Fenestration and Energy Conservation

1978 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 444-444
Author(s):  
Belinda Collins ◽  
A. Rubin
Keyword(s):  
Energy Conservation ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
National Bureau ◽  
Window System ◽  
Window Management ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Usage Patterns ◽  
Recent Computer ◽  
Computer Calculations ◽  
Venetian Blind

A previous review of the literature on the psychological requirements for windows indicated the desirability of a view out, daylight, sunshine, and spaciousness as the primary benefits of windows to people in buildings. Although the desire for these window benefits may be, at times, incompatible with the need for energy conservation, recent computer calculations at the National Bureau of Standards (NBS) indicate the feasibility of window management as a means of energy conservation. Window management is defined as the use of thermal shutters on winter nights, ventian blinds on summer days, and/or daylight. These calculations, however, assume that the window system is used optimally, and do not examine actual window management practices. These practices were, however, examined in a study at NBS in which Venetian blind use was evaluated for six low-rise office buildings having two orientations. Blind usage patterns were examined by photographing the building facades before and after experimentally changing blind position in three seasons. Blind positioning did not change noticeably from day to day but that of south-facing windows was significantly different from that of north-facing windows. The feasibility of relying on window management by altering Venetian blind position is discussed.

Short-term effects of timber harvest and forest edges on ground-layer mosses and liverworts

2005 ◽  
Vol 83 (6) ◽  
pp. 610-620 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cara R Nelson ◽  
Charles B Halpern
Keyword(s):  
Forest Management ◽  
Edge Effects ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Timber Harvest ◽  
Ground Layer ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Logging Effects ◽  
Structural Retention

Limited information exists on the effects of forest management practices on bryophytes, despite their importance to forest ecosystems. We examined short-term responses of ground-layer bryophytes to logging disturbance and creation of edges in mature Pseudotsuga forests of western Washington (USA). The abundance and richness of species were measured in four 1-ha forest aggregates (patches of intact forest) and in surrounding logged areas before and after structural retention harvests. One year after treatment, species richness, total cover, and frequency of most moss and liverwort taxa declined within harvest areas. Within forest aggregates, mosses did not show significant edge effects; however, richness and abundance of liverworts declined with proximity to the aggregate edge. Our results suggest that, over short time frames, 1-ha-sized aggregates are sufficient to maintain most common mosses through structural retention harvests but are not large enough to prevent declines or losses of liverworts. Thus, current standards for structural retention, which allow for aggregates as small as 0.2 ha, may be inadequate to retain the diversity and abundance of species found in mature, undisturbed forests.Key words: bryophyte, edge effects, forest borders, forest management, logging effects, structural retention harvest.

scholarly journals The Economics of Current Mushroom Pest Management Practices

1983 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Duffy
Keyword(s):  
Pest Management ◽  
Survey Data ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Mushroom Pest

Survey data from Southeastern Pennsylvania is used to estimate the costs of current mushroom pest management practices. Pest management costs represent a sizeable proportion of the variable costs of producing mushrooms. The practices found are highly variable with costs ranging from $.04 to $.58 per square foot. The frequency of outside applications and steam use before and after the crop are the most significant practices influencing production costs.

“Just-in-Time” Personal Preparedness: Downloads and Usage Patterns of the American Red Cross Hurricane Application During Hurricane Sandy

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 762-767 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas D. Kirsch ◽  
Ryan Circh ◽  
Richard A. Bissell ◽  
Matthew Goldfeder
Keyword(s):  
Smart Phone ◽  
Hurricane Sandy ◽  
Red Cross ◽  
Just In Time ◽  
American Red Cross ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Usage Patterns ◽  
New Type ◽  
The Right ◽  
Real Time Information

AbstractObjectivePersonal preparedness is a core activity but has been found to be frequently inadequate. Smart phone applications have many uses for the public, including preparedness. In 2012 the American Red Cross began releasing “disaster” apps for family preparedness and recovery. The Hurricane App was widely used during Hurricane Sandy in 2012.MethodsPatterns of download of the application were analyzed by using a download tracking tool by the American Red Cross and Google Analytics. Specific variables included date, time, and location of individual downloads; number of page visits and views; and average time spent on pages.ResultsAs Hurricane Sandy approached in late October, daily downloads peaked at 152,258 on the day of landfall and by mid-November reached 697,585. Total page views began increasing on October 25 with over 4,000,000 page views during landfall compared to 3.7 million the first 3 weeks of October with a 43,980% increase in views of the “Right Before” page and a 76,275% increase in views of the “During” page.ConclusionsThe Hurricane App offered a new type of “just-in-time” training that reached tens of thousands of families in areas affected by Hurricane Sandy. The app allowed these families to access real-time information before and after the storm to help them prepare and recover. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2016;page 1 of 6)

Mixed method approaches to evaluate conservation impact: evidence from decentralized forest management in Tanzania

2014 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 162-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
JENS FRIIS LUND ◽  
NEIL D. BURGESS ◽  
SHABANI A. O. CHAMSHAMA ◽  
KLAUS DONS ◽  
JACK A. ISANGO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Forest Management ◽  
Mixed Method ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Forest Disturbance ◽  
Good Condition ◽  
Policy Outcomes ◽  
Landsat Images ◽  
Forest Condition ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Forest Use

SUMMARYNearly 10% of the world's total forest area is formally owned by communities and indigenous groups, yet knowledge of the effects of decentralized forest management approaches on conservation (and livelihood) impacts remains elusive. In this paper, the conservation impact of decentralized forest management on two forests in Tanzania was evaluated using a mixed method approach. Current forest condition, forest increment and forest use patterns were assessed through forest inventories, and changes in forest disturbance levels before and after the implementation of decentralized forest management were assessed on the basis of analyses of Landsat images. This biophysical evidence was then linked to changes in actual management practices, assessed through records, interviews and participatory observations, to provide a measure of the conservation impact of the policy change. Both forests in the study were found to be in good condition, and extraction was lower than overall forest increment. Divergent changes in forest disturbance levels were in evidence following the implementation of decentralized forest management. The evidence from records, interviews and participatory observations indicated that decentralized management had led to increased control of forest use and the observed divergence in forest disturbance levels appeared to be linked to differences in the way that village-level forest managers prioritized conservation objectives and forest-based livelihood strategies. The study illustrates that a mixed methods approach comprises a valid and promising way to evaluate impacts of conservation policies, even in the absence of control sites. By carefully linking policy outcomes to policy outputs, such an approach not only identifies whether such policies work as intended, but also potential mechanisms.

scholarly journals Prospects of China-Mongolia-Russia trade in the light of the COVID-19 pandemic

R-Economy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 192-199
Author(s):  
Xiujie Zhang ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Northeast Asia ◽  
Economic Research ◽  
National Bureau ◽  
Republic Of China ◽  
Economic Statistics ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Trade Turnover ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Trade Partners ◽  
Volume Of Trade

Relevance. China, Mongolia, and Russia are among each other’s major trade partners. The COVID-19 pandemic has had a large impact on global trade, which creates the need to analyze further prospects of the trilateral cooperation between China, Mongolia and Russia. Research objective. This study aims to analyze China-Mongolia-Russia trade cooperation in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. Data and methods. This article applies a comparative analysis method to examine the development and changes in import and export trade between China, Mongolia, and Russia before and after the beginning of the project of the China-Mongolia-Russia Economic Corridor, from 2014 to 2020. The research relies on the data from the China Trade and Foreign Economy Statistical Yearbook, Northeast Asia Economic Statistics of Sea of Japan Economic Research Institute, Ministry of Commerce of the People's Republic of China, Russian Customs, and National Bureau of Statistics of Mongolia. Results. Along with the realization of the medium and short-term goal of raising the volume of trade turnover within the Corridor, the three countries seek to play more and more important roles as each other’s trade partners. It is observed that the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the volume of trade has not been significant, and thus the fundamental premises of trilateral trade cooperation have remained largely unchanged. Conclusions. To increase the volume of trade between China, Mongolia and Russia, it is necessary to improve the trade structure, reduce tariffs, establish free trade areas and actively promote the diversification of trade cooperation.

scholarly journals Welfare assessment of calf rearing management practices in family-based dairy units in rural areas of Mymensingh district, Bangladesh

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Islam ◽  
S. A. Shanta ◽  
R. A. Lima ◽  
M. Milon ◽  
K. Rudra
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Knowledge ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Vaccination Schedule ◽  
Dairy Calves ◽  
Traditional Practices ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Family Based ◽  
Poor Welfare ◽  
Calf Rearing

Background: Dairy calves are the future stock of the dairy farms. It is important to describe weaknesses in rearing calves not only to improve their welfare, but also to detect areas where current scientific knowledge is poorly integrated into practice. The aim of the present study was to gather information on calf rearing management practices followed by dairy owners, which are related to welfare. Methods: A survey of calf rearing practices was conducted using a farmer questionnaire to collect data. The survey included 140 family-based small dairy units in seven upazilas of Mymensingh district, Bangladesh. The frequency and percentage of the response were described. Results: We observed that all respondents attended their animals during calving and 82.14% respondents allowed cow to clean the calves immediately after calving. Only 13.57% farmers cleaned the mouth and nose of calf after birth. More than 85.0% owners cleaned and trimmed hooves of the calf after birth. More than 90%% respondents did not cut the naval cord of calf and apply antiseptic. More than half of the owners (54.28%) fed colostrum to calves when the animals were able to stand on their feet and only 37.14% of them fed colostrum within one hour of birth. About 44.28% respondents allowed ad lib quantity of colostrum to calf. It was found that 73.57% of the owners allowed suckling of calf until 3 to 6 month of age. Most of the owners (55.0%) allowed the calves to suckle all the quarter of udder before and after milking. None practiced castration and dehorning for male calves. Majority (97.14%) of farmers did not perform deworming and vaccination schedule of calves. Conclusion: This study identified a number of rearing practices that represent a poor welfare for calf, which may prone towards diseases and hampering the productivity. Therefore, in addition to the traditional practices, scientific knowledge for this aspect is also important to get superior animals for future.

scholarly journals Energy conservation culture and energy performance of industrial companies

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (43) ◽  
pp. 150-157
Author(s):  
Elena Kirikova ◽  
Natalia Kelchevskaya
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Human Resources ◽  
Energy Conservation ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Business Models ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Industrial Companies ◽  
Industrial Energy

Recent years have seen sparked interest to business models based on sustainable development, which seek harmonious co-development of human resources, organizational culture, and production systems. This paper analyzes how HR management practices, a culture of energy conservation, and staff’s knowledge regarding energy efficiency affect the ability of Russian industrial companies to reach their targets in energy management. Methods in use involve factor analysis, structural equation modeling (SEM), and the author-developed questionnaire that is designed to measure the effects of internal intellectual factors (human resources, culture, and knowledge) on industrial energy performance. For the first time, this paper presents an SEM-based estimation of HR practices and their effects on industrial energy performance. Empirically, this study is based on the results of surveys that involved managers and technical officers of 14 Russian industrial companies in 2016-2017. Analysis shows that employee training, development of energy efficiency skills, and sharing knowledge on energy conservation issues do contribute to reaching the energy policy targets.

scholarly journals The Impact of the Louisiana Master Gardener Program on the Perceived and Actual Horticultural Knowledge of Program Participants

HortScience ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 968E-969
Author(s):  
Bobby H. Fletcher ◽  
Michael F. Burnett ◽  
Krisanna L. Machtmes ◽  
Jeff S. Kuehny
Keyword(s):  
Best Management Practices ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
The United States ◽  
Master Gardener ◽  
Perceived Knowledge ◽  
Highly Educated ◽  
Best Management ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Knowledge And Practice ◽  
The Impact

The primary purpose of this study was to determine the impact of participation in the Master Gardener program on horticultural knowledge and practice. In 1972, the “Master Gardener” concept was initiated in Washington State due to the high demand to answer consumer horticultural questions. The main objective of this program is to increase horticultural knowledge of program participants so they can transfer this information to consumer horticultural clientele. The program quickly spread throughout the United States. It reached Louisiana in 1994 and was expanded throughout most metropolitan areas by 1997. No formal evaluation has been conducted to determine the horticultural knowledge impacts of this program. All 257 participants in the 2004 Louisiana Master Gardener (LMG) program were surveyed before and after participation in this program. The survey used was a researcher-developed instrument designed to measure self-perceived knowledge, tested knowledge, and Best Management Practices (BMPs) used. Data were collected by master gardener coordinators and submitted to the researcher after each phase of data collection (pre and post). Results of the study revealed that the LMG participants were highly educated, mostly Caucasian, and mostly female. Significant improvements were identified in all of the knowledge and practice measurements included in the study. These included self-perceived knowledge, tested knowledge, and use of BMPs. It was concluded that the 2004 Louisiana Master Gardener program was effective in increasing the self-perceived horticultural knowledge and tested horticultural knowledge of program participants. In addition, the study concluded that the 2004 Louisiana Master Gardener program improved the use of BMPs among the participants.

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