scholarly journals Three Dimensions of User Risk-Taking: Individual Differences in the TriRB

2019 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 267-271
Author(s):  
Noam Ben Asher ◽  
Joachim Meyer
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Risk Aversion ◽  
Risk Taking ◽  
Risk Measures ◽  
Computer Systems ◽  
Utility Functions ◽  
Three Dimensions

Ben-Asher and Meyer (2018) developed a model of risk-related behavior in computer systems, named the Triad of Risk-related Behavior (TriRB). It identified three behaviors – the exposure to risk, the use of security features and the responses to security indications. Various factors affected the three behaviors differently. We report an experiment with 83 participants who performed the Tetris-game like task, designed for studying the TriRB. We also collected data on four measures of individual differences in risk-taking (BART, DOSPERT and questionnaires on assessing risk aversion in the utility functions). We computed the correlations between the behaviors in the TriRB and the risk measures. Different risk measures were correlated with the three behaviors, supporting the notion that these are indeed three different risk-related behaviors and not expressions of a general underlying tendency to take risks. We discuss some implications of these findings for cybersecurity research and praxis.

Pronoun reversals: who, when, and why?

1993 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 573-589 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip S. Dale ◽  
Catherine Crain-Thoreson
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Language Acquisition ◽  
Risk Taking ◽  
Contextual Factors ◽  
Noun Phrases ◽  
Second Person ◽  
Pronoun Use ◽  
Processing Resources ◽  
Unstructured Play

ABSTRACTSeventeen of a sample of 30 precocious talkers aged 1;8 produced at least one pronoun reversal (I/you) during unstructured play. This finding led to an examination of the role of cognitive and linguistic individual differences as well as contextual factors and processing complexity as determinants of pronoun reversal. Contrary to predictions derived from previous hypotheses, there were few differences between reversers and non-reversers, other than higher use of second person forms by reversers. Reversals were more likely to occur in certain contexts: semantically reversible predicates with two noun phrases, and in imitations (though the rate of imitation was lower overall in reversers). We propose that pronoun reversals commonly result from a failure to perform a deictic shift, which is especially likely when children's psycholinguistic processing resources are taxed. Children who did not produce any pronoun reversals tended to avoid pronoun use, especially second person forms. Overt reversal may thus reflect a risk-taking approach to language acquisition, which may be particularly characteristic of precocious children.

Equity-Based Incentives, Risk Aversion, and Merger-Related Risk-Taking Behavior

2014 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 117-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bradley W. Benson ◽  
Jung Chul Park ◽  
Wallace N. Davidson
Keyword(s):  
Risk Aversion ◽  
Risk Taking ◽  
Related Risk ◽  
Risk Taking Behavior

scholarly journals Altered risk-aversion and risk-taking behaviour in patients with Alzheimer's disease

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 151-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juwon HA ◽  
Eun-Jin KIM ◽  
Sewon LIM ◽  
Dong-Won SHIN ◽  
Yeo-Jin KANG ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Risk Aversion ◽  
Risk Taking

scholarly journals Market shocks and professionals' investment behavior – Evidence from the COVID-19 crash

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christoph Huber ◽  
Juergen Huber ◽  
Michael Kirchler
Keyword(s):  
Stock Market ◽  
Risk Aversion ◽  
Risk Taking ◽  
Investment Behavior ◽  
Controlled Experiments ◽  
Price Expectations ◽  
Market Crashes ◽  
Changes In Risk ◽  
Risk Taking Behavior ◽  
Market Shocks

We investigate how the experience of stock market shocks, such as the COVID-19 crash, influences risk-taking behavior. To isolate changes in risk taking from other factors during stock market crashes, we ran controlled experiments with finance professionals in December 2019 and March 2020. We observe that their investments in the experiment were 12 percent lower in March 2020 than in December 2019, although their price expectations had not changed, and although they considered the experimental asset less risky during the crash than before. Thus, lower investments are driven by higher risk aversion, not by changes in beliefs.

Social Preferences as an Individual Difference in Offender Decision-making

2018 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 129-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chae M. Jaynes ◽  
Thomas A. Loughran
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Individual Differences ◽  
Risk Taking ◽  
Social Preferences ◽  
Ultimatum Game ◽  
Future Orientation ◽  
Strategic Decision ◽  
Strategic Decision Making ◽  
Temporal Orientation ◽  
Self Interest

Objectives: We examined the relationship between social preference game behavior and offender status and tested whether this relationship was attributed to genuine prosocial preferences or confounded by individual differences in future orientation, sensation seeking, and risk-taking. Methods: Offender and nonoffender samples played the dictator and ultimatum games. Ordered and generalized ordered logistic regression models were used to test the hypothesis that when compared to nonoffenders, offenders would demonstrate increased self-interest, while also considering competing theoretical mechanisms. Results: Offenders appeared to be more self-interested as indicated by smaller offers in the dictator game. This relationship, however, was attributed to differences in future orientation between the two groups rather than differences in social preferences. Net of demographic controls and competing theoretical mechanisms, however, offenders made smaller offers in the ultimatum game. We argue this finding revealed differences in strategic decision-making between the two groups. Conclusions: Results suggested that offenders were not distinguishable from nonoffenders by individual differences in social preferences. While nonoffenders made larger offers in both games, this finding was attributed to differences in temporal orientation and risk-taking rather than differences in prosocial preferences. This supported the rational choice assumption of self-interest and highlighted differences in strategic decision-making between offenders and nonoffenders.

Risk-taking and risk aversion in the period of before and after the 2008 crisis: evaluation with bibliometric analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Selim Aren ◽  
Hatice Nayman Hamamci
Keyword(s):  
Risk Aversion ◽  
Bibliometric Analysis ◽  
Risk Taking ◽  
Financial Risk ◽  
Investor Sentiment ◽  
The Other ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Risk Appetite ◽  
Java Program ◽  
Before And After

PurposeThis study aims to quantitatively classify the articles with risk-taking and risk aversion keywords and to investigate whether there is a similar emphasis in articles as parallel to the change in risk appetite in the market in the period before the crisis (bubble period) and after the crisis.Design/methodology/approachIn this study, a bibliometric analysis of the articles in which the keywords risk-taking and risk aversion are mentioned together with the word finance in the journals scanned in the Web of Science between 2004 and 2012 was performed. In this context, 936 articles were specified. Analyses were made using the CiteSpace Java program.FindingsThe three journals with the most articles with these characteristics are Journal of Banking and Finance, Journal of Financial Economics and Strategic Management Journal. Along with these two main keywords, the other two most used keywords were “model” and “performance”. In addition, the keywords “attitude”, “corporate governance”, “choice” and “determinant” were used more in the post-crisis period. On the other hand, concepts such as investor sentiment or emotions were not amongst the 10 most frequently used keywords during the nine years. This can be considered as an indicator that risk is being modelled, but emotions are relatively neglected. As a result, the findings of this study show that academic papers do not develop in connection with the mood and excitement in the market.Originality/valueThis study is one of the first studies to examine the reflection of risk appetite in the market on academic papers on financial risk-taking and aversion and to investigate whether the situation in the market and the development in publications are related.

scholarly journals The Environmental Intention of Owner-Managers: The Role of Entrepreneurial Orientation in Tunisian Industry

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (01) ◽  
pp. 1-29
Author(s):  
Azzedine Tounés ◽  
Erno T. Tornikoski ◽  
Fafani Gribaâ
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Risk Taking ◽  
Entrepreneurial Orientation ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Clothing Industry ◽  
Development Programs ◽  
Improvement Program ◽  
Multidimensional Concept

Environmental intention is a key predictor of environmental behavior but there is little theoretical and empirical evidence on environmental intention, especially in developing countries. To address this gap, we study the environmental intention of industrial owner-managers in Tunisia. Based on Tunisia’s participation in sustainable development programs of the United Nations, it seems to be representative of developing countries. We study the environmental intention of owner-managers through a multidimensional concept rarely mobilized in the environmental field, namely, entrepreneurial orientation. We test our hypotheses in the textile-clothing industry, which is the source of significant amounts of water and air pollution and is among the priority industries designated by the Tunisian state as part of an environmental improvement program in 2014. Based on a survey of 226 owner-managers, the results show that the three dimensions of entrepreneurial orientation, namely, innovativeness, proactiveness, and risk-taking, are robust to predict the environmental intention of Tunisian owner-managers.

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