 elective surgical patients. Propofol was administered as a bolus dose, 2 mg/kg iv, followed by a variable-rate infusion, 0-20 mg/min, and intermittent supplemental boluses, 10-20 mg iv, as part of a general anesthetic technique that included nitrous oxide, meperidine, and muscle relaxants. For a majority of the patients (n = 30), the pharmacokinetics of propofol were best described by a two-compartment model. The propofol mean total body clearance rate was 2.09 +/- 0.65 l/min (mean +/- SD), the volume of distribution at steady state was 159 +/- 57 l, and the elimination half-life was 116 +/- 34 min. Elderly patients (patients older than 60 yr vs. those younger than 60 yr) had significantly decreased clearance rates (1.58 +/- 0.42 vs. 2.19 +/- 0.64 l/min), whereas women (vs. men) had greater clearance rates (33 +/- 8 vs. 26 +/- 7 ml x kg x min ) and volumes of distribution (2.50 +/- 0.81 vs. 2.05 +/- 0.65 l/kg). Patients undergoing major (intraabdominal) surgery had longer elimination half-life values (136 +/- 40 vs. 108 +/- 29 min). Patients required an average blood propofol concentration of 4.05 +/- 1.01 micrograms/ml for major surgery and 2.97 +/- 1.07 micrograms/ml for nonmajor surgery. Blood propofol concentrations at which 50% of patients (EC50) were awake and oriented after surgery were 1.07 and 0.95 microgram/ml, respectively. Psychomotor performance returned to baseline at blood propofol concentrations of 0.38-0.43 microgram/ml (EC50). This clinical study demonstrates the feasibility of performing pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic analyses when complex infusion and bolus regimens are used for administering iv anesthetics.

Blood cocaine and metabolite pharmacokinetics after cardiac arrest in a body-packer case

2009 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicolas de Prost ◽  
Bruno Mégarbane ◽  
Frank Questel ◽  
Vanessa Bloch ◽  
Delphine Cantin Bertaux ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Arrest ◽  
Half Life ◽  
Pharmacokinetic Studies ◽  
Pharmacokinetic Data ◽  
Body Packing ◽  
Body Packer ◽  
Elimination Half Life ◽  
Elimination Half ◽  
Surgical Extraction ◽  
Body Packers

Introduction: Cocaine body packing, the internal concealment of cocaine for transportation between countries, may expose to life-threatening intoxications. No data is currently available on the pharmacokinetics of cocaine and its metabolites when a packet rupture occurs in a body packer. Case report: We report the first pharmacokinetic data associated with a severe cocaine intoxication in a body packer, resulting in cardiac arrest. Massive concentrations of cocaine (observed maximal concentration: 1.66 mg/L, 1 hour after the cardiac arrest) were measured in plasma up to about 15 hours, suggesting a prolonged absorption due to a slow-release in the gastrointestinal tract despite surgical extraction of the packets. Apparent cocaine elimination half-life was 7.6 hours. Conclusion: A prolonged apparent cocaine elimination half-life has been observed. Further pharmacokinetic studies are needed to understand better the pathophysiology of acute cocaine intoxication in body packers.

scholarly journals Pharmacokinetics and Tissue Levels of Pantoprazole in Neonatal Calves After Intravenous Administration

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeff D. Olivarez ◽  
Amanda J. Kreuder ◽  
Dane M. Tatarniuk ◽  
Larry W. Wulf ◽  
Katarzyna A. Dembek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Half Life ◽  
Plasma Clearance ◽  
Compartmental Analysis ◽  
Pharmacokinetic Parameters ◽  
Pharmacokinetic Data ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Elimination Half Life ◽  
Elimination Half ◽  
Edible Tissues ◽  
Neonatal Calves

Background: Neonatal calves are at risk of developing abomasal ulceration, but there is a lack of pharmacokinetic data for potential anti-ulcerative therapies, such as pantoprazole, in ruminant species.Objective: The study objectives were to estimate plasma pharmacokinetic parameters for pantoprazole in neonatal dairy calves after intravenous (IV) administration. A secondary objective was to quantify the concentrations of pantoprazole in edible tissues after IV dosing.Methods: Pantoprazole was administered to 9 neonatal Holstein calves at a dose of 1 mg/kg IV. Plasma samples were collected over 24 h and analyzed via HPLC-MS for determining pantoprazole concentrations. Pharmacokinetic parameters were derived via non-compartmental analysis. Tissue samples were collected at 1, 3, and 5 days after administration and analyzed via HPLC-MS.Results: Following IV administration, plasma clearance, elimination half-life, and volume of distribution of pantoprazole were estimated at 4.46 mL/kg/min, 2.81 h, and 0.301 L/kg, respectively. The global extraction ratio was estimated at 0.053 ± 0.015. No pantoprazole was detected in the edible tissues 1, 3, or 5 days after administration. A metabolite, pantoprazole sulfone was detected in all the edible tissues 1 and 3 days after administration.Conclusion: The reported plasma clearance for pantoprazole is less than that reported for alpacas but higher than reported in foals. The elimination half-life in calves appears to be longer than observed in foals and alpacas. While pantoprazole sulfone was detected in the tissues after IV administration, further research is needed as to the metabolism and potential tissue accumulation of other pantoprazole metabolites in calves. Future pharmacodynamic studies are necessary to determine the efficacy of pantoprazole on abomasal acid suppression in calves.

scholarly journals Bioavailability pharmacokinetics and residues of marbofloxacin in normal and E.coli infected broiler chicken

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 144
Author(s):  
Ashraf El-Komy ◽  
Taha Attia ◽  
Amera Abd El Latif ◽  
Hanem Fathy
Keyword(s):  
Oral Administration ◽  
Half Life ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Volume Of Distribution ◽  
Pharmacokinetic Parameters ◽  
Maximum Serum ◽  
Elimination Half Life ◽  
Elimination Half ◽  
Total Body

The pharmacokinetics of marbofloxacin was studied following a single intravenous, oral administration in normal broiler chickens and repeated oral administrations in normal and experimentally E.coli infected broiler chickens. The pharmacokinetic parameters following a single intravenous injection of 2 mg/kg b.wt., revealed that marbofloxacin obeyed a two compartments open model, distribution half-life (t0.5(α)) was 0.25±0.02 h, volume of distribution (Vdss) was 0.76±0.08 L/kg, elimination half-life (t0.5(β)) was 5.43±0.87 h and total body clearance (CLtot) was 0.09±0.002 l/kg/h. Following a single oral administration, marbofloxacin was rapidly and efficiently absorbed through gastrointestinal tract of chickens as the absorption half-life (t0.5 (ab): 0.62±0.02 h). Maximum serum concentration (Cmax) was 1.15±0.01 μg/ml, reached its maximum time (tmax) at 2.53±0.04 h, elimination half-life (t0.5 (el)) was 7.36±0.20 h indicating the tendency of chickens to eliminate marbofloxacin in slow rate. Oral bioavailability was 73.57± 1.90 % indicating good absorption of marbofloxacin after oral administration. Serum concentrations of marbofloxacin following repeated oral administration of 2 mg/kg b.wt. once daily for five consecutive days, peaked 2 hours after each oral dose with lower significant values recorded in experimentally infected broiler chickens than in normal ones. Tissues residues of marbofloxacin in slaughtered normal chickens was highly in those tissues lung, liver, and kidneys in chickens and the chicken must not be slaughtered before 3 days of stopping of drug administration. It was concluded that the in- vitro protein binding was 12.33±0.82%.

scholarly journals Plasma disposition of cefoperazone after single intravenous and intramuscular administrations in camels (Camelus dromedarius)

2018 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
pp. 444-450
Author(s):  
Mohamed Aboubakr ◽  
Ahmed Soliman ◽  
Kamil Uney ◽  
Muammer Elmas
Keyword(s):  
Half Life ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Peak Plasma ◽  
Peak Plasma Concentration ◽  
Volume Of Distribution ◽  
Camelus Dromedarius ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Elimination Half Life ◽  
Elimination Half ◽  
Total Body

The plasma disposition of cefoperazone was investigated after intravenous (IV) and intramuscular (IM) administrations of 20 mg/kg as a single dose in six camels (Camelus dromedarius) in a crossover design. Blood plasma samples were analysed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). After IV administration, elimination half-life (t1/2β), volume of distribution at steady state (Vdss), total body clearance (Cltot) and mean residence time (MRT) of cefoperazone were 1.95 h, 0.38 L/kg, 0.17 L/h/kg and 2.16 h, respectively. After IM administration of cefoperazone, peak plasma concentration (Cmax) was 21.95 μg/mL and it was obtained at (tmax) 1.23 h. Absorption half-life (t1/2ab), elimination half-life and mean absorption time were 0.45 h, 2.84 h and 2.07 h, respectively. The bioavailability of cefoperazone was 89.42%. The lack of local reaction or any other adverse effects and the very good bioavailability following IM administration indicate that cefoperazone might be a promising alternative treatment for a variety of infectious diseases in camels.

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