How Dehumanization Influences Attitudes toward Immigrants

2017 ◽  
Vol 71 (2) ◽  
pp. 440-452 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen M. Utych
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Immigration Policy ◽  
Emotional Responses ◽  
Negative Attitudes ◽  
Attitudes Toward Immigrants ◽  
Policy Attitudes ◽  
Immigration Attitudes ◽  
Original Experimental Data

Immigrants, as a group, are frequently described in ways, such as vermin or disease, that portray them as less than human. This type of dehumanizing language leads to negative emotional responses and negative attitudes toward the dehumanized group. This paper examines how the dehumanization of immigrants influences immigration policy attitudes. I use original experimental data to show that dehumanization leads to more negative immigration attitudes. I further find that these negative attitudes are mediated by the role of emotion. Dehumanization increases anger and disgust toward immigrants, which causes anti-immigrant sentiment.

North American Attitudes toward Immigrants and Immigration in the Time of COVID-19: The Role of National Attachment and Threat

2021 ◽  
Vol 697 (1) ◽  
pp. 148-173
Author(s):  
Victoria M. Esses ◽  
Alina Sutter ◽  
Joanie Bouchard ◽  
Kate H. Choi ◽  
Patrick Denice
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Negative Attitudes ◽  
Attitudes Toward Immigrants ◽  
Country Level ◽  
National Economic ◽  
Immigration Attitudes ◽  
National Attachment ◽  
National Representative Survey

Using a cross-national representative survey conducted during the COVID-19 pandemic, we examine predictors of attitudes toward immigrants and immigration in Canada and the United States, including general and COVID-related nationalism, patriotism, and perceived personal and national economic and health threats. In both countries, nationalism, particularly COVID-related nationalism, predicted perceptions that immigration levels were too high and negative attitudes toward immigrants. Patriotism predicted negative immigration attitudes in the United States but not in Canada, where support for immigration and multiculturalism are part of national identity. Conversely, personal and national economic threat predicted negative immigration attitudes in Canada more than in the United States. In both countries, national health threat predicted more favorable views of immigration levels and attitudes toward immigrants, perhaps because many immigrants have provided frontline health care during the pandemic. Country-level cognition in context drives immigration attitudes and informs strategies for supporting more positive views of immigrants and immigration.

You Want to Spend My Money How? Framing Effects on Tax Increases via Ballot Propositions

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-52
Author(s):  
Travis Braidwood
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Framing Effects ◽  
Scholarly Work ◽  
Tax Expenditures ◽  
Language Complexity ◽  
Ballot Measures ◽  
Voter Approval ◽  
Ballot Measure ◽  
Original Experimental Data

Recent scholarly work has discovered that modest changes in the framing of the titles and summaries of ballot measures can have dramatic effects on voter approval. This work expands upon these findings by exploring the effect of language specificity on support for ballot propositions that require the voter to pay for the measure with tax dollars. Although extensive research has explored ballot measure language complexity (e.g., position on the ballot, electoral effects, and prepossessed knowledge have all been shown to play a role in the outcome for propositions), left unanswered is the role of detailed language in altering support. Utilizing original experimental data, this work explores the framing effects of increasing specificity of proposed use of tax expenditures on support for ballot questions. Ultimately, this research finds that propositions providing more information to voters substantially increases the likelihood of support for those measures. Moreover, this increased specificity also bolsters certainty as to how the money will be spent, and intensifies how strongly voters feel about the issues being considered.

Religious Social Identity, Religious Belief, and Anti-Immigration Sentiment

2015 ◽  
Vol 109 (2) ◽  
pp. 203-221 ◽  
Author(s):  
PAZIT BEN-NUN BLOOM ◽  
GIZEM ARIKAN ◽  
MARIE COURTEMANCHE
Keyword(s):  
Social Identity ◽  
Religious Experience ◽  
Religious Belief ◽  
Target Group ◽  
Host Society ◽  
Negative Attitudes ◽  
Attitudes Toward Immigrants ◽  
Group Members ◽  
Religion And Ethnicity

Somewhat paradoxically, numerous scholars in various disciplines have found that religion induces negative attitudes towards immigrants, while others find that it fuels feelings of compassion. We offer a framework that accounts for this discrepancy. Using two priming experiments conducted among American Catholics, Turkish Muslims, and Israeli Jews, we disentangle the role of religious social identity and religious belief, and differentiate among types of immigrants based on their ethnic and religious similarity to, or difference from, members of the host society. We find that religious social identity increases opposition to immigrants who are dissimilar to in-group members in religion or ethnicity, while religious belief engenders welcoming attitudes toward immigrants of the same religion and ethnicity, particularly among the less conservative devout. These results suggest that different elements of the religious experience exert distinct and even contrasting effects on immigration attitudes, manifested in both the citizenry's considerations of beliefs and identity and its sensitivity to cues regarding the religion of the target group.

scholarly journals Rethinking the Boundaries: Competitive Threat and the Asymmetric Salience of Race/Ethnicity in Attitudes toward Immigrants

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 237802311771390 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric W. Schoon ◽  
Kathryn Freeman Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Survey Data ◽  
Ethnic Differences ◽  
Race And Ethnicity ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Negative Attitudes ◽  
Racial And Ethnic Differences ◽  
Attitudes Toward Immigrants ◽  
Cultural Threat ◽  
Race Ethnicity

Research on attitudes toward immigrants has come to divergent conclusions regarding the role of race and ethnicity in shaping these attitudes. Using survey data from 18 European countries, the authors analyze how conditions associated with both economic and cultural threat shape respondents’ receptivity to establishing relationships with immigrants of the same race or ethnicity versus immigrants of a different race or ethnicity. The analyses reveal that the salience of racial and ethnic differences in shaping attitudes toward immigrants is asymmetric. Those who are more likely to express negative attitudes toward immigrants are also more likely to differentiate between immigrants on the basis of race and ethnicity, whereas those less likely to express negative attitudes are also less likely to distinguish between immigrants on the basis of racial and ethnic differences. The authors discuss the substantive and theoretical implications of these findings.

scholarly journals Bridging the Partisan Divide on Immigration Policy Attitudes through a Bipartisan Issue Area: The Case of Human Trafficking

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 107-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tabitha Bonilla ◽  
Cecilia Hyunjung Mo
Keyword(s):  
Human Trafficking ◽  
Immigration Policy ◽  
Immigration Policies ◽  
Attitudes Toward Immigrants ◽  
Issue Area ◽  
General Support ◽  
Policy Attitudes ◽  
Positive Attitudes ◽  
Survey Experiments ◽  
Positive Sentiment

AbstractTo date, while there is a rich literature describing the determinants of anti-immigrant sentiment, researchers have not identified a mechanism to reduce antipathy toward immigrants. In fact, extant research has shown that efforts to induce positive attitudes toward immigrants often backfire. What if a bridging frame strategy were employed? Can a bipartisan issue area in which there is general support act as a bridging frame to elicit more positive sentiment toward immigration among those who oppose more open immigration policies? We explore this question by conducting two survey experiments in which we manipulate whether immigration is linked with the bipartisan issue area of human trafficking. We find that in forcing individuals to reconcile the fact that a widely accepted issue position of combating trafficking also requires a reassessment of immigration policies, we can positively shift attitudes on immigration.

Is negative mass media news always associated with outgroup prejudice? The buffering role of direct contact

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 195-213 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giulia Fuochi ◽  
Alberto Voci ◽  
Chiara A. Veneziani ◽  
Jessica Boin ◽  
Benjamin Fell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Media ◽  
Intergroup Contact ◽  
Negative Association ◽  
Negative Attitudes ◽  
Attitudes Toward Immigrants ◽  
Positive Attitudes ◽  
Negative News ◽  
Buffering Hypothesis ◽  
Positive Direct

We examined the association of the combination of direct intergroup contact and mass media news with attitudes toward immigrants and gay people in Italy, hypothesizing that direct intergroup contact would buffer the negative association between media news and attitudes, but only when contact was intimate or positive. Measuring contact variables and attitudes toward immigrants (Study 1, N = 428; Study 2, N = 426) and gay men and women (Study 3, N = 220), we found that intimate and positive direct intergroup contact was associated with more positive attitudes toward outgroup members, whereas exposure to negative news was related to more negative attitudes. Moreover, our results supported the buffering hypothesis, as the negative association between negative news and intergroup attitudes was significantly weaker amongst respondents with higher levels of intimate and positive intergroup contact.

scholarly journals Intergroup Contact, Intergroup Anxiety, and Attitudes towards the Opposing Group in Divided Society

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 397-420
Author(s):  
Mimoza Telaku
Keyword(s):  
Intergroup Contact ◽  
Emotional Responses ◽  
Negative Attitudes ◽  
Intergroup Anxiety ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
Divided Society ◽  
Opposing Group ◽  
Acculturation Attitudes ◽  
Conflict Narratives

The negative attitudes and negative emotions play a key role in maintaining the hostilities between the groups of a divided society. Evidence suggests that intergroup contact can improve or worsen intergroup attitudes. The current study examined the mediating role of intergroup anxiety on quantity of interethnic contact and acculturation attitudes and emotional responses to contradictory conflict narratives in a divided society with a background of armed conflict in the past. The study was conducted among 202 Albanians and 239 Serbs in Kosovo. The results indicate that as more as they meet members of the opposing group the less they feel intergroup anxiety and the more they show acculturation attitudes towards the opposing group among both Albanians and Serbs. However, such mediating role of intergroup anxiety was not found on emotional responses to contradictory conflict narratives, except among Serbs who live in certain enclaves. The findings are discussed in terms of context, reconciliation, and maintenance of frozen conflict.

РОЛЬ ФИЗИЧЕСКОЙ РАЗМИНКИ В ПОДГОТОВКЕ К ТРЕНИРОВОЧНЫМ ЗАНЯТИЯМ И СОРЕВНОВАНИЯМ ШАХМАТИСТОВ БГУ

2019 ◽  
pp. 63-65
Author(s):  
Судоргин Е.П. ◽  
Карсакова И.Н.
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Sport Performance ◽  
Warm Up ◽  
Physical Exercises ◽  
Methods Of Evaluation ◽  
Mental Fitness ◽  
Physical Preparation ◽  
Tools And Methods

Аннотация: О роли разминки перед тренировкой и соревнованиями написано много научных статьей и диссертаций. Ещё больше о значимости физической подготовки спортсменов, в том числе и шахматистов. В то же время авторы считают, что вопросу физической подготовки шахматистов и в частности разминке в научной и научно-методической литературе уделяется недостаточно внимания. В своей статье авторы приводят собственные экспериментальные данные о влиянии физических упражнений (разминки) на умственную работоспособность студентов-шахматистов БГУ и как следствие на спортивные результаты команды. Ключевые слова: Шахматы, разминка, умственная работоспособность, средства и методы разминки, методы оценки результатов. Аннотация: Машыгуунун жана мелдештердин алдында даярдоонун ролу жөнүндө көптөгөн илимий макала жана диссертация жазылган. Ошондой эле илимий жана илимий-методикалык адабияттарда шахматка даярдоого көп көңүл бурулбай жатат. Макаланын авторлору шахмат ойногон студенттерге физикалык көнүгүүлөрдүн тийгизген таасири жөнүндө өздөрүнүн эксперименталдык маалыматтарын көргөзүштү. Түйүндүү сөздөр: Шахмат, акыл-дарамет, курулуштар жана ыкмалар, баа берүү жыйынтыгы боюнча кабыл алынат. Abstract: on the role of warm-up before training and competitions written many scientific articles and theses. More about the significance of the physical preparation of athletes, including players. At the same time, the authors believe that the issue of fit- ness players and in particular workout in scientific and scientific-methodical literature neglected. In his article the authors cite their own experimental data on the influence of physical exercises (warm-up) on the mental fitness of students-BSU players and as a result the sport performance team. Keywords: chess, warm-up, mental fitness, workout tools and methods, methods of evaluation results.

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