Submariner Situation Assessment: A Cognitive Process Analysis and Modeling Approach

1997 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 163-167 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian D. Ehret ◽  
Wayne D. Gray ◽  
Susan S. Kirschenbaum
Keyword(s):  
Task Analysis ◽  
Cognitive Process ◽  
Process Analysis ◽  
Research Effort ◽  
Cognitive Model ◽  
Problem Space ◽  
Situation Assessment ◽  
Modeling Approach ◽  
Task Behavior ◽  
Process Level

A cognitive process analysis and modeling approach to task analysis is described in the context of Project Nemo, a research effort aimed at explicating situation assessment behavior in commanders of nuclear powered attack submarines. The approach is structured around the rationality and problem space principles outlined in Card, Moran and Newell (1983). The process analysis phases involve characterizing the task domain as well as the subject's goals, operators, and knowledge. The modeling phases involves instantiating the elements from the process analysis phases into a runnable computational cognitive model. The behavior of this model is then judged against a standard, such as expert judgment or the commander's behavior, in order to evaluate the sufficiency of the cognitive process analysis. Unlike conventional task analysis methods, this approach enables the analyst not only to describe task behavior at a detailed cognitive process level, but to evaluate the precision of that description.

scholarly journals Insight and Search in Katona’s Five-Square Problem

2014 ◽  
Vol 61 (4) ◽  
pp. 263-272 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Öllinger ◽  
Gary Jones ◽  
Günther Knoblich
Keyword(s):  
Problem Solving ◽  
Cognitive Model ◽  
Search Space ◽  
Problem Representation ◽  
Problem Space ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Insight Problem ◽  
Insight Problem Solving ◽  
Representational Change ◽  
Human Thinking

Insights are often productive outcomes of human thinking. We provide a cognitive model that explains insight problem solving by the interplay of problem space search and representational change, whereby the problem space is constrained or relaxed based on the problem representation. By introducing different experimental conditions that either constrained the initial search space or helped solvers to initiate a representational change, we investigated the interplay of problem space search and representational change in Katona’s five-square problem. Testing 168 participants, we demonstrated that independent hints relating to the initial search space and to representational change had little effect on solution rates. However, providing both hints caused a significant increase in solution rates. Our results show the interplay between problem space search and representational change in insight problem solving: The initial problem space can be so large that people fail to encounter impasse, but even when representational change is achieved the resulting problem space can still provide a major obstacle to finding the solution.

Psycho-Cognitive Model of Knowledge Creation Theory

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sunday Bolade
Keyword(s):  
Knowledge Creation ◽  
Personal Experience ◽  
Cognitive Process ◽  
Cognitive Model ◽  
Sensory Organs ◽  
Mental Processes ◽  
Cognitive Perspective ◽  
Skill Sets ◽  
New Concepts ◽  
The Brain

Humans perform activities collaboratively or individually, and these activities, more often than not, involve both physical and mental processes. However, irrespective of whether individual or collective functioning, knowledge creation is a personal experience. Nevertheless, the general tenet of this paper is that knowledge is created in a human’s mind and resides in the head. Hence, it posits that knowledge creation is cognitive (associated with the neurological structures of the brain) and psychological (involving consciousness)—a psycho-cognitive process. This study thus employs a “Cognaction” mechanism that is based on the assumptions captured below. The mechanism premised that the human cognitive chamber consists of 3C modes of comprehension (for interpreting stimuli transmitted to the brain by sensory organs), contextualisation (for mindful connecting of chunks to existing schemas), and conceptualisation (for evaluative reflection in a manner that leads to drawing inference and building themes or new concepts). It demonstrates that as diverse skill sets are applied to a task, they generate varieties of effects and outcomes. The outcomes though are distinctive and at the same time are cospecialised. Thus, the psycho-cognitive perspective demonstrates knowledge creation as a cocreation process and sees knowledge as a mix of cocreated, cognitive structures. In view of these, the study provides the missing explanation on how the knowledge archetypes emerged. And it provides the missing link between the belief that “knowledge is created in the head” and knowledge creation theory.

Tool and Information Centric Design Process Modeling

2012 ◽  
pp. 1613-1637
Author(s):  
William Stuart Miller ◽  
Joshua D. Summers
Keyword(s):  
Design Process ◽  
Process Modeling ◽  
Design Research ◽  
Research Effort ◽  
Case Study Research ◽  
Process Models ◽  
Design Processes ◽  
Modeling Approach ◽  
Nature Of Information ◽  
Design Process Modeling

A new design process modeling approach focused on the information flow through design tools is discussed in this chapter. This approach is applied to three long term mechanical engineering design projects spanning 24 months, 12 months, and 4 months. These projects are used to explore the development of the new modeling approach. This is a first step in a broader effort in 1) modeling of design processes, 2) establishing case study research as a formal approach to design research, and 3) developing new design process tools. The ability of engineers to understand the dynamic nature of information throughout the design processes is critical to their ability to complete these tasks. Such understanding promotes learning and further exploration of the design process allowing the improvement of process models, the establishment of new research approaches, and the development of new tools. Thus, enhancing this understanding is the goal of this research effort.

Effects of Maintenance Human Factors in Maintenance-Related Aircraft Accidents

1996 ◽  
Vol 1517 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-28
Author(s):  
Matthew D. Dorn
Keyword(s):  
Human Factors ◽  
Process Analysis ◽  
Frequency Of Occurrence ◽  
Aircraft Accidents ◽  
Causal Factors ◽  
Process Level

To help prevent maintenance-related aircraft accidents the complex factors behind previous accidents must be understood. Maintenance-related aircraft accidents were studied to determine the effects of maintenance human factors. A taxonomy of causal factors was developed and used to classify the causes of 101 military and civilian accidents and to determine the frequency of occurrence for each factor. The taxonomy identifies elements, such as people and hardware, interfaces between elements (i.e., human factors), and maintenance processes comprised of elements and interfaces. Human factors were found to have a significant effect in the 86 military and 15 civilian maintenance-related accidents studied. Whereas investigation boards were found to focus most heavily on element failures, a majority of the failures were found to occur at the process level. Maintenance instructions and their interfaces with the maintainers and inspectors who use them were the most frequently failed elements and interfaces, respectively. Recommendations are made to guide further research, and ideas are provided for improving process analysis by maintenance units and investigation boards.

scholarly journals Eye-Movements during Unit-Task Execution in a Complex Problem-Solving Situation

2000 ◽  
Vol 44 (11) ◽  
pp. 378-381 ◽  
Author(s):  
Myeong-Ho Sohn ◽  
Scott A. Douglass ◽  
Mon-Chu Chen ◽  
John R. Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movements ◽  
Problem Solving ◽  
Task Analysis ◽  
Cognitive Process ◽  
Complex Problem ◽  
Complex Problem Solving ◽  
Task Execution ◽  
Eye Fixations ◽  
Available Information ◽  
Selection Of

We have studied the performance of subjects as they acquired skill in the Georgia Tech Aegis Simulation Program (GT-ASP) with a particular focus on their eye movements. Our task analysis showed that the GT-ASP breaks down into the selection of unit tasks and the execution of these unit tasks. We focused on the Identification unit-task. Our results showed that most of the practice benefit in Identification came from increasing efficiency during cognitive process, in which people make inferences and decisions on the basis of the currently available information. We also analyzed eye fixations when people perform this unit-task. Participants showed different fixation patterns, depending on what portion of the unit-task was being executed. Fluency in a dynamic complex problem-solving seems to be achieved by efficiency in cognitive as well as perceptual processes.

A Longitudinal Assessment of Consumer Satisfaction/Dissatisfaction: The Dynamic Aspect of the Cognitive Process

1983 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 393-404 ◽  
Author(s):  
Priscilla A. LaBarbera ◽  
David Mazursky
Keyword(s):  
Consumer Satisfaction ◽  
Cognitive Process ◽  
Cognitive Model ◽  
Switching Behavior ◽  
Purchase Behavior ◽  
Actual Behavior ◽  
Dynamic Aspect ◽  
Cognitive Variables ◽  
Asymmetric Effect ◽  
Longitudinal Assessment

A simplified cognitive model is proposed to assess the dynamic aspect of consumer satisfaction/dissatisfaction in consecutive purchase behavior. Satisfaction is found to have a significant role in mediating intentions and actual behavior for five product classes that were analyzed in the context of a three-stage longitudinal field study. The asymmetric effect found demonstrates that repurchase of a given brand is affected by lagged intention whereas switching behavior is more sensitive to dissatisfaction with brand consumption. An attempt to predict repurchase behavior on the basis of the investigated cognitive variables yielded weak results. However, repurchase predictions were improved when the model was extended to a multipurchase setting in which prior experience with the brand was taken into account.

Cognitive Process Analysis of PISA, TIMSS, and UN Science Items Based on Revised Bloom Taxonomy

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (12) ◽  
pp. 12068-12072
Author(s):  
Wasis ◽  
Sukarmin ◽  
Muji Sri Prastiwi
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Process ◽  
Process Analysis ◽  
Bloom Taxonomy
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