Development of the agro-industrial complex in Kazakhstan

The article is devoted to the analysis of foreign trade in agricultural products of the Republic of Kazakhstan. The analysis of indicators of export of agricultural products of the country. In the process of studying the foreign trade turnover of agricultural products of Kazakhstan, identified the main trading partners or importers of agricultural products of the Republic. The analysis of changes in the structure of exports of agricultural products of the Republic to the countries of the Commonwealth of Independent States and the rest of the world. The main agricultural products occupying significant shares in the structure of export of the Republic are determined. For the analysis, a statistical review of the dynamics of foreign trade in agricultural products over the last five years is presented. The analysis of indicators of production of agricultural products, as well as the share of manufactured products for export (Simić, Stankov, 2020). The study confirmed that the share of agricultural exports in the overall structure of the country's exports is insignificant. A significant part of the exported agricultural products are directed to the CIS countries and neighboring countries. A significant part of the export of agricultural products falls on cereals. The share of this category of goods in the total income from exports of food and agricultural raw materials is 90 percent. Thus, exports and foreign trade in agricultural products in General are a source of growth of the agricultural economy for the country, the external factor is important to take into account when building forecasts of economic growth and modeling the economic policy of the country in the field of agriculture.

A methodological approach to logistics management in an inter-state confrontation

To solve the formalized problem, the foundations of the methodology for assessing the need for state regulation of logistics support under non-military methods of power pressure, allowing to assess the need or redundancy of state influence on logistics support at the macro level, are proposed. This will improve the socio-economic component, for a positive effect in terms of increasing foreign trade turnover, as well as to increase employment and efficiency of human resources and lead to a reduction in the cost of production.

Determining the impact of digitalization on the economic security of trade

The modern system of relations between countries is being transformed with the spread of digitalization. Accordingly, there is a need to study the practical aspects of digitalization of trade as a major component of international relations. Therefore, this study aims to determine the impact of digitalization processes on the performance and economic security of trade. The main directions for the development of digitalization in trade were determined and the influence of digital technologies on the economic security of trade entities (enterprises) was investigated. The main components of the economic security of trade enterprises were identified. The main difficulties in the development of the digital economy were highlighted. The main directions for the development of digitalization of trade enterprises were determined. The list of factors that most influence the formation of trade turnover was substantiated: income of the population, number of trade workers, inventories, producer price indices, digital technologies (telecommunications, data processing, etc.). Methods of economic statistics (statistical observation, dynamic and structural analysis) were used to test the hypothesis of the relationship between informatization and economic security of trade enterprises. Methods of correlation and regression analysis were used to study the strength of the relationship between the volume of turnover and the factors that determine it. Based on the modeling, a statistically significant relationship was identified between the indicators of the volume of information and related services and trade volumes, which confirms the dependence of the economic security of trade enterprises on digitalization. The proposal to supplement the already existing methodology for assessing the economic security of the trade enterprise with indicators reflecting the impact of digital technologies was justified. The results of the study can be useful for adapting strategies for the development of trade enterprises in the context of the global digital ecosystem.

Features of intraregional trade turnover of Southern Federal District

The economic interaction of the constituent entities of Russian Federation is manifested in the strengthening of mutual trade contacts between them. An indicator of mutual trade between regions is intraregional trade turnover. The purpose of this article was to identify and substantiate the features of the intraregional trade turnover of Southern Federal District based on data on its levels, dynamics and structure. At the same time, the trade turnover was considered as a result of the development of mutual trade flows and an indicator of the effectiveness of trade and economic relations between regions. In the course of the study, the economic and statistical method prevailed, associated with the calculation, analysis and interpretation of relative statistical indicators, their visualization through graphic-analytical images. Based on the system of statistical indicators, the article examines the specific features of intraregional trade turnover of Southern Federal District in comparison with data from other federal districts of Russia and national levels. Southern Federal District occupies insignificant positions in the ranking of the federal districts of Russia in terms of retail and wholesale turnover, which does not correspond to its resource, production and demographic potential. The authors identified the following features of intraregional trade in Southern Federal District: the predominance of the segment of private trade enterprises in retail trade; a high share of the market and fair trade format in the sale of consumer goods; dominance of stationary outlets in retail turnover; expansion of network retail. The materials of this article have analytical significance and can be used as an information basis for making managerial decisions in the field of regional economic policy to activate mutual trade flows of the regions of Southern Federal District and expand mutual trade contacts between them.

Opportunities and prospects for Russian-Tajik trade and investment cooperation

In todays world, small and economically weak States find it difficult to develop without the assistance of international partners. Analysis shows that trade relations between Russia and Tajikistan are developing in a mixed manner. Their structure is characterized by some one-sidedness and raw material orientation. Exports from Russia predominate, and Russian products occupy a stable first place in the overall trade turnover of Tajikistan. While Tajik export goods are not so much in demand in Russia, their share in the total Russian trade turnover is insignificant. Russian investment activity, which was active in the zero years of the 21st century, is gradually losing its position. The study shows that this has been facilitated more by the internal-Tajik factor, in particular the sharp deterioration of the investment climate for Russian investors. But, in the authors opinion, the potential for successful trade and investment cooperation between Russia and Tajikistan is quite wide. Ecologically clean and of good quality fresh fruit and vegetables and dried fruit from Tajikistan could, under certain conditions, diversify the Russian market for agricultural products. In turn, the Tajik economy needs new technologies in telecommunications, the agricultural sector, the digitization of all sectors of the economy, and assistance in the construction of hydroelectric power stations, new power lines, roads and railways.

The Features of Protection of the Rights of Consumers – Participants of Foreign Trade Turnover in the Context of Digitalization

Introduction: digitalization has a serious impact on all spheres of life and affects the entire society. For entrepreneurs, it offers many new opportunities – from optimizing industrial production to developing completely new business models. The overall situation is changing rapidly, creating new challenges for the government and society. Consumers, as the weakest market participants, are particularly in need of protection, since they risk being unable to keep up with the rapid pace of business operations. Globalization amplifies these effects: in particular, online commerce benefits from cross-border digital markets. This has led to the emergence of corporations that dominate the markets of different countries. Individual consumers who want to defend their rights face the combined resources of corporations. Thus, consumer protection is a global problem. The purpose of the study: the consideration of the special features of protecting the rights of consumers – participants in foreign trade turnover using digital technologies. Methods: dialectical, system, logical, analysis, synthesis. The results of the study: the mechanisms for the effective protection of consumer rights are investigated. Conclusions: the author justifies the implementation of a set of measures and the creation of a regulatory framework that will expand the rights and opportunities of consumers at the international level and allow settling disputes and compensating for harm. According to the author, modern consumer protection is necessary to ensure a balance of interests of the market participants and to ensure that all participants – from multinational corporations to end consumers – benefit from digitalization, which consists in eliminating the risks of digitalization, using its opportunities and taking into account the interests of all participants.

The Development of Major Seaports in the Context of National Maritime Policy. The Case Study of Poland

State authorities may influence the development of seaports by employing the tools of national maritime policy. On the one hand, seaports contribute to the socioeconomic development of coastal regions; on the other, they have a significant impact on foreign trade turnover. The aim of this study is to identify the major factors that have influenced the development of Poland’s seaports in the context of the country’s maritime policy. The paper examines and explains the development and transitions of major Polish seaports such as Gdansk, Gdynia, Szczecin, and Swinoujcie. In order to identify the state of the port economy the authors used public statistics and data analysis. Furthermore, they created a model of comanagement of major seaports and presented a qualitative and quantitative comparison of the development of major seaports from 2005 to 2019. It was discovered that port turnover increased, but in various ways in each of the analysed ports. The government of Poland, acting in a dual role as the coordinator of national maritime policy and the majority owner of seaports, was the most powerful decision-maker in the port economy. However initiatives to implement sustainable principles in seaports have gradually emerged through bottom-up activities of port authorities supported by local and regional authorities.

Trade and Economic Cooperation within the Framework of BRICS

The article is devoted to trade and economic cooperation between Russia and the BRICS membercountries and trade cooperation within the BRICS Union. First, the authors study the peculiarities ofthe development of the BRICS member countries and the possibilities of their trade cooperation withinthe framework of this association. Trade and economic cooperation within the BRICS group is beingconsidered: structure of export and import supplies, dynamics of foreign trade turnover and features ofmutual trade. Authors consider the complementarity of the national economies of the BRICS countries,about the competitive directions of each of its countries in the provision of certain services. The focusis on the study of trade and economic cooperation between Russia and the BRICS member countriesin recent years. The article analyzes the export, import, and foreign trade turnover of Russia with each country of this organization. At the same time, all the calculations in the article are made independently based on statistical data. The authors identify the specifics of Russia’s trade cooperation within the BRICS grouping, draws relevant conclusions, and discusses the investment direction as a component of the growth of trade cooperation, the increase in foreign trade turnover, and GDP growth.