Modeling Pilot Flight Performance in a Cognitive Architecture: Model Demonstration

2021 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 1254-1258
Author(s):  
Rongbing Xu ◽  
Shi Cao
Keyword(s):  
Situation Awareness ◽  
Human Performance ◽  
Mental Workload ◽  
Cognitive Architecture ◽  
Queueing Network ◽  
Architecture Model ◽  
Human In The Loop ◽  
Pilot Model ◽  
Competency Based ◽  
Machine Systems

Cognitive architecture models can support the simulation and prediction of human performance in complex human-machine systems. In the current work, we demonstrate a pilot model that can perform and simulate taxiing and takeoff tasks. The model was built in Queueing Network-Adaptive Control of Thought Rational (QN-ACTR) cognitive architecture and can be connected to flight simulators such as X-Plane to generate various data, including performance, mental workload, and situation awareness. The model results are determined in combination by the declarative knowledge chunks, production rules, and a set of parameters. Currently, the model can generate flight operation behavior similar to human pilots. We will collect human pilot data to examine further and validate model assumptions and parameter values. Once validated, such models can support interface evaluation and competency-based pilot training, providing a theory-based predictive approach complementary to human-in-the-loop experiments for aviation research and development.

scholarly journals A Systematic Review of Physiological Measures of Mental Workload

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (15) ◽  
pp. 2716 ◽  
Author(s):  
Da Tao ◽  
Haibo Tan ◽  
Hailiang Wang ◽  
Xu Zhang ◽  
Xingda Qu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movement ◽  
Human Performance ◽  
Mental Workload ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Physiological Measures ◽  
Comprehensive Understanding ◽  
Machine Systems ◽  
Electroencephalogram Eeg ◽  
Research Domains ◽  
Selection Of

Mental workload (MWL) can affect human performance and is considered critical in the design and evaluation of complex human-machine systems. While numerous physiological measures are used to assess MWL, there appears no consensus on their validity as effective agents of MWL. This study was conducted to provide a comprehensive understanding of the use of physiological measures of MWL and to synthesize empirical evidence on the validity of the measures to discriminate changes in MWL. A systematical literature search was conducted with four electronic databases for empirical studies measuring MWL with physiological measures. Ninety-one studies were included for analysis. We identified 78 physiological measures, which were distributed in cardiovascular, eye movement, electroencephalogram (EEG), respiration, electromyogram (EMG) and skin categories. Cardiovascular, eye movement and EEG measures were the most widely used across varied research domains, with 76%, 66%, and 71% of times reported a significant association with MWL, respectively. While most physiological measures were found to be able to discriminate changes in MWL, they were not universally valid in all task scenarios. The use of physiological measures and their validity for MWL assessment also varied across different research domains. Our study offers insights into the understanding and selection of appropriate physiological measures for MWL assessment in varied human-machine systems.

scholarly journals Using an Integrated Cognitive Architecture to Model the Effect of Environmental Complexity on Drivers’ Situation Awareness

2019 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 812-816
Author(s):  
Umair Rehman ◽  
Shi Cao ◽  
Carolyn MacGregor
Keyword(s):  
Situation Awareness ◽  
Driving Simulator ◽  
Cognitive Architecture ◽  
Cognitive Model ◽  
Queueing Network ◽  
Driver Model ◽  
Human Cognition ◽  
Environmental Complexity ◽  
Preliminary Validation ◽  
Human Participants

The goal of this research is to computationally model and simulate drivers’ situation awareness (SA). In order to achieve this, we have developed a computational cognitive model in a cognitive architecture that can be connected to interact with a driving simulator, as means to infer quantitative predictions of drivers’ SA. We demonstrate the theory of modelling and predicting SA through the lens of human cognition utilizing the QN-ACTR (Queueing Network-Adaptive Control of Thought-Rational) framework as a foundation. We integrate a dynamic visual sampling model (SEEV) to create QN-ACTR-SA in order to allow the model to simulate realistic attention allocation patterns of human drivers. A driver model is also incorporated within QN-ACTR-SA architecture that can simulate human driving behavior by interacting with a driving simulator with the help of virtual modalities such as motor, visual and memory functions. A preliminary validation study is conducted to determine whether SA results of the model correspond to empirical data. The model is probed with SA queries similar to how a Situation Awareness Global Assessment Technique (SAGAT) is conducted on human participants. A comparative assessment demonstrates the model’s ability to simulate drivers’ SA in both easy (with fewer traffic vehicles and signboards) and complex (with more traffic vehicles and signboards) driving conditions.

Computational human performance modelling for human-in-the-Loop machine systems

2020 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 5349-5357
Author(s):  
Hoshang Kolivand ◽  
Valentina E. Balas ◽  
Anand Paul ◽  
Varatharajan Ramachandran
Keyword(s):  
Fuzzy Systems ◽  
Human Performance ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Performance Modelling ◽  
Human In The Loop ◽  
Machine Systems

This special issue of the Journal of Intelligent & Fuzzy Systems contains selected articles of computational human performance modelling for human-in-the-loop machine systems.

Human Performance Assessment of a Prototype Multimodal Naval Command Center

2002 ◽  
Vol 46 (23) ◽  
pp. 1886-1889 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lawrence J. Hettinger ◽  
Bart J. Brickman ◽  
James McKinney
Keyword(s):  
Situation Awareness ◽  
System Performance ◽  
Human Performance ◽  
Performance Testing ◽  
User Centered Design ◽  
Design Concepts ◽  
Human In The Loop ◽  
Functional Aspects ◽  
Command Center ◽  
User Centered

A user-centered design philosophy attaches primary importance to human-machine system performance as the key criterion in assessing the operational utility of complex systems. When the system under consideration is uniquely novel and emphasizes the use of relatively immature technologies, system validation must occur at a number of points in the design process. Particularly in these situations, human-system performance testing must inform engineering development throughout the entire design cycle, and not just at its conclusion. In this paper we describe an empirical effort designed to validate novel technical approaches to the design of a naval command center intended to support high levels of tactical performance in a severely reduced personnel environment. Using a human-in-the-loop simulation, we assessed the initial validity of our design concepts by measuring individual and team performance in realistic simulated tasks. By analyzing metrics associated with operational system performance, operator workload and situation awareness, we were able to identify functional aspects of the design, as well as those that needed further user-centered development

Augmented Reality Procedure Assistance System for Operator Training and Simulation

2020 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 1176-1180
Author(s):  
Eugene Hayden ◽  
Kang Wang ◽  
Chengjie Wu ◽  
Shi Cao
Keyword(s):  
Augmented Reality ◽  
Situation Awareness ◽  
Mental Workload ◽  
Field Of View ◽  
Task Completion ◽  
Operator Training ◽  
Head Mounted Display ◽  
Subject Design ◽  
Procedural Tasks ◽  
Speed Accuracy

This study explores the design, implementation, and evaluation of an Augmented Reality (AR) prototype that assists novice operators in performing procedural tasks in simulator environments. The prototype uses an optical see-through head-mounted display (OST HMD) in conjunction with a simulator display to supplement sequences of interactive visual and attention-guiding cues to the operator’s field of view. We used a 2x2 within-subject design to test two conditions: with/without AR-cues, each condition had a voice assistant and two procedural tasks (preflight and landing). An experiment examined twenty-six novice operators. The results demonstrated that augmented reality had benefits in terms of improved situation awareness and accuracy, however, it yielded longer task completion time by creating a speed-accuracy trade-off effect in favour of accuracy. No significant effect on mental workload is found. The results suggest that augmented reality systems have the potential to be used by a wider audience of operators.

scholarly journals Effect of High-Altitude Environment on Driving Safety: A Study on Drivers’ Mental Workload, Situation Awareness, and Driving Behaviour

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Xinyan Wang ◽  
Wu Bo ◽  
Weihua Yang ◽  
Suping Cui ◽  
Pengzi Chu
Keyword(s):  
High Altitude ◽  
Situation Awareness ◽  
Mental Workload ◽  
Mediating Effect ◽  
Driving Safety ◽  
Risky Driving ◽  
Driving Behaviour ◽  
Driving Risk ◽  
Low Altitude ◽  
The Relationship

This study aims to analyze the effect of high-altitude environment on drivers’ mental workload (MW), situation awareness (SA), and driving behaviour (DB), and to explore the relationship among those driving performances. Based on a survey, the data of 356 lowlanders engaging in driving activities at Tibetan Plateau (high-altitude group) and 341 lowlanders engaging in driving activities at low altitudes (low-altitude group) were compared and analyzed. The results suggest that the differences between the two groups are noteworthy. Mental workload of high-altitude group is significantly higher than that of low-altitude group, and their situation awareness is lower significantly. The possibility of risky driving behaviours for high-altitude group, especially aggressive violations, is higher. For the high-altitude group, the increase of mental workload can lead to an increase on aggressive violations, and the situation understanding plays a full mediating effect between mental workload and aggressive violations. Measures aiming at the improvement of situation awareness and the reduction of mental workload can effectively reduce the driving risk from high-altitude environment for lowlanders.

Influence of Task and Situational Variables on the Applicability of Vigilance Data to Physical Security

1980 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 606-607
Author(s):  
Ben B. Morgan
Keyword(s):  
Real World ◽  
Human Performance ◽  
Clear Trend ◽  
General Belief ◽  
Situational Variables ◽  
Performance Requirements ◽  
Limited Applicability ◽  
Machine Systems ◽  
Inspection Tasks ◽  
The Many

Vigilance is one of the most thoroughly researched areas of human performance. Volumes have been written concerning vigilance performance in both laboratory and real-world settings, and there is a clear trend in the literature toward an increasing emphasis on the study of operational task behavior under environmental conditions that are common to real world jobs. Although a great deal of this research has been designed to test various aspects of the many theories of vigilance, there is a general belief that vigilance research is relevant and applicable to the performances required in real-world monitoring and inspection tasks. Indeed, many of the reported studies are justified on the basis of their apparent relevance to vigilance requirements in modern man-machine systems, industrial inspection tasks, and military jobs. There is a growing body of literature, however, which suggests that many vigilance studies are of limited applicability to operational task performance. For example, Kibler (1965) has argued that technological changes have altered job performance requirements to the extent that laboratory vigilance studies are no longer applicable to real-world jobs. Many others have simply been unable to reproduce the typical “vigilance decrement” in field situations. This has led Teichner (1974) to conclude that “the decremental function itself is more presumed than established.”

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