Insect Repellent (N,N-Diethyl-m-Toluamide) Cardiovascular Toxicity in an Adult

1993 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 289-293 ◽  
Author(s):  
James R. Clem ◽  
David F. Havemann ◽  
Marsha A. Raebel
Keyword(s):  
Medical Literature ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Personal Contact ◽  
Cardiovascular Toxicity ◽  
Insect Repellents ◽  
Literature Searches ◽  
Study Selection ◽  
Animal Data

OBJECTIVE: To describe a case of N,N-diethyl- m-toluamide (DEET)-induced cardiovascular toxicity in an adult and reviews other cases that have been reported in the published literature. Human and animal data available on DEET pharmacokinetics are reviewed and factors that predispose an individual to DEET toxicity are identified. DATA SOURCES: Case report information was obtained through personal contact with the patient during hospitalization and by telephone, and also from the patient's medical records. Computerized literature searches were conducted with the following systems to obtain medical literature on DEET toxicity: TOXLINE, International Pharmaceutical Abstracts, and MEDLINE. Index Medicus was searched manually. STUDY SELECTION: All reported cases of DEET toxicity in children and adults were reviewed. DATA EXTRACTION: Case reports were evaluated for the quantity of the DEET exposure (topical or oral), the clinical manifestations of the exposure, and the outcome of the exposure. DATA SYNTHESIS: This case is similar in some aspects to those already in the literature; however, very few cases of DEET toxicity in adults have been reported. Cardiovascular toxicity in humans related to DEET application has not been previously reported in the published medical literature. DEET exposure (topical or oral) results in a highly variable clinical course. Whether the outcome is death or recovery without sequelae is difficult to predict. CONCLUSIONS: Adults, as well as children, are at risk for toxicity from insect repellents. The use of highly concentrated DEET-containing insect repellents should be avoided to reduce the risk of toxicity in both children and adults. The consequences of DEET toxicity are variable and unpredictable.

Lacosamide for the Treatment of Refractory Status Epilepticus

2011 ◽  
Vol 45 (11) ◽  
pp. 1445-1449 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erica M Fernandez ◽  
Andrew J Franck
Keyword(s):  
Status Epilepticus ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Refractory Status Epilepticus ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Refractory Status ◽  
Successful Termination ◽  
Study Selection ◽  
Animal Data

Objective: To evaluate current evidence for the use of lacosamide in the treatment of refractory status epilepticus. Data Sources: Literature was accessed via PubMed (through July 2011) using the terms lacosamide and status epilepticus. Study Selection and Data Extraction: All reports on the use of lacosamide in patients with status epilepticus were included for evaluation. Reviews and animal data were excluded. Data Synthesis: Treatment of status epilepticus is challenging, and most patients fail to respond to initial treatment. Recently, several reports have been published on the use of lacosamide for status epilepticus. Eleven reports (5 case reports and 6 case series) were identified. Lacosamide was credited with successful termination of status epilepticus in a majority of these reports, However, the data are weakened by the heterogeneity of the reports, their descriptive nature, and the common divergence from current recommendations for the treatment of status epilepticus, Conclusions: While lacosamide has been reported as an effective treatment for refractory status epilepticus, there is insufficient evidence for its routine use. For cases in which the risks associated with anesthetizing drugs are believed to outweigh the benefits, such as in complex partial status epilepticus, lacosamide may be a reasonable option after more established drug therapies fail.

Drug-Induced Restless Legs Syndrome

2018 ◽  
Vol 52 (7) ◽  
pp. 662-672 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edna Patatanian ◽  
Melanie K. Claborn
Keyword(s):  
Restless Legs Syndrome ◽  
English Language ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Predisposing Factors ◽  
Drug Induced ◽  
Restless Legs ◽  
Drug Classes ◽  
Study Selection

Objective: To review the literature on drug-induced restless legs syndrome (DI-RLS). Data Sources: The review included a search for English-language literature from 1966 to December 2017 in the MEDLINE, PubMed, and Ovid databases using the following search terms: restless legs syndrome (RLS), periodic limb movement, adverse effects, and drug-induced. In addition, background articles on the pathophysiology, etiology, and epidemiology of RLS were retrieved. Bibliographies of relevant articles were reviewed for additional citations. Study Selection and Data Extraction: All case reports, case series, and review articles of DI-RLS were identified and analyzed. There were only a small number of controlled clinical trials, and most data were from case reports and case series. Results: Several drugs and drug classes have been implicated in DI-RLS, with antidepressants, antipsychotics, and antiepileptics having the most evidence. In addition, RLS may be linked with a number of disorders or underlying predisposing factors as well. Conclusions: The prevalence of RLS is variable and ranges from 3% to 19% in the general population. There are many predisposing factors to RLS, but an emerging body of evidence suggests that there is an association between numerous drugs and RLS.

Use of Prostaglandin F2 Alpha for Cyclophosphamide-Induced Hemorrhagic Cystitis

1994 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 204-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christina L. Cocnata
Keyword(s):  
English Language ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Hemorrhagic Cystitis ◽  
Intravesical Instillation ◽  
Optimal Dosage ◽  
Bladder Irrigation ◽  
Optimal Dosage Regimen ◽  
Study Selection ◽  
Prostaglandin F

Objective: To examine the use of prostaglandin F2 alpha in treating cyclophosphamide-induced hemorrhagic cystitis. Data Sources: An English language literature search using MEDLINE 1982–1993 and bibliographic reviews of related textbooks and review articles. Study Selection: Articles containing pertinent information regarding the therapeutic use and effects of prostaglandin F2 alpha as a treatment for cyclophosphamide-induced hemorrhagic cystitis in humans. Data Extraction: Resources were evaluated and information was extracted independently. Data Synthesis: A review of human cases suggests that intravesical administration of prostaglandin F2 alpha may be an effective bedside therapy for cyclophosphamide-induced hemorrhagic cystitis. Adverse reactions are limited primarily to local effects. The optimal dosage regimen of intravesical prostaglandin F2 alpha is not clearly established. Conclusions: Patients with intractable vesical hemorrhage secondary to cyclophosphamide administration may benefit from bedside intravesical instillation of prostaglandin F2 alpha. Information in the literature regarding prostaglandin bladder irrigation is scarce, and confined to case reports. Clinical studies are needed to endorse and/or refute the efficacy of intravesical instillation of prostaglandin F2 alpha as a treatment modality for hemorrhagic cystitis.

Evolution of Equations for Estimating Renal Function and Their Application to the Dosing of New Antimicrobials

2019 ◽  
Vol 54 (5) ◽  
pp. 496-503
Author(s):  
Alison K. Lew ◽  
Ryan L. Crass ◽  
Gregory Eschenauer
Keyword(s):  
Dose Adjustment ◽  
English Language ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
New Era ◽  
Mdrd Equation ◽  
Language Studies ◽  
Fda Approval ◽  
Literature Searches ◽  
Study Selection

Objective: To address the background and rationale for the recent introduction of the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) equation for renal dose adjustment of antimicrobials and to provide recommendations for pharmacists dosing new antimicrobial agents. Data Sources: Comprehensive MEDLINE and EMBASE literature searches (from August 2018 to October 2019) were performed. Search terms included creatinine clearance, Cockcroft-Gault, MDRD, and glomerular filtration rate and a subsequent search included the preceding terms AND antimicrobials OR antibiotics. Study Selection and Data Extraction: Available English-language studies on the derivation and/or use of the Cockcroft-Gault (CG) and MDRD study equation were evaluated as well as those that specifically discussed their use for dosing antimicrobial agents. Data Synthesis: The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval of delafloxacin and meropenem-vaborbactam in 2017 ushered in a new era in renal dosing of antibiotics, in that both agents are recommended to be dosed by the MDRD equation. Studies demonstrate that the CG and MDRD equations can result in discrepant dosing recommendations. Relevance to Patient Care and Clinical Practice: The renal estimation equation recommended in a new antibiotic label should dictate the dosing of that medication. It is noteworthy that these equations are not interchangeable. Conclusion: Recently approved antimicrobials utilizing the MDRD equation for renal dose adjustment will be interspersed with old and new antimicrobials utilizing the CG equation because of lack of singular guidance by the FDA. This requires pharmacists to be vigilant in evaluating drug labels to determine which equation is recommended and to understand the differences, strengths, and limitations of each equation.

Isoniazid-Associated Psychosis: Case Report and Review of the Literature

1993 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 167-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen A. Pallone ◽  
Morton P. Goldman ◽  
Matthew A. Fuller
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
English Language ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Data Sources ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Data Synthesis ◽  
Medline Search ◽  
Study Selection ◽  
Language Literature

Objective To describe a case of isoniazid-associated psychosis and review the incidence of this adverse effect. Data Sources Information about the patient was obtained from the medical chart. A MEDLINE search of the English-language literature published from 1950 to 1992 was conducted and Index Medicus was manually searched for current information. Study Selection All case reports describing isoniazid-associated psychosis were reviewed. Data Extraction Studies were evaluated for the use of isoniazid, symptoms of psychosis, onset of symptoms, and dosage of isoniazid. Data Synthesis The case report is compared with others reported in the literature. The incidence of isoniazid-associated psychosis is rare. Conclusions The mechanism of isoniazid-associated psychosis is uncertain. It appears that isoniazid was associated with the psychosis evident in our patient and in the cases reviewed.

scholarly journals Emergency Management of Paraphimosis

2003 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 253-257 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ch Chung
Keyword(s):  
Case Reports ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
Invasive Treatment ◽  
Manual Search ◽  
Study Selection ◽  
Library Network ◽  
Randomised Controlled

Objective To review the treatment modalities available for paraphimosis, with special emphasis on those applicable to the emergency department. Data source Relevant medical literature was searched through MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, and Cochrane Database. Manual search was performed in books on Urology, General Surgery and Emergency Medicine available in the Hospital Library. Further information was obtained through the Internet at < www.infoseek.com >. References cited in articles were also retrieved. Study selection Key words for the literature, Internet and textbook search were ‘paraphimosis’ and ‘treatment’. All available years of study were reviewed. Data extraction Relevant full text articles were obtained through the hospital library network. Original articles, review papers, medical practice, case reports, and relevant book chapters were reviewed. Data synthesis There were no prospective, randomised, controlled studies available. The majority were case series and expert experience or opinions only. Currently, a multitude of non-invasive and invasive treatment options are available, including manual reduction, help of non-crushing tissue forceps, puncture technique and dorsal slit. Conclusion All treatment methods are within the capability of the emergency physician. Hospitalization should rarely be required, unless there are serious complications.

Drug-Induced Yawning—A Review

2011 ◽  
Vol 45 (10) ◽  
pp. 1297-1301 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edna Patatanian ◽  
Nancy Toedter Williams
Keyword(s):  
Case Reports ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Background Information ◽  
Drug Induced ◽  
Data Synthesis ◽  
Search Terms ◽  
Dopaminergic Agents ◽  
Study Selection ◽  
Physiologic Function ◽  
Induction Agents

Objective: To review the current literature on drug-induced yawning. Data Sources: Literature was accessed through MEDLINE/PubMed (1996-July 2011), International Pharmaceutical Abstracts (1997-July 2011), and EMBASE, using the search terms yawning, drug-induced yawning, and adverse drug reactions. Study Selection and Data Extraction: Relevant clinical trials and case reports were selected and included to present background information. Bibliographies of all relevant articles were reviewed for additional citations. Data Synthesis: Yawning is a common stereotype behavior with unknown physiologic function that occurs in most vertebrates and humans as early as 15 weeks of intrauterine life. Yawning Is under the control of several neurotransmitters and neuropeptides, Including dopamine, serotonin, oxytocin, and acetylcholine. Among drugs, antidepressants, opioids, dopaminergic agents, benzodiazepines, and induction agents are the main pharmacologic classes associated with yawning. Conclusions: Yawning is rarely a serious adverse reaction and is not frequently listed in the drug summary. Most available data are based on case reports, small studies, and older literature. Clinicians should be aware of the agents commonly triggering this behavior.

scholarly journals A new method for testing reproducibility in systematic reviews was developed, but needs more testing

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dawid Pieper ◽  
Simone Heß ◽  
Clovis Mariano Faggion
Keyword(s):  
Random Sample ◽  
Systematic Reviews ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Risk Of Bias ◽  
New Method ◽  
Literature Searches ◽  
Study Selection ◽  
The Future ◽  
Number Of Citations

Abstract Background To develop and test an approach to test reproducibility of SRs. Methods Case study. We have developed an approach to test reproducibility retrospectively while focusing on the whole conduct of an SR instead of single steps of it. We replicated the literature searches and drew a 25% random sample followed by study selection, data extraction, and risk of bias (ROB) assessments performed by two reviewers independently. These results were compared narratively with the original review. Results We were not able to fully reproduce the original search resulting in minor differences in the number of citations retrieved. The biggest disagreements were found in study selection. The most difficult section to be reproduced was the RoB assessment due to the lack of reporting clear criteria to support the judgement of RoB ratings, although agreement was still found to be satisfactory. Conclusion Our approach as well as other approaches needs to undergo testing and comparison in the future as the area of testing for reproducibility of SRs is still in its infancy.

Ifosfamide-Induced Neurotoxicity: A Case Report and Review of the Literature

1992 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 183-187 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa J. Miller ◽  
Virginia E. Eaton
Keyword(s):  
Case Reports ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Journal Articles ◽  
Predictive Capability ◽  
Dosage Regimens ◽  
Study Selection ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Pediatric Populations ◽  
Small Study Population

OBJECTIVE: To review published abstracts, journal articles, and case reports for evidence of ifosfamide-induced neurotoxicity in both adult and pediatric populations. DATA SOURCES: Peer-reviewed journal articles (October 1985 through August 1990) obtained through a computer literature search, with subsequent bibliography scanning. STUDY SELECTION: We identified 34 reports that specifically addressed neurotoxicity related to ifosfamide therapy. By consensus of the authors, 8 of these reports were excluded due to a small study population, duplication or age of data. DATA EXTRACTION: Studies were assessed by the first author and verified by the second author. Several colleagues also contributed to the analysis. DATA ANALYSIS: Risk factors and mechanisms behind this potentially fatal neurotoxic reaction remain speculative and, in some cases, contradictory. The predictive capability of a published nomogram is restricted by differences in dosage regimens and encephalopathic classifications. Currently, the best prevention against neurotoxicity is little or no use of concurrent medications that have central nervous system effects. CONCLUSIONS: Further studies should address the influence of other nephrotoxic agents (e.g., cisplatin, aminoglycosides) on the incidence of ifosfamide-induced neurotoxicity.

scholarly journals False-Positive Results of Radionuclide Imaging in Lactating Breasts: a pharmacovigilance perspective

2020 ◽  
pp. 38-45
Author(s):  
Vojislav Kišić ◽  
Jennifer Parish
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Events ◽  
Medical Literature ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Nuclear Imaging ◽  
False Positives ◽  
Safety And Efficacy ◽  
Literature Searches ◽  
Safety Specification ◽  
Medical Dictionary ◽  
Positive Results

Background: Misleading diagnostic results, including false-positives, potentially impact both the safety and efficacy profiles of radiopharmaceuticals used for diagnostic purposes. It is unclear, however, if false-positives occurring with radio-pharmaceuticals in lactating breasts are regularly reported as adverse events. Methods: Scientific medical literature (PubMed and Google Scholar) and the EudraVigilance database of suspected adverse drug reaction reports were searched for case reports of false-positives with radiopharmaceuticals appearing in lactating breasts. Medical Dictionary for Regulatory Activities (MedDRA) was reviewed for terms that could be used to capture reports of false-positives occurring in breast nuclear imaging accurately. Results: Literature searches showed that 40 case reports of false-positives have been observed with radiopharmaceuticals in lactating breasts but that these do not appear to be consistently reported to EudraVigilance as adverse events. MedDRA did not contain terms suitable for capturing false-positives in breasts with radiopharmaceuticals, but newly proposed terms were all approved. Conclusion: Increased reporting of false-positives as adverse events could help further clarify the safety specification of radiopharmaceuticals.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document